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Smart Air Pollution Monitoring System Using Arduino Based on Wireless Sensor Networks
Impurity levels in air have risen throughout time as a result of several reasons, such as population expansion, increased automobile use, industry, and urbanization. All of these elements harm the health of individuals who are exposed to them, which has a detrimental effect on human well-being. We will create an air pollution monitoring system based on an IoT that uses a Internet server to track the air quality online in order to keep track of everything. An alert will sound when the level of harmful gases such CO2, smoking, alcohol, benzene, and NH3 is high enough or when the air quality drops below a specified threshold. The air quality will be displayed on the LCD in PPM. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Applications of Classification and Recommendation Techniques to Analyze Soil Data and Water Using IOT
As we are moving to a computerized and scientific world, data becomes an intrinsic part of our life. Agriculture sector is still unorganized with regard to automation and data analytics. This task is accomplished through sensors, data mining and analysis. In this paper, we propose real-time sensors to detect the soil features and predict the suitable crop cultivation using trained dataset. This would help the farmers to predict the type of cultivation to be done depending on the soil features. Today, the farmer can understand what type of cultivation will be prepared in the soil. Also, people of the upcoming generation will be using that sensor, different plant can be make. The cost of cultivation can be improved. Water level of the soil can be easily predicted. Which type of plant will be produced in the different soil can be predicted. So, this new type of cultivation followed by the next generation also. This paper has presented an improved by the pH sensor, water level sensor. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Leaf Disease Analysis and Crop Suggestion Based on Soil Classification
Agriculture is a major contributor to the Indian financial system. As we realize approximately 60% of the population of Indiansrely on agriculture. Nowadays among the farmers who are educated, people also do agriculture. Farmers are dealing with problems related to low earningsbecause of loss of productivity. Farmers are thinking in the event that they use extra fertilizers they may get a precise yield, but it can grow the greater funding. If they do like this the bodily properties of soil may additionally decrease, and they are able to get the expected yield. To conquer this trouble, farmers have to realize which crop might healthy the specific piece of land. If they pick out the right sort of crop that is cultivated then robotically, the yield of the crop will grow. Hence, crop advice systems can be very beneficial to farmers. The yield of the crop can also depend on many factors like pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and rainfall. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Design and characterization of SrO2-CMC-Dcar nanocomposite with enhanced antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities
HeLa cervical cancer cells exhibit high aggressiveness and proliferation, highlighting the need for novel therapies. Nanocomposite synthesis offers a promising approach due to its enhanced bioavailability, targeted delivery, and selective cytotoxicity. Thus, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and D-carvone (Dcar)-coated strontium oxide (SrO2) (SrO2-CMC-Dcar) nanocomposite were synthesized using a wet chemical method. Structural and morphological characterization using XRD, FTIR, PL spectroscopy, DLS, HRTEM, and XPS confirmed the successful synthesis of the nanocomposite. XRD analysis revealed that the crystallite sizes of SrO2 and SrO2-CMC-Dcar were 38nm and 29nm, respectively. PL spectra revealed prominent green emission at 516, 524, and 535nm, indicating that oxygen vacancies are associated with ROS generation. DLS analysis revealed that pure SrO2 exhibited a particle size distribution of 128.7nm, while the SrO2-CMC-Dcar nanocomposite showed an increased size of 244.80nm. The nanocomposite demonstrated an enhanced antimicrobial activity against MRSA and Candida albicans when compared to SrO2 alone. Furthermore, MTT assay results revealed that the SrO2CMCDcar composite significantly decreased HeLa cell viability to 11.94%, and the IC50 value was found to be 50.2 and 39.7 for SrO2 and nanocomposite SrO2-CMC-Dcar, respectively, confirming it enhanced anticancer potential. In addition, the SrO2-CMC-Dcar nanocomposite exhibited enhanced antioxidant properties demonstrated by DPPH free radical scavenging assays. These findings suggest that the SrO2-CMC-Dcar nanocomposite holds promise for therapeutic applications in combating cancer, microbial infections, and oxidative stress. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Expressions of Women Survivors of Domestic Violence: Idioms of Distress
