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The interval valued fuzzy graph associated with a Crisp graph
We define the interval valued fuzzy graph (IVFG) associated with a crisp graph based on the degrees of the nodes of the crisp graph and study its various properties. The nature of arcs of the IVFG associated with a crisp graph can be determined if the adjacency matrix of the crisp graph is given. We show that the IVFG associated with a regular graph is regular, totally regular, edge regular and totally edge regular, but the IVFG associated with a complete graph is not a complete IVFG. We prove that the IVFG associated with Cn, n ? 3 is an interval valued fuzzy cycle and the IVFG associated with the wheel graph Wn, n ? 5 is an interval valued fuzzy tree. 2021 Forum-Editrice Universitaria Udinese SRL. All rights reserved. -
The Jesuit educational mission in rural Chotanagpur, India: historical achievements and contemporary challenges
Jesuit schools, in particular, have been known for a long time to be centres of learning in Chotanagpur area, India, where tremendous efforts were made to achieve a high level of academic excellence; yet it appears that this legacy is not being sustained among rural, tribal, vernacular schools of Chotanagpur these days because of varied reasons. In addition, it is observed that the agents of education, namely teachers, working in these schools have ceased to represent desirable attitudes (psychological wellbeing and affective commitment) which are essential for the teaching-learning process. If Jesuits want to maintain relevant and inspirational education in Chotanagpur, then they need to discern, decide, and dedicate themselves to guarantee teachers psychological well-being and affective commitment so that teachers can become creators of the Jesuit education ethos. Against this backdrop, the present research paper discusses the scenario of Jesuit run rural schools in Chotanagpur its historical achievements and contemporary challenges. In addition, practical implications and recommendations for a better future are discussed. 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
The Jigsaw of Capital Structure
European Journal of Business and Management Vol. 5, No.13, pp. 192-197, ISSN No. 2222-288X -
The Kerala, India Experience of Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic
Kerala, a southwestern state of India, reported the first COVID-19 case in India. Its alert health department went into a detailed preparation to face the pandemic and its related effects. Kerala soon earned international attention for its handling of the COVID-19 emergency. Some of the factors that are outstanding about Kerala, apart from its achievements in education and healthcare, are decentralized governance, active public involvement, and a high level of womens participation. This chapter explores Keralas COVID-19 crisis management during the first phase of the pandemic. It explains how the welfare system of Kerala, which is the outcome of the years of accountable governance, has worked to provide a protective safety net to the people of Kerala. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. -
The Latest Technology and its Integration for the Development of Healthcare(Medical)
Healthcare advances that use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to analyze data, use devices, and identify patients offer new possibilities for better patient care, cutting costs, and growing the medical sector. The age of specialized human health tests has begun. It uses noninvasive instruments, sound, visual the use of photography, electronic health tools, embedded health instruments, fluidic diagnostic tracking, and combined data analysis to provide people with tailored medical suggestions. These technologies contribute to early identification and comprehending of health issues linked to chronic illnesses and general health using information analysis and AI-driven ideas. Notable uses include a Parkinson's and Huntington's Under certain circumstances, diabetes, cancer, kidney disease, heart problems, elderly care, and a number of healthcare areas. Industry changes are expected as a result of the latest breakthroughs in outdoor monitors, AI-driven evaluation of data, and healthcare testing technologies. AI systems give data to people and health workers, possibly better their way of life and cutting healthcare costs. These include: tracking the effectiveness of medicines, finding chronic illnesses early, and offering individualized care using medical trends and DNA. In relation to healthcare studies and sensor tracking, this study explains new technologies and advances in diverse fusion methods, materials, and processes. Precise diagnostic info, small merchandise dimensions, and cost are high considerations. Healthcare workers, patients, consumers all benefit from more personal health care services thanks to the merging of AI with information streams. The text highlights both advantages and hurdles while showing the way toward upcoming displays and academic papers that follow a path of growth in the industry. 2024 IEEE. -
The Learning Organization for attaining inclusive growth: A new paradigm for the emerging educational market
This chapter aims to apply the concept of the learning organization for the higher educational institutions (HEIs) for attaining inclusive growth. For the theoretical underpinning, the concept of the professional learning community has been considered because there exists only a very thin difference with the learning organization concept. The researchers used a qualitative approach to analyze the literature resources to find the most promising variables associated with the learning organization and used Dedoose (qualitative software) to select the variables. It is found that variables such as knowledge management, inspired learning, team learning, and transcending organizational boundaries are the most important variables associated with a learning organization. The corporates which have implemented LO have been very successful and one of them is Royal Dutch Shell. The Indian Higher Educational Institutions are the backbone of the Indian economy. However, there is no yardstick to measure success. LO can be implemented to check the growth. This research work will serve as a base for motivating future researchers to make use of the LO concept for drafting educational policy for inclusive growth. If all HEIs are learning organizations, India will soon be a highly rich country. Indian HEI has not practised the concept of learning organization. Henceforth, the suggestions and recommendations will be a new yardstick, which can be used to measure the present status and to frame strategies to improvise and scale success. 2022 selection and editorial matter, Sudhir Rana and Avinash K Shrivastava. -
