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2D Photonic Crystal Nano Biosensor with IoT Intelligence
Optical biosensors based on photonic crystals (PCs) offer interesting possibilities for the analysis and identification of bioanalytes. PC is a periodically varying artificial dielectric material that determines the propagation of modes present in the structure. Within dielectric media, there are modes that are selected based on structural perturbations. Changes in the refractive index of biological analytes are used to identify biological samples and are therefore used as sensing media in many applications. Because these PC sensors are designed in the nano range, they have excellent selectivity and sensitivity. The PC is ultra-compact and only small amounts of analyte are required for bioanalyte detection. Quantification of bioanalytes and biochemicals is one of the greatest challenges in the medical and diagnostic fields. However, these electronic devices cannot be directly connected to biological analytes, so the most difficult task is to extract the analyte information and convert it into electronic signals. Optical biosensors offer an attractive way to interrogate the content of bioanalytes because they directly convert biological events into electrical signals. It is also called a self-contained integrated physical medium because of its many applications such as food industry, drug delivery, point-of-care diagnostic sensing devices, and environmental monitoring. Based on the analyte placed on the PC sensor, resonant wavelengths are observed and the measurements are stored in a database. Diseases are identified based on the current users cognitive value, and data is transmitted and monitored over the Internet of Things. 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
Recent developments in melamine detection: Applications of gold and silver nanostructures in colorimetric and fluorometric assays
The purity of milk, traditionally regarded as a symbol of health and nourishment, has been undermined by the alarming issue of melamine (MLM) adulteration. This nitrogen-rich compound is illicitly introduced to falsely enhance protein content, posing significant health risks. Traditional detection methods are often labor-intensive, time-consuming, or require expensive equipment. In response, researchers have developed colorimetric detection techniques to efficiently screen milk for MLM contamination. These methods are particularly promising due to their ease of preparation, rapid detection, high sensitivity, and capability for naked-eye detection. Furthermore, the unique optical properties of advanced nanomaterials have facilitated fluorometric detection, wherein the presence of contaminants induces detectable changes in fluorescence intensity or wavelength. This study offers an in-depth review of recent advancements in colorimetric and fluorometric probes based on silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanostructures, exploring their application in food analysis. It delves into the underlying sensing mechanisms of these probes, showcasing their efficacy in detecting food contaminants. Despite the numerous advantages of Ag and Au nanostructure-based probes, challenges remain, particularly in addressing the complexity of food matrices, achieving simultaneous detection of multiple analytes, and mitigating interference from testing conditions. Additionally, this review highlights the emergence of immunoassay-based sensors, noting that many commercially available MLM testing kits utilize ELISA and LFIA platforms. For the first time, a comprehensive list of MLM testing devices and assay kits is presented, accompanied by key findings from recent studies and recommendations for future research directions. 2024 The Author(s) -
Harnessing AI and blockchain in sustainability assurance: Trends shaping the future of verification
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology is revolutionizing sustainability assurance, setting new benchmarks for transparency, accuracy, and accountability. This article explores current trends and innovative applications of AI and blockchain in verifying corporate sustainability efforts, from automated data analysis to secure, decentralized record- keeping. By leveraging AI for real- time monitoring and data insights, organizations can better track environmental and social impacts, while blockchain ensures data integrity and traceability across supply chains. These advancements enhance stakeholder trust and support regulatory compliance, addressing increasing demands for robust sustainability verification in global markets. Furthermore, the paper discusses challenges such as data privacy and implementation costs, offering insights into the potential long- term impact of these technologies on corporate governance. By examining recent case studies and market trends, this article outlines a future where technology-d riven assurance processes. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Governance models and regulatory mechanisms in employee-owned businesses: A global perspective
The concept of stakeholder capitalism is gaining prominence as businesses increasingly recognize the importance of aligning the interests of all stakeholders, including employees, with the long-term success of the company. This research paper explores the current trends in employee stock ownership within the framework of stakeholder capitalism. It examines how modern ESO are being designed and implemented to foster a sense of ownership, and drive corporate performance. Through a comprehensive review of recent case studies, industry reports, and academic literature, the paper identifies key factors contributing to the effectiveness of employee stock ownership in various sectors. It also analyzes the impact of regulatory changes and evolving corporate governance practices on the adoption and success of these programs. The findings highlight the benefits and challenges associated with employee stock ownership, Thee paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers and business leaders to optimize ESO frameworks. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
AI Chatbots in Financial Services: The Game Changer for Personalized Policy Solutions