Domestic violence is prevalent worldwide; however, there are cultural differences in womens experiences of this phenomenon. This study used the concept of idioms of distress, to understand the impact of domestic violence on women survivors in India. A qualitative method was adopted, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with six women survivors of domestic violence. Using thematic network analysis, one global theme, four organizing themes and 19 basic themes emerged. The idioms of distress identified included, physiological idioms (such as aches and pains, nutritional deficiencies, reproductive), psychological idioms (such as depression, low self-confidence, change in aspirations and ambitions, mistrust, rumination) and behavioral idioms (such as crying, withdrawal, irritability, disturbed sleep). Of all the idioms, only nutritional deficiencies and the reproductive idioms were of concern to the survivors and their marital family. Implications for improving the screening of domestic violence are discussed based on the identified idioms and the responses toward them. 2019, National Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India. -
Simulation study of droplet formation in inkjet printing using ANSYS FLUENT
Flow simulations of jetting of inkjet drops are presented for water and ethylene glycol. In the inkjet printing process, droplet jetting behaviour is the deciding parameter for print quality. The multiphase volume of fluid (VOF) method is used because the interaction between two phases (air and liquid) is involved in the drop formation process. The commercial inkjet printer has a nozzle diameter of ~73.2?m. In this work, a simulation model of inkjet printer nozzles with different diameters 40?m, 60?m, and 80?m are developed using ANSYS FLUENT software. It is observed that when water is taken as solvent then the stable droplets are generated at 60?m nozzle diameter till 9?s because of its low viscosity. For higher diameter, the stamen formation is observed. Ethylene glycol stable droplets are achieved at 80?m nozzle diameter till 9?s because of their high viscosity (~10 times that of water). Along with the droplet formation, the sustainability of the droplet in the air before reaching the substrate is also important. The simulation model is an inexpensive, fast, and flexible alternative to study the ink characteristics of the real-world system without wasting resources. 2022 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Direct ink writing of nickel oxide-based thin films for room temperature gas detection
The rapid industrial growth and increasing population have led to significant pollution and deterioration of the natural atmospheric environment. Major atmospheric pollutants include NO2 and CO2. Hence, it is imperative to develop NO2 and CO2 sensors for ambient conditions, that can be used in indoor air quality monitoring, breath analysis, food spoilage detection, etc. In the present study, two thin film nanocomposite (nickel oxide-graphene and nickel oxide-silver nanowires) gas sensors are fabricated using direct ink writing. The nano-composites are investigated for their structural, optical, and electrical properties. Later the nano-composite is deposited on the interdigitated electrode (IDE) pattern to form NO2 and CO2 sensors. The deposited films are then exposed to NO2 and CO2 gases separately and their response and recovery times are determined using a custom-built gas sensing setup. Nickel oxide-graphene provides a good response time and recovery time of 10 and 9 s, respectively for NO2, due to the higher electron affinity of graphene towards NO2. Nickel oxide-silver nanowire nano-composite is suited for CO2 gas because silver is an excellent electrocatalyst for CO2 by giving response and recovery times of 11 s each. This is the first report showcasing NiO nano-composites for NO2 and CO2 sensing at room temperature. 2025 Chinese Institute of Electronics. -
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF NICKEL-GRAPHENE COMPOSITE INKS FOR JETTING PROPERTIES IN INKJET PRINTING