The Legal and Ethical Guiding Principle of Artificial Intelligence in Smart Healthcare Systems
The relationship between life and technology has been a constant theme throughout history, with healthcare being a significant industry that has seen considerable advancements. The Digital Revolution in the health sector is increasing reliance on emerging technology, including Artificial Intelligence (AI). This chapter explores the advancement of technology in healthcare and its link with Intellectual Property Management. It traces the evolution of AI in healthcare and explores the legal and ethical issues surrounding its implementation in smart healthcare systems. The authors assess existing regulatory frameworks and suggest recommendations for integrating AI into healthcare while adhering to ethical standards and legal limitations. They also discuss the process of creative destruction leading to accelerated innovation, particularly in the rapid ramping up of digital health capabilities. The chapter also addresses significant legal and ethical problems in AI-powered healthcare, such as patient privacy, data security, liability, and algorithmic prejudice. The authors propose guidelines for policymakers, healthcare providers, and AI developers to create AI applications that comply with legal standards and uphold ethical principles, promoting trust and safety in smart healthcare systems. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
The Legal Architecture of Energy Diplomacy: India-China Pathways Toward Green Governance and Sustainable Transitions
This chapter explores the evolving legal architecture of energy diplomacy through a comparative lens on India and China, focusing on how both states navigate the intersection of foreign policy, sustainability obligations, and clean technology governance. Drawing on a systematic review and thematic content analysis, it examines how both states navigate this intersection. It shows that energy diplomacy has shifted from a geopolitical tool to a legal and technological instrument shaping national and transnational green transitions. The analysis synthesizes treaty law, national frameworks, and case law to reveal gaps and convergence in climate accountability, technology transfer, and environmental justice. This chapter proposes Green Law Diplomacy as a normative pillar of international governance, advocating for binding legal mechanisms over voluntary climate pledges to ensure equitable and sustainable transitions. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The LimbuTamang Communities of Sikkim History and Future of Their Demand for Reservation
Since its merger in 1975 with the Indian union, one of the major sociopolitical issues in Sikkim has been the demand for reservation in the state legislative assembly for two communitiesLimbu and Tamang. The demand of reservation for the Limbus and Tamangs crystallised in Sikkim when these communities were notified as Scheduled Tribes under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 2002. The history and future of this political demand has been analysed. 2023 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
The limits of AI in teaching partition literature: A critical perspective on the risks of algorithmic interpretation in sensitive historical contexts
The application of generative AI in the classroom is transforming conventional methods of literary analysis and instruction, but it also raises serious concerns and limitations. This chapter critically examines these limitations within the context of teaching 1947 Partition literature in Indian college classrooms. Using a qualitative and experimental methodology, the chapter analyzes AI-generated responses to Partition narratives, revealing ChatGPT's inability to capture the historical trauma, moral accountability, and cultural depth embedded in these texts. Findings show that AI-generated interpretations often flatten complex human experiences and reduces them to simplistic patterns or generalized tropes. The chapter argues that such algorithmic interpretations risk distorting historical memory and promoting academic irresponsibility. By exposing these flaws, the chapter contributes to current debates on AI in higher education and calls for human-led literary analysis in contexts marked by deep historical and cultural trauma. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The linkage between green banking practices and green loyalty: A customer perspective
The aim of this study is to explore the bank customers perceptions towards green banking practices. This study uses a convenient sampling method. Pre-tested questionnaires were employed to collect data. The data were collected conveniently from 358 bank customers. However, the final sample includes 304 responses after ignoring null responses (n = 304). The Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied for the analyses. The significant results of the study indicate that green banking practices positively influence green image (p = 0.001) and green trust (p = 0.025), while it does not significantly affect green loyalty (p = 0.642). The mediation analysis reveals that green image mediates the relationship between green banking practices and green loyalty, while green trust does not mediate the relationship between the same. The results have practical implications for banking institutions in India to recognize the importance of environmental initiatives in influencing the decisions of bank customers. Deepthi S. Pawar, Jothi Munuswamy, 2022. -
