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A Study on Labeling Problems in Signed Graphs
A signed graph can be considered as a weighted graph G; that is, edges of G have been given the weights + and and#8722;. We discuss two ways to assign signs to the vertices of a line signed graph of a signed graph, namely S-marking and Canonical marking (C-marking) of L(S). We characterize signed graphs whose line signed graphs are S-cordial or total S-cordial provided the vertices of L(S) receive signs through S-marking. Also, we characterize signed graphs whose line signed graphs are C-cordial or total C-cordial provided the vertices of L(S) receive signs through C-marking. Signed graphs can be eand#64256;ectively used to model relationships and individual preferences toward one another. To represent this scenario we defne a signed graph from a given graph. The colors of the vertices can be used to represent individuals or sets, and the signs on the edges of the graph represent the relationship between them. So, we defne two labelings of a properly colored graph, namely parity labeling of a properly colored graph and product labeling of a properly colored graph. newlineThe parity labeling of a properly colored graph G under and#967;(G) colors is defned by assigning the sign of the edge of G as + if the colors on the adjacent vertices of that edge are both even or both odd, and#8722; otherwise. The obtained signed graph is known as parity colored signed graph of a graph. We characterize signed graphs which admit parity coloring. We also characterized signed graphs whose line signed graphs admit parity coloring. We initiate the study on parity labeling of a properly colored graph and the chromatic rna number of a graph. Also, we defne product labeling of a properly colored graph. The product labeling of a properly colored graph G under and#967;(G) colors is defned by assigning the sign of the edge of G as + if the color of one of the incident vertex of that edge is even, and#8722; otherwise. The obtained signed graph is known as color product signed graph of a graph. We characterize signed graphs which admit color product coloring. -
Analysis of Human Physiological Parameters Using Real-Time HRV Estimation from Acquired ECG Signals
The overall healthiness of the heart can be computed from Electrocardiogram. The healthiness of the heart depends on several lifestyle parameters, like as- stress, sleeping pattern, smoking habit etc. In this paper, an algorithm to determine Heart Rate Variability from the acquired ECG signal on a real-time basis is presented. Impacts of above-stated lifestyle parameters on cardiac health using Heart Rate Variability analysis are also computed. ECG signal gets contaminated with different sources of noises while acquisition. Multi-rate FIR Impulse Filter is used for de-noising of the acquired signal. Heart Rate Variability analysis and real-time plotting are done on de-noised output for accurate feature extraction. A simple robust hardware realizable algorithm was developed for analyzing obtained HRV to state different health conditions of the heart. 2019 IEEE. -
Non invasive methods of blood glucose measurement: Survey, challenges, scope
Noninvasive body parameters monitoring and disease detection is one of the emerging research area now a days. In this paper a review on Non-invasive methods of blood glucose measurement has been made. A comparative study has been made which describes the methodology incorporated in the published literatures, research challenges and the used tools. This paper also describes about the factors which highly impacts the non-invasive measurement. Finally, a deep learning based noninvasive measurement method compatible with IOT is mentioned. This paper serves as a proper reference for future researchers working in non-invasive blood glucose measurement domain in selecting appropriate non-invasive method algorithm for glucose monitoring non-invasively. 2019 Bharati Vidyapeeth, New Delhi. Copy Right in Bulk will be transferred to IEEE by Bharati Vidyapeeth. -
IoT Security with Blockchain Technology in the Financial Sector
Blockchain technology is to create immutable device IDs to stop identity faking whereas Internet of Things (IoT) is used in payment automation and to create smart payment systems. Both are evolving technologies, and their integration offers promising results in financial sector across the globe. Their combination holds a great deal of potential and is going to represent the next generation of smart finance technologies. But the major weaknesses that are present in IoT technologies includes those related to data security, privacy, device authentication, secure communication, and smart contract administration. This chapter focuses on the use of blockchain networks to regulate access and improve security in financial transactions, boost automation and improve efficiency of IoT applications. Blockchain and IoT integration in the financial industry provides a pathway to a more integrated, efficient, and secure financial environment. The chapter discusses the advantages of integrating IoT and Blockchain technologies in the financial sector and the challenges in its applications, and the regulatory mechanism thereof. 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Safeguarding the future through the prevention of cybercrime in the quantum computing era