The droplet formation process in inkjet printing is studied numerically and verified through a simulation model. The droplet formation process decides the printing quality of the coating, and a mathematical model is developed to understand the complete process from droplet formation to detachment. The Navier-Stokes equation is used to mathematically derive the droplet radius (rnumerical). COMSOL multiphysics is used for simulation and the radius (rsimulation) is calculated from the droplet mass. The rnumerical and rsimulation are compared for inks containing nickel, graphene, and nickel-graphene composite ink it is observed that the composite ink radiuses have the lowest difference (rsimulation - rnumerical = 0.085 m). A droplet is formed at 1.47 mm from the nozzle inlet, for nickel-graphene ink, and after 1.5mm for other pristine inks. The results are verified through Z number, velocity profile, and droplet mass. The droplet formation observed from the velocity profile is earliest at 120 s. It is seen that a stable droplet is generated at 100s for nickel-graphene ink and at 200 s for individual inks. 2024 Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya. All rights reserved. -
Formulation of Nickel OxideGraphene Composite Ink and the Fabrication of Thin-Film Electrodes Using Direct Ink Writing
Nickel oxide (NiO) is a p-type material with a wide bandgap of 3.6 to 4eV, and graphene is a zero-bandgap material. When the two materials are combined to form a composite, their structural, optical, and electrical properties are enhanced. This work presents the formulation of nickel oxide (NiO)graphene composite ink (with ethylene glycol as a solvent) for the fabrication of thin-film electrodes using a direct ink writing technique. NiO is used in nanopowder form, which is prepared via a wet-chemical approach. NiO ink is prepared in three different concentrations of 40mg/ml (N1), 60mg/ml (N2), and 70mg/ml (N3). Graphene ink (G) is also prepared in concentrations of 0.5mg/ml (G1), 1mg/ml (G2), and 2mg/ml (G3). Among the pure NiO inks, it was observed that low resistance and uniform printing were obtained for N2. Therefore, N2 is mixed with different concentrations of graphene to form the composite ink, which is further printed on the substrates. The rheological properties of all the formulated inks are measured. An extrusion-based direct-write system is employed for printing the inks on a glass substrate. The printed samples are characterized before and after annealing at 250C for 2h. The resistance of the composite ink (N2G1) is decreased by 53% in comparison with the pure NiO ink (N2). As the conductivity of the composite ink thin film is in the range of M?, they could find application in the field of gas sensing and thermistors. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2024. -
Design and Implementation of an Optimized Mask RCNN Model for Liver Tumour Prediction and Segmentation
Segmentation of liver tumour is a tedious job due to their large variation in location and closeness to nearby organs. In this research, a novel Mask RCNN prototype is developed which uses ResNet-50 model. The architecture utilizes the masked location of convolution neural network to precisely detect liver tumours by recognizing liver sites to deal with changes in liver and CT snaps with distinct metrics. The preprocessed CT scans are subjected to ResNet-50 model. The data samples used here comprises 130 instances recorded from several clinical sites that are publicly available on the LiTS weblink. The designed model upon deployment generates a promising outcome thereby obtaining a DSC of 0.97%. Thus, we can conclude that the developed model is capable enough to accurately assess liver tumours and thus help patients in early diagnosis. 2023 IEEE. -
Enhancing Digital Citizenship Through Secure Identification Technologies in the Global Unified Digital Passport
Passports play a vital role in enabling international movement and security, as well as confirming one's identity. However, the existing passport system has many problems and limitations, such as identity fraud, passport falsification, human smuggling, terrorism, and border control. Despite the fast growth and adoption of digital technologies in various fields, the passport system has not been able to adapt to the changing demands and expectations of the global community. Therefore, there is a pressing need to investigate and develop a digital passport and verification system that can address the shortcomings of the conventional passport system and provide a more safe, convenient, and effective way of managing and verifying the identity and travel history of individuals across the world. This paper presents the solution and requirement for the development of a digital passport system that can be applied globally and universally. The paper proposes a conceptual framework and a technical architecture for the digital passport system, based on the principles of blockchain, biometrics, and cryptography. The paper also discusses the possible benefits, challenges, and implications of the digital passport system for various stakeholders, such as travelers, governments, airlines, and immigration authorities. The paper aims to contribute to the research and innovation of digital identity and citizenship, as well as to the progress of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) related to peace, justice, and strong institutions. 2024 IEEE. -