The Linkage Between the Determinants of Sustainable Growth and Energy-Efficient Consumption to Sustainable Development: A Cross-Country Analysis
The research explores the determinants of sustainable development, highlighting the impact of sustainable growth and energy-efficient consumption. Furthermore, individually analyzing the factors influencing sustainable development, sustainable growth and energy-efficient consumption. Using secondary data sources for 19 variables, the study analyzed it for the G20 nations excluding the European Union. Nevertheless, the findings conclude that a positive relationship between sustainable growth and energy-efficient consumption contributes to sustainable development. Including macroeconomic, spatial and socio-economic variables as control variables enhances the studys findings by unravelling a unique perspective and relationship between these variables on sustainable development. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
The linkage of sustainable development and spirituality at workspace from the perspectives of university teachers
Purpose Sustainability and spirituality are interrelated concepts that hold immense importance in todays world. The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of spirituality (and its dimensions) on sustainability in the educational sector, in addition to examining the role of socio-demographic factors. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research design was employed using a structured questionnaire. The data were analysed through independent t-tests, analysis of variance, correlation analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) to assess relationships between socio-demographic factors, workspace spirituality and sustainability. Findings The study found no significant differences in sustainability levels across gender, age or years of work experience. However, significant differences in workspace spirituality were observed between males and females, and across different age groups and experience levels. Positive correlations were found between workspace spirituality and dimensions such as compassion, transcendence and meaningful work, while mindfulness showed a negative correlation. SEM results further indicated that compassion and meaningful work positively influence sustainability, while mindfulness negatively affects it. Transcendence, however, showed no significant impact. Research limitations/implications The study highlights the deep interconnection between spirituality and sustainability and how socio-demographic factors shape this relationship. It provides insights for educational institutions to foster spiritually enriching environments that not only enhance academic outcomes but also promote ethical awareness, personal growth and environmental responsibility. Originality/value This research uniquely bridges gaps between spirituality, sustainability and employee demographics, offering practical implications for creating spiritually fulfilling and sustainable workspaces in the educational sector. 2026 Emerald Publishing Limited -
The little I receive is not enough: A qualitative study of food insecurity in the South Bronx
The objective of this study was to explore the lived experiences of food insecurity amongst Bronx residents. Applying a community-based participatory research approach, we conducted a qualitative study, entailing 38 interviews with food pantry recipients, 4 key informant interviews with social service administrators, and two focus groups with 12 food pantry staff and social service providers in New York City (NYC). Applying a precarity framework, we identified three themes: (1) unaffordability of living expenses in NYC; (2) financial hardships during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (3) institutional and technological barriers to food access. We identified the following subthemes under theme one: rising food costs and high cost of living. Under theme two, we identified four subthemes: (a) large household size driving poverty for Bronx families; (b) vulnerabilities to food insecurity among older adults; (c) budgeting for reduced incomes during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (d) managing unstable employment. Under the third theme, we identified three subthemes: (a) lack of access to healthy, culturally appropriate foods; (b) need for wider service availability; (c) and not having smartphones for telehealth. Study findings demonstrate how precarity impacts the lived experiences of food insecurity and financial hardship for residents of the South Bronx during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2024 Association for the Study of Food and Society (ASFS). -
The little I receive is not enough: A qualitative study of food insecurity in the South Bronx
The objective of this study was to explore the lived experiences of food insecurity amongst Bronx residents. Applying a community-based participatory research approach, we conducted a qualitative study, entailing 38 interviews with food pantry recipients, 4 key informant interviews with social service administrators, and two focus groups with 12 food pantry staff and social service providers in New York City (NYC). Applying a precarity framework, we identified three themes: (1) unaffordability of living expenses in NYC; (2) financial hardships during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (3) institutional and technological barriers to food access. We identified the following subthemes under theme one: rising food costs and high cost of living. Under theme two, we identified four subthemes: (a) large household size driving poverty for Bronx families; (b) vulnerabilities to food insecurity among older adults; (c) budgeting for reduced incomes during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (d) managing unstable employment. Under the third theme, we identified three subthemes: (a) lack of access to healthy, culturally appropriate foods; (b) need for wider service availability; (c) and not having smartphones for telehealth. Study findings demonstrate how precarity impacts the lived experiences of food insecurity and financial hardship for residents of the South Bronx during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2024 Association for the Study of Food and Society (ASFS). -