Quantum computing is an emerging field that holds great promise for solving complex problems at an unprecedented speed by harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics. However, this disruptive technology also introduces new challenges, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity. Quantum computing can lead to cyberattacks such as cryptographic attacks, data breaches, blockchain vulnerabilities, social engineering, and phishing attacks. It is important to note that, at present, these risks are largely theoretical, as practical, large-scale quantum computers capable of breaking current cryptographic systems are not yet available. However, it is crucial for researchers, organisations, and policymakers to anticipate and address these potential threats in advance by developing quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms, improving security protocols, and raising awareness about the evolving landscape of cyberthreats in the quantum computing era. There is a need for preparing safeguard measures form the quantum threat by investing in quantum-safe technologies, training cybersecurity professionals in quantum-resistant techniques, and fostering collaboration among industry, academia, and government entities. As quantum computing progresses, the landscape of cybercrime is expected to evolve, necessitating the development of robust laws to mitigate potential threats. The chapter aims at understanding the intersection of quantum computing and cybercrime, highlighting the potential implications and risks associated with quantum advancements in the context of cybersecurity. The chapter also emphasises the need for proactive measures and policies to mitigate the risks posed by quantum computing to cybersecurity. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Keshav Kumar and Bishwajeet Kumar Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Blockchain application on healthcare services in metaverse
The convergence of blockchain technology and the metaverse is ushering in a transformative era for healthcare services. From telemedicine to health records management, the authors delve into the innovative applications and the potential benefits for patients and providers in this blockchain-powered metaverse of health. Blockchain technology can establish trust in virtual healthcare encounters. They examine the secure sharing of health data, verifiable credentials, and decentralized patient control. Virtual clinics in the metaverse can provide patients with a realistic setting for medical consultations. Counterfeit medications endanger patient safety significantly. There are certain challenges such as privacy and security, scalability, digital divide, user acceptance etc. This study explores how blockchain ensures data security, patient privacy, and interoperability within virtual healthcare settings. Healthcare in the metaverse represents a futuristic and innovative approach to delivering and managing healthcare services within immersive digital environments. 2024, IGI Global. -
Blockchain and IoT Integration for Financial Sector Revolution
The Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the globe. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) speaks about the use of Internet of Things (IoT) concepts and technology in industrial environments. The financial industry has long traded in the things that areintangible, from once-tangible but now-less-tangible items like stock certificates and even money itself. The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologythat offer and storedata aboutthings mighthave direct influence on how financial services institutions operate their businesses. The Financial Industry is adopting IoT for fast and effective transactions. The invention of disruptive technology like blockchain, which is a decentralized, unchangeable ledger makes tracking assets and record transactions easier. Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is based on the peer-to-peer idea that eliminates intermediaries from the system. It is possible to establish smart contracts, which will do away with the need for any middlemen. Due to the IoTs broad application and dispersed nature, security and privacy are the primary concerns in the financial sector. Blockchain is essential for IoT applications where data security and privacy are top priorities. Blockchain can secure data and keep the transactions private. IoT enhances business opportunities and offers firms a competitive edge in both established and developing industries. It has an impact on every aspect of technology, including the methods used to gather data and the locations, timings, and purposes for doing so. Since this data must be safeguarded, we need a standard blockchain-oriented architecture for IoT applications. The data generated by the financial industry is crucial because it establishes future market trends and preserves data on consumer and investor investments. Financial data is vulnerable to assaults and needs to be protected. This paper explores the need for regulations and policy in this area and attempts to understand how blockchain technology can be used to overcome barriers to IoT adoption in the financial sector. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Blockchain and Green Finance: The Way Forward