The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed customer interactions in financial services, with AI-driven chatbots emerging as a pivotal tool for enhancing personalized policy recommendations. These intelligent systems leverage machine learning algorithms, natural language processing (NLP), and real-time data analytics to understand customer preferences and provide tailored financial solutions. By automating policy advisory and customer support, AI chatbots improve service efficiency, reduce response times, and enhance user satisfaction. This article explores the role of AI chatbots in delivering personalized policy solutions, their impact on customer experience, and the challenges associated with their adoption in financial institutions. Additionally, it highlights emerging trends and future possibilities in AI-driven financial advisory services. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Smart Technologies for Sustainable Logistics: AI, Blockchain, and Robotics in the Carbon-Free Era
In recent years, the transition towards circular supply chains has gained significant momentum as organizations strive to enhance sustainability and reduce waste. The adoption of digital tools and technologies plays a pivotal role in enabling effective traceability within these circular systems. This article explores the innovative tools and technologies that facilitate enhanced traceability in circular supply chains, highlighting their importance in ensuring transparency, accountability, and sustainability. The study delves into various digital solutions, such as blockchain, IoT, and big data analytics, that provide real-time insights into product lifecycles, thereby allowing organizations to monitor and manage resources efficiently. By examining case studies and best practices, this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how digital technologies can transform circular supply chains and contribute to a more sustainable future. Ultimately, this research serves as a foundation for both academia and industry. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Techpreneurial Resilience Strategic Innovation and Business Continuity in the Digital Age: A Case-Based Analysis
In the wake of rapid technological disruption and global uncertainty, entrepre-neurs who build their businesses around innovative technologies are emerging as pivotal actors in ensuring organizational resilience and sustainable growth. This study aims to examine how techpreneurs strategically leverage digital innovation to maintain business continuity and competitiveness in the digital age. The research adopts a qualitative, case-based methodology, analyzing four dynamic tech-driven companies across varied geographies. Using thematic analysis, content coding, and secondary data triangulation, the study explores each firm's strategic use of digital tools, crisis management techniques, and innovation ecosystems.The analysis reveals that techpreneurs who integrate AI, automation, cloud infrastructure, and agile decision-making frameworks exhibit significantly higher resilience and adaptive capacity during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and economic downturns. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Artificial Intelligence- Driven Business Intelligence for ESG Strategy Implementation: Enhancing Corporate Sustainability through Data-Driven Case Studies
In the modern world of growing levels of stakeholder analysis and regulatory pressure, it has become a policy imperative of responsible companies to focus on the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance)- based considerations as an essential part of their central strategic effort. The main idea is to evaluate how the use of AI- powered BI tools allows achieving ESG data collection, analysis, visualization, and reporting, contributing to providing more responsible and intelligent decision-making in sustainability- focused organizations. The study follows a qualitative- type, multiple case study design, wherein the analysis of five practical entities representing various industries including energy, finance, manufacturing, and information technology. Information was gathered by conducting in- depth interviews with ESG officers and data analysts and the use of secondary data Results indicate that AI-assisted BI systems enable the ESG data to have a better granularity and a more timely and predictive nature, therefore, causing more responsive risk management and stakeholder engagement. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Integrating Artificial Intelligence in the Blue Economy: A Case-Based Study of Smart Marine Ecosystems for Climate Change Mitigation and Circular Economy
The Blue Economy represents a critical pathway toward sustainable development, balancing economic growth with the conservation of marine ecosystems. This chapter explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in advancing sustainable practices within the Blue Economy through a series of global case studies. It examines how leading companies and initiativessuch as Sinay, Saildrone, Sea.AI, Buffalo Automation, IBM, Microsoft, Ocean Cleanup, and Veolia Groupleverage AI-driven solutions for real-time environmental monitoring, predictive climate modeling, autonomous navigation, and circular waste management. Key insights reveal that AI enables data-driven decision-making, reduces carbon emissions, enhances operational efficiency, and supports closed-loop recycling systems, while confronting challenges related to data integration, regulatory frameworks, and economic viability. Policy implications highlight the urgent need for adaptive regulations, open data ecosystems, and public-private partnerships to scale smart marine ecosystems globally. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Human-Centric Innovation: Building Sustainable Organizations for Industry 5.0
Human-centric innovation is paramount in building sustainable organizations in the era of Industry 5.0. As businesses transition from purely technology- driven models to those that integrate human creativity and advanced technologies, a new paradigm emergesone that places human well- being, ethical considerations, and sustainability at its core. This article delves into how organizations can leverage human- centric innovation to create more sustainable business practices, addressing environmental, social, and economic challenges. It discusses strategies such as empowering employees through inclusive decision- making, adopting design thinking to foster sustainable product development, and using digital tools that enhance both productivity and human health. By embracing a human- centered approach, organizations can achieve a balance between technological advancement and alignment with broader societal goals. This approach is crucial for navigating the complexities of Industry 5.0 and fostering sustainable growth in an increasingly interconnected world. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Human-Centric Innovation: Building Sustainable Organizations for Industry 5.0