Innovation Through Collaboration Leveraging Knowledge Sharing for Global R&D Success
Innovation today thrives on collaboration and knowledge sharing, making research and development (R&D) a collective effort rather than an isolated pursuit. Organizations, governments, and research institutions worldwide rely on crossborder partnerships to drive technological advancements. This chapter explores the role of knowledge sharing in global R&D, highlighting digital platforms, AI, and open innovation models that facilitate collaboration. Despite its benefits, challenges such as intellectual property concerns, cultural differences, and trust deficits hinder knowledge exchange. Through case studies and best practices, this chapter examines strategies for overcoming barriers while ensuring sustainable innovation. By integrating technological tools and governance frameworks, organizations can enhance R&D outcomes and maintain a competitive edge in a rapidly evolving landscape. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Direct ink writing of nickel oxide-based thin films for room temperature gas detection
The rapid industrial growth and increasing population have led to significant pollution and deterioration of the natural atmospheric environment. Major atmospheric pollutants include NO2 and CO2. Hence, it is imperative to develop NO2 and CO2 sensors for ambient conditions, that can be used in indoor air quality monitoring, breath analysis, food spoilage detection, etc. In the present study, two thin film nanocomposite (nickel oxide-graphene and nickel oxide-silver nanowires) gas sensors are fabricated using direct ink writing. The nano-composites are investigated for their structural, optical, and electrical properties. Later the nano-composite is deposited on the interdigitated electrode (IDE) pattern to form NO2 and CO2 sensors. The deposited films are then exposed to NO2 and CO2 gases separately and their response and recovery times are determined using a custom-built gas sensing setup. Nickel oxide-graphene provides a good response time and recovery time of 10 and 9 s, respectively for NO2, due to the higher electron affinity of graphene towards NO2. Nickel oxide-silver nanowire nano-composite is suited for CO2 gas because silver is an excellent electrocatalyst for CO2 by giving response and recovery times of 11 s each. This is the first report showcasing NiO nano-composites for NO2 and CO2 sensing at room temperature. 2025 Chinese Institute of Electronics. -
Mathematical Capabilities of LLMs
Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to solve mathematical problems well, but little has been investigated. In this research, we evaluate five leading LLMs - (Gemini, Claude, Mistral, ChatGPT, and Llama - on a set of 50 mathematical problems that cover calculus, algebra, geometry, number theory, and probability. Finally, the study evaluates the accuracy of their solutions and gives the ability to assess their intermediate steps correctly. I created a primary dataset for comparison of the LLM performances and ranked the models according to how well they were able to solve those problems. It illustrates the shortcomings of present LLMs at reasoning and solving for mathematics and suggests what needs to be rectified in the LLMs. Future research will further refine this dataset and monitor the progression of LLM capabilities in solving more complex mathematical problems. 2025 IEEE. -
Targeting Metabolic Reprogramming: A New Frontier in Cancer Therapy
Cancer cells undergo profound metabolic reprogramming to meet the high demands of unchecked proliferation within the nutrient-limited tumor microenvironment (TME). While fundamental metabolic pathways are conserved, cancer cells exhibit distinct metabolic fluxes and substrate preferences, meticulously dictated by genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental cues that reshape enzyme and transporter profiles. This metabolic rewiring sculpts the TME, fostering both competition and cooperation, often favoring tumor-promoting stromal components (cancer-associated fibroblasts, M2 tumor-associated macrophages), and hinders antitumor immunity. Targeting aberrant cancer metabolism and originating interactions in TME presents a promising therapeutic avenue. However, the inherent metabolic heterogeneity across malignancies necessitates personalized combination therapies and continued research to efficiently target this key cancer hallmark. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
A Hybrid Ensemble Model Combining Machine Learning and Fuzzy Logic for Robust Stress Level Detection