A disruptive digital force is altering business paradigms and increasing relevance around the world. Blockchain technology is attracting significant interest in India from a variety of businesses. As the range of uses for blockchain technology expands, industry leaders are adopting and modifying it to suit a variety of use cases. In 2016, adoption of blockchain technology gathered significant momentum in India. In a variety of use cases, many banks and commercial conglomerates have experimented with blockchain technology. Although blockchain technology is still in its infancy, Bitcointhe most well-known use casehas taken off very successfully in India, with several Bitcoin exchanges and wallets spreading throughout the nation. The regulatory organizations are establishing working groups to understand and monitor the development of blockchain technology in India after realizing the potential of the technology. Blockchain is used in green bonds, asset tokenization, carbon credit trading, and transparent reporting. One of the real-life examples is IBM and Veridium Labs, which have worked on a blockchain-based initiative to tokenize carbon credits. The purpose is to improve the efficiency and transparency of carbon trading. Veridium coins represent verified carbon credits, and blockchain secures the credits integrity and traceability. Recently the State Bank of India (SBI) has shown a growing interest in green finance and green bonds. The chapter investigates blockchain applications in the field of green finance. It addresses how blockchain-enabled green asset tokenization might boost liquidity and accessibility for investors, allowing a broader pool of participants to participate in sustainable investments. The article investigates the impact of DeFi platforms in supporting green lending and borrowing, hence lowering reliance on traditional financial intermediaries. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Sukanta Kumar Baral, Richa Goel, Tilottama Singh, and Rakesh Kumar; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Blockchain Technology in Financial Sector and Its Legal Implications
The blockchain technology has reached the tipping point. Blockchain is a zero-level technology on different applications such as crypto, smart contract, tokens, and DAO function. The applications of blockchain technology have generated new paradigms posing significant challenges to the world. Although blockchain technology is evolving and is in its nascent stage, the financial world has started relying upon it and is heavily investing in blockchain applications. In such a scenario, there is every possibility of its being misused and used for illicit purposes like money laundering, hacking, privacy breach, Ponzi investment scheme, terrorist financing, etc. Keeping this in view, this paper aims to explore how blockchain technology is used in the financial sector and analyse the legal implications thereof. For this, the chapter will explain what blockchain technology is, how it is being applied in the financial sector, need for regulation, and lastly, draw conclusions and suggest a few corrective measures. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Effect of Phonological and Phonetic Intervention on Proficiency in English Pronunciation and Oral Reading Among Bengaluru Teacher Trainees
The current research aimed to determine the effect of phonological and phonetic intervention in enhancing proficiency in English pronunciation and oral reading among teacher trainees. The study adopted a single-group pre and post-test intervention design. The researcher developed intervention modules on phonology and phonetics, and a segmental approach was adopted to teach individual sounds. The research design was executed in five stages: experts' opinions on the need for such a study, a preliminary study to find the need for the study, the development of intervention modules and validation of the modules, the pilot study to check the reliability of the tools, and the main study. The researcher applied Oscillo-graphic and observation methods to analyse and test the participants' pronunciation and oral reading progress during the experiment. Communicative Language Learning (CLL) and Audiolingual approaches were adopted to teach individual sounds to participants. The National Assessment of Educational Progress Scale for Reading and Pronunciation (NAEP 2012) was adopted to measure the scores. The other instruments, i.e., audio-to-test phonetic transcription software and Audacity recording software, were used in the experiment to record and analyse the audio clips. The experiment was conducted on n=104 teacher trainees of Bengaluru, India. The current study targeted teacher trainees/ B Ed college students of English method as a population. The population of teacher trainees was 1470 English methods from Bangalore north, south, and central. Further, the sample size for the main study was 104, and it was selected through a stratified random sampling technique. The assessment tools overall reliability (Cronbach Alpha value) (NAEP) on Pronunciation and Oral reading is 0.873. The data normality was tested with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The data EFFECT OF PHONOLOGICAL AND PHONETIC INTERVENTION was normally distributed. Hence, the data was not normally distributed; the non- parametric tests were used to test the hypotheses. The hypotheses testing on phonological and phonetic awareness revealed the difference between pre- intervention and post-intervention scores in phonological and phonemic awareness and oral reading among teacher trainees, the sig. Value is less than 0.05 across all the attributes. The Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed the scores after the intervention, a post-test with a statistically significant value of 0.001. The