Human-centric innovation is paramount in building sustainable organizations in the era of Industry 5.0. As businesses transition from purely technology- driven models to those that integrate human creativity and advanced technologies, a new paradigm emergesone that places human well- being, ethical considerations, and sustainability at its core. This article delves into how organizations can leverage human- centric innovation to create more sustainable business practices, addressing environmental, social, and economic challenges. It discusses strategies such as empowering employees through inclusive decision- making, adopting design thinking to foster sustainable product development, and using digital tools that enhance both productivity and human health. By embracing a human- centered approach, organizations can achieve a balance between technological advancement and alignment with broader societal goals. This approach is crucial for navigating the complexities of Industry 5.0 and fostering sustainable growth in an increasingly interconnected world. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Revolutionizing High-Frequency Trading: The Impacts of Financial Technology and Data Science Innovations
This paper provides a comprehensive review of various High- Frequency Trading (HFT) strategies and the cutting- edge technologies that underpin them. It explores the latest advancements in financial data science, machine learning, and AI, highlighting their transformative role in reshaping modern trading practices. The paper delves into the algorithmic approaches employed by HFT firms and stock exchanges, including predictive analytics, time- series analysis, pattern recognition, sentiment analysis, and risk management techniques. Through a series of case studies, the paper examines successful implementations of HFT technologies at global exchanges such as the NYSE, NASDAQ, LSE, TSE, and Euronext. It also considers the regulatory and ethical implications of HFT, emphasizing the need for balance between technological innovation, market stability, and fairness. By analyzing these advancements, the paper sheds light on the future trajectory of HFT and its broader impact on financial markets. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Implementing the Happy Wisdom Framework in Modern Workplaces: Nurturing Joyful Insights
Happiness in the form of pleasant moods and emotions, well- being, and positive attitudes has been attracting increasing attention throughout psychology research. This chapter introduces the happy wisdom framework, an integrative approach designed to nurture joyful insights and address the multifaceted challenges of modern workplaces. By combining the principles of wisdom and happiness, the authors propose a comprehensive strategy for enhancing individual well- being, team dynamics, and organizational culture. The framework builds on established conceptualizations of wisdom and happiness, drawing from extensive theoretical and empirical research. It identifies key workplace issues at different levels, including individual stress and lack of meaning, team incivility and abusive supervision, and organizational deficits in ethical, social, and environmental responsibility. The chapter concludes by presenting practical insights and recommendations for integrating the happy wisdom framework into workplace practices that benefit employees and organizations alike. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Scaling up women-led businesses: A critical analysis of crowdfunding and alternative financing models
Women-led businesses have gained significant traction globally, yet many still face barriers to accessing traditional forms of financing. Crowdfunding and alternative financing models present new opportunities for these entrepreneurs to scale up and grow their ventures. This study critically examines how these models impact the growth, profitability, and long-term sustainability of women-led businesses. It identifies both the advantages and limitations of using crowdfunding and alternative financing mechanisms, such as peer-to-peer lending and microfinance, in fostering entrepreneurial success. The research further explores the challenges women entrepreneurs encounter in adopting these models, including the gender bias present in many crowdfunding platforms. This paper presents actionable solutions for improving the effectiveness of alternative financing in supporting women-led businesses. The study's findings contribute to both academic research and practical business strategies, offering a roadmap for empowering women entrepreneurs in the evolving financial landscape. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
E-government and e-governance: Driving digital transformation in public administration
E-Governance is crucial for enhancing government efficiency, transparency, and accessibility by digitizing public services and processes. This article explores the pivotal role of e-Government and e-Governance in transforming public administration through digital technologies. It examines how governments worldwide are leveraging information and communication technologies (ICTs) to improve the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of public services. The study addresses key challenges such as the digital divide, cybersecurity, and the adoption of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain in governance. Through a comprehensive review of e-Government initiatives and their impact on public sector efficiency, this paper offers solutions and recommendations for policymakers and highlights the broader implications for both academia and industry. Future research directions are also proposed to advance the understanding of digital governance frameworks in a rapidly evolving technological landscape. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
AI-Powered Ergonomics: Transforming Workplace Health and Safety
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into workplace ergonomics is revolutionizing the approach to employee health and safety. AI-powered ergonomic solutions leverage advanced data analytics, machine learning algorithms, and real-time monitoring to optimize workplace design, predict risks, and minimize injury-related costs. This article explores the transformative role of AI in identifying and mitigating ergonomic risks, particularly musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and repetitive strain injuries (RSIs), which remain prevalent across various industries. By using AI-driven wearables, motion sensors, and intelligent software, organizations can continuously analyze worker posture, movements, and environmental conditions, enabling proactive interventions. Additionally, AI models enable personalized recommendations for workplace adjustments, thereby enhancing employee comfort, productivity, and overall well-being. This article emphasizes how AI is reshaping workplace ergonomics, offering a datadriven, predictive approach to injury prevention and fostering a safer environment. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Sustainable e-commerce for Industry 5.0: Leveraging life cycle assessment for greener consumer choices