Accurate stress detection remains challenging because stress manifests differently across diverse populations. This research presents a novel hybrid approach that combines four machine learning classifiers - XGBoost, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Logistic Regression - with an enhanced fuzzy logic system through weighted voting. The study employed a comprehensive dataset comprising over 1,100 samples containing more than 45 features that capture psychological, academic, social, physical, and environmental stress indicators. The results demonstrate that the ensemble achieves 87.27% accuracy with statistically significant improvements over individual models (p0.001). The approach maintains strong performance when 10% noise is injected or missing data is simulated, and provides well-calibrated probability estimates that could support clinical decision-making. 2025 IEEE. -
Evidence-Based Interventions for Improved Psychosocial Outcomes in Harmful Alcohol Use: A Scoping Review
Background. Harmful alcohol use is defined as a drinking pattern that lasts at least one month or has occurred often during the preceding 12 months and that negatively impacts multiple facets of life. It has a high recurrence rate and a poor prognosis, despite the availability of cognitive-behavioral and psychosocial therapy. Emerging neuromodulation techniques for treating harmful alcohol use are gaining traction in the field of psychotherapy, but knowing their efficacy in terms of psychosocial outcomes necessitates an adjuvant approach. This scoping review aims to investigate the existing evidence on the effectiveness of various psychosocial interventions that improve quality of life (QoL) dimensions in conjunction with neurotherapies for individuals with harmful alcohol use. Methods. The review utilized a five-stage technique to search for research papers from 2000 to 2022. After screening and reviewing 41 full-text papers, 29 were found to meet the inclusion criteria. Conclusion. The articles highlighted the advantages of integrated therapeutic interventions such as motivation enhancement therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, neurotherapy, multimodal therapy, supportive therapy, and 12-step facilitation programs. However, limited studies have explored the effectiveness of combining neurotherapy with psychosocial interventions. Implications. Future research should focus on the efficacy of combining neurofeedback with psychosocial therapies to improve QoL for individuals with harmful alcohol use. 2024. Thakuria and Bennett. -
Economic resilience in the face of pandemic: a holistic mathematical analysis of the pandemic in India
COVID-19 was initiated in 2020 and caused an immediate threat to global countries in terms of both economic and health influences. In this present work, we extend the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model by considering two new variables, gross domestic product or GDP (G) and unemployment (U), to study the impact of this epidemic on the Indian economy during the 20202023 period. Since our extended SIR model includes two novel compartments, which are GDP and unemployment rate, we can now explore in more detail the sophisticated relationship between health and economic matters. The framework allows us to investigate the following consequences: how changes in the infection rate affect the economy and how changes in GDP and unemployment translate into the spread of this contagion. These visualizations are based on real-time quarterly data and provide full knowledge of the interaction between health and economic dynamics during the COVID-19 crisis in India. Government initiatives and regulations are also reviewed for their efficiency to contain the virus while taming the economic cost. Real-world results are contrasted with the care to find the strengths and weaknesses of the policies that come out with the underlying assumptions in the model. This paper, in other words, deploys an in-depth analysis of the convoluted links between economics, policy, and public health in the face of a pandemic with a geographic focus in India. 2025 by the authors. -
A study on deg-centric graphs
The deg-centric graph of a simple, connected graph G, denoted by Gd, is a graph constructed from G such that, V (Gd) = V (G) and E(Gd) = {vivj: dG(vi, vj) ? degG(vi)}. This paper introduces and discusses the concepts of deg-centric graphs and iterated deg-centrication of a graph. (2024), (Universidad Catolica del Norte). All rights reserved. -
A STUDY ON COARSE DEG-CENTRIC GRAPHS
The coarse deg-centric graph of a simple, connected graph G, denoted by Gcd, is a graph constructed from G such that V (Gcd) = V (G) and E(Gcd) = {vi vj: dG (vi, vj) > degG (vi)}. This paper introduces and discusses the concepts of coarse deg-centric graphs and iterated coarse deg-centrication of a graph. It also presents the properties and structural characteristics of coarse deg-centric graphs of some graph families. 2024, Canadian University of Dubai. All rights reserved.