post-test score, which was after the intervention, is significantly higher. The values across all the attributes related to oral reading and pronunciation with a statistically significant value of 0.001. The other hypotheses testing on gender, age, and qualification, the Mann-Whitney test, and Kruskal Wallis were used, and the results were not statistically significant. The statistical test was used to test the progressive improvement of teacher trainees during the intervention, and it was statistically significant with 0.001 across all the attributes. The data analysis revealed a positive impact of intervention at the post-test on teacher trainees. The study has navigated the need for language proficiency among teacher trainees, especially in English pronunciation and oral reading. The study substantiates the evidence that effective intervention and teachers' knowledge of pronunciation would enhance proficiency levels in pronunciation and oral reading among teacher trainees. The study also hopes that Policy Makers, Universities, B.Ed. Colleges and teacher educators will be beckoned to use technology-integrated intervention to teach phonology and phonetics. -
ANALYSIS, ASSESSMENT, AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AIR POLLUTION USING ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Recent studies underscore the value of contemporary technology and gas emissions mitigation while overlooking the necessity of optimal fuel in Developing Countries (DC). DC's historical economic expansion has significantly depended on fossil fuels, resulting in severe environmental air pollution (EAP) challenges. The separation of economic progress from pollution has been the central emphasis in advancing environmental civilization in emerging countries. This study presents an analysis, assessment, and management of EAP using environmental engineering (EE) in DC. This work has examined the evolution of EAP regulations in DC, emphasizing a strategic shift from emission regulation to Air Quality Management (AQM). The regulation of Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions addressed the worsening of acid rain in DC. Since 2015, regulatory measures across several sources and industries have aimed to decrease the total amount of Fine Particulate Matter (FPM2.5), signifying a shift towards an AQM-focused policy. Escalating ozone (O3) pollution necessitates integrated management measures for O3 and FPM2.5, focusing on their intricate photochemical reactions. Significant enhancement of AQM in DC, as a crucial metric for the efficacy of sustainable economic development, necessitates the profound carbon reduction of the DC's energy infrastructure and the establishment of more integrated strategies to tackle EAP and climate change in DC concurrently. 2024, Rotherham Academic Press Ltd. All rights reserved. -
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Digital Employee Engagement
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on digital employee engagement, focusing on the roles of job autonomy and digital learning orientation. It sought to understand how these factors influenced employee engagement in a digital environment and the extent to which the meaningfulness of work mediated these relationships. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were collected from 527 individuals performing administrative jobs in the private service sector. The study utilized partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed relationships among job autonomy, digital learning orientation, and digital employee engagement with mediation of meaningfulness of work. Findings: The findings indicated that job autonomy and digital learning orientation significantly and positively predicted digital employee engagement. However, the meaningfulness of work did not mediate the relationship between job autonomy, digital learning orientation, and digital employee engagement. The results of this study found that there was no significant relationship between the meaningfulness of work and digital employee engagement. This study also found that when the employees used digital tools, they often experienced feelings of loneliness and insecurity. Practical Implications: The study suggested that the organizations role should always be focused on promoting digital tools. Organizations should emphasize enhancing job autonomy and encourage employees to engage in digital learning orientation, boosting digital employee engagement in the workplace. Originality/Value: This study contributed to the literature considering the role of AI applications that directly influenced digital employee engagement by addressing the significant roles of job autonomy and digital learning orientation. It also emphasized the need for future research to explore the impact of the meaningfulness of work and the dependence on digital tools for employee performance. 2024, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Big Data and Competition Law: A New Challenge for Competition Authorities