The Lives behind the Luxurious Threads: Beleaguered Sustainability of Kashmirs Pashmina Artisans
Kashmir pashmina, sometimes referred to as "cashmere, in the West, is one of the most valuable cultural artifacts Kashmir has offered for centuries, and continues to be sought after. The fine pure pashmina has maintained its luxury status for centuries and is still a symbol of elegance in the international markets. The pashmina shawl is not just popular for its fiber, but also for the elegant embroidery stitched in myriad colors by skilled artisans. Despite this international acclaim, the pashmina artisans dwell in impoverished conditions and face the ever-growing challenges of power looms. This research article is a study of the social and economic barriers that contribute to the dire living conditions of the active Kashmiri pashmina artisans. Along with examining the deteriorating work condition of the artisans, this paper also looks at how these circumstances have a long-lasting impact on the pashmina shawl industry, thus leading to the degradation of an art form altogether. Finally, this paper studies the declining living conditions of the pashmina artisans by analyzing the data collected through a qualitative study incorporating cultural mapping tools like interviews, personal narratives, and literature review. The sample for the study was collected from Kashmir Haat, Srinagar, Kashmir by the researcher through interviews and discussions. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
The living archive: memory, design-innovation and cross-cultural life of the pashmina shawls
This research explores the history and modern developments within the realm of pashmina shawl craftsmanship. It explores these shawls over time and influences on their design and craftsmanship used in their construction. From their influences rooted in artistic traditions to the challenges they face today. This research explores the evolution of design, with the adoption of floral patterns prevalent in seventeenth-century India by Kashmiri designers and tracing the subsequent development of a distinctive visual language characterized by innovative adaptations. It examines contemporary trends in the industry, illustrating how traditional craftsmanship has adapted to meet the demands of contemporary fashion. Through this analysis, the research aims to provide valuable insights into the enduring allure and evolving nature of the pashmina shawl art. The article discusses how artisans often hesitate to adopt new designs due to concerns about the time and effort involved in crafting these artefacts. However, there is a willingness among artisans to collaborate with professional designers, offering hope for the conservation of pashmina designs and crafting. Today, these shawls continue to connect the past and the present, it reveals how innovation and adaptation have always been central to the craft. In the present, this legacy is kept alive as artisans reimagine heritage patterns for contemporary audiences. 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: mission studies and science case
The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna (LGWA) is a proposed array of next-generation inertial sensors to monitor the response of the Moon to gravitational waves (GWs). Given the size of the Moon and the expected noise produced by the lunar seismic background, the LGWA would be able to observe GWs from about 1 mHz to 1 Hz. This would make the LGWA the missing link between space-borne detectors like LISA with peak sensitivities around a few millihertz and proposed future terrestrial detectors like Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer. In this article, we provide a first comprehensive analysis of the LGWA science case including its multi-messenger aspects and lunar science with LGWA data. We also describe the scientific analyses of the Moon required to plan the LGWA mission. 2025 The Author(s) -
The machine learning algorithms for data science applications
It is going to be data-driven insights and insights-driven decisions and actions for the total humanity. Data is being recognized as the new fuel for any individual, innovator, and institution to envisage and deliver smart and sophisticated services to its clients and customers. Data is being touted as a strategic asset for any enterprise to insightfully plan ahead and provide next-generation offerings and premium services with clarity and confidence. Newer products and solutions can be unearthed and deployed to assist humans in their everyday decisions, deals, and deeds. However, for data to be overwhelmingly beneficial, data getting garnered from multiple places have to be transitioned into information and knowledge. The process for enacting this strategically sound transformation is being continuously updated and upgraded for achieving the required optimization. That is, process excellence is gaining the attention of professors and professionals. Further on, there are scores of automated tools and enabling platforms for empowering this transition activity. Data analytics is being touted as the prime method to extract actionable insights out of data heaps. In the recent past, with the flurry of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, frameworks, libraries, platforms, accelerators, specialized engines, and highperformance processing architectures, AI-enabled data analytics is seeing the reality. Data science is the fast-emerging and evolving domain of study and research for finding viable ways and means that can simplify and streamline the activity of emitting hidden and useful knowledge out of data volumes. In this chapter, we want to dig deeper to spell out the strategic implications of data science technologies, tools, platforms, and infrastructures. Especially how machine learning (ML) algorithms are influencing the futuristic field of data science. The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2022.