The rapid growth of e-commerce has transformed consumer behavior, offering unprecedented convenience but also contributing to significant environmental challenges. In the transition towards Industry 5.0, where human-centric and sustainable innovation is paramount, there is an increasing focus on minimizing the ecological footprint of online businesses. This article explores how Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can be leveraged within e-commerce to drive greener consumer choices and sustainable operations. By evaluating the environmental impact of products and services from production to disposal, LCA provides critical insights that can inform eco-friendly decision-making for both businesses and consumers. The study highlights innovative strategies for integrating LCA into e-commerce platforms, enabling transparency, promoting sustainable consumer behavior, and aligning with the ethical imperatives of Industry 5.0. It also examines the role of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and blockchain in optimizing LCA processes and delivering actionable insights. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Building Sustainable Brands: Strategies for Long- Term Market Positioning
Sustainable branding has grown significantly as consumers increasingly favor companies demonstrating genuine commitment to environmental and social responsibility. This article explores strategies for building sustainable brands that can achievelong- term market positioning and differentiation. It outlines key approaches, including crafting a value proposition centered on sustainability, engaging stakeholders across the value chain, and communicating sustainability efforts with transparency and authenticity. The article underscores how these strategies contribute to enhanced brand equity, customer loyalty, and competitive advantage in a marketwhere ethical considerations drive consumer behavior. By examining successful case studies, the article provides actionable insights for businesses looking to integrate sustainability into their core brand strategy. Ultimately, it argues that sustainable branding is not only crucial for meeting contemporary consumer expectations and fostering positive social impact ensuring that brands remain relevant and resilient in an evolving marketplace. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
HR 4.0: Integrating AI and automation in human resource development
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation within Human resource development (HRD) under the concept of HR 4.0 are revolutionizing HR practices by enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and strategic decision-making. These technologies transform key HRD processes such as training, talent management, and employee engagement, driving organizational success. This study systematically reviews the integration of AI and automation practices within Human resource development under the concept of HR 4.0. It examines how these technologies are transforming HRD practices, including training, talent management, performance evaluation, and employee engagement. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature from library data from published electronic and printed databases, the study identifies key trends, benefits, and challenges associated with artificial intelligence and automation techniques in Human Resource Development practices. The narrative synthesis of findings reveals the profound impact of these technologies on improving efficiency, accuracy, and strategic decision-making in HRD processes. Furthermore, the review highlights ethical considerations, such as data privacy and algorithmic bias, and offers practical insights for HRD practitioners aiming to leverage AI and automation effectively. It also recognizes research gaps and suggests future research directions to further explore the potential of Artificial Intelligence and automation in enhancing human resource development. 2026 Pushan Kumar Dutta, Amarnath Padhi, Sulagna Das, Vinod Kr Sharma and Poshan Yu. All rights reserved. -
Building Resilient Portfolios: Integrating Climate and Environmental Risks into Portfolio Diversification Strategies in the Modern Era
In the modern era, integrating climate and environmental risks into portfolio diversification is crucial for building resilient investment strategies. This chapter explores strategies for building resilient investment portfolios by integrating climate and environmental risks into portfolio diversification strategies. It aims to provide a comprehensive framework for balancing financial returns with sustainable, long-term environmental goals in the context of the modern investment landscape. The chapter reviews innovative financial instruments, such as green bonds and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) strategies, and examines case studies of successful integration within both developed and emerging markets. The chapter finds that incorporating climate and environmental risks into portfolio strategies not only enhances resilience but also presents new opportunities for sustainable growth. Successful approaches include active engagement with ESG criteria, the use of environmental risk assessments, and the adoption of climate-aware investment products. The chapter faces limitations in the availability of ESG data across markets, which affects the generalization of research outcomes. Future studies need to establish advanced mathematical models for better assessing environmental hazards during portfolio spread assessment. For investors and portfolio managers, the research provides actionable insights into integrating climate and environmental considerations into their strategies. It recommends adopting robust risk management tools, enhancing transparency in ESG reporting, and fostering collaboration with policymakers to create a more climateresilient financial ecosystem. It is valuable for investors, financial institutions, and policymakers seeking to adapt to the challenges of a rapidly changing climate while ensuring sustainable economic growth. 2026 Afzalur Rahman, Shakeb Akhtar, Mahfooz Alam, and Mohsin Khan and 2026 The authors.