Big data has become a key role player for almost all kinds of markets specifically in a digital economy. It is a raw material as well as a by-product of any process. It has very comprehensive inclusivity to cover all aspects of the market having direct as well as indirect market effects. These effects are inclined towards consumerism and market transparency. But it has inherent dangers that are somehow overlooked by competition authorities. Competition law has dealt with the brick-and-mortar economy that is traditional in a very efficient way. However, this is not the case with the digital economy. Traditional notions of the market, abuse of dominant position, anticompetitive practices, and regulation of combinations cannot be made applicable to the digital economy in the same manner. Big data analytics enables big giants or corporations to establish their dominance in their relevant market. Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple have been dominating almost digital economy; hence their strategies are being scrutinized under the lenses of competition law once again. This paper deals with the interplay between big data and competition law, and it is going to explore the impact of this unavoidable aspect of big data on a highly competitive digital economy. 2024 Taylor & Francis. -
Transformative pedagogy integrating bloom's taxonomy, David Kolb's experiential learning and neuro-systemic dynamics in learning
An application of Kolb's experiential learning theory (ELT) in real situations as a blend of Bloom's taxonomy of education is given as a case study conducted about more than 15 years ago. The world has changed since then with revolutionary developments in the techno-world. Student portfolio is regarded as the documentary evidence created by the student to diagnose the student's strengths and weaknesses to assist him or her in learning. In light of this case study and developments in technology, further scope in the application of the ELT model is discussed. It is also recognised that technology to facilitate experiential learning using virtual reality or augmented reality tools is to be made more user-friendly in terms of affordability and that neuroplasticity has an important role to play in this. A case for more research in neuroscience to analyse learning styles is raised. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved. -
Theoretical Framework for Integrating IoT and Explainable AI in a Smart Home Intrusion Detection System
Using IoT devices in smart homes brings benefits and security dangers. This study extensively examines various intrusion detection methods within smart home environments. It also suggests a novel hybrid intrusion detection theoretical framework integrating IoT data with Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) approaches. Using information from multiple IoT devices, including motion sensors, door/window sensors, cameras, and temperature sensors, our theoretical framework can create a comprehensive image of the home environment. By effectively detecting new threats, it offers anomaly detection utilizing unsupervised learning approaches to discover potential breaches without tagged data. 2024 IEEE. -
A Comprehensive Investigation of Blockchain Technology's Role in Cyber Security
In recent years, blockchain has become an extremely trending technology, capable of solving a variety of problems. One of these domains is cybersecurity, where blockchain technology has a huge scope. To dive deeper into this topic, we first need to understand the cybersecurity domain, the need for this field, and how it has become crucial to the current Information-Technology industry. Once we have a good understanding of the field of cybersecurity, we next focus on blockchain technology, its basic working process, and what makes it a trending infrastructural technology in today's world. The basic idea about the field of cybersecurity and blockchain technology can help us understand how the two different fields can be integrated to solve several problems in the cybersecurity domain. Eventually, we discuss the pros and cons of blockchain technology in cybersecurity and how the integration of the two different fields can make a difference. This study aims to explore various possibilities where blockchain technology can be utilized in several applications to solve a variety of problems in the field of cybersecurity. 2023 IEEE. -
Functional Foods: Exploring the Health Benefits of Bioactive Compounds from Plant and Animal Sources
"Let food be the medicine"(Hippocrates) is a historic quote that became the basis of food science and nutraceuticals. Due to their possible therapeutic advantages, extracts from food have attracted much interest in the medical community. These extracts are abundant in bioactive compounds, which are natural molecules that may be found in various foods and have been demonstrated to affect health positively. Food components have lots of bioactive components, including primary and secondary metabolites and nutritional components, for example, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids. This study's primary focus is on the make-up and purpose of these bioactive components found in food extracts. This review aims to give readers a thorough grasp of the bioactive substances found in food extracts and their possible physiological uses. These bioactive substances' functional traits, such as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, and neuroprotective actions, are also studied. Further research is required to create new functional foods, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements with specific health advantages that can benefit from understanding these molecules' structure and function. 2023 Versha Dixit et al. -
Effect of heavy metal stress on biochemical and antioxidant efficacy of Chamaecostus cuspidatus
Chamaecostus cuspidatus, commonly known as insulin plant is medicinally important and a rich source of several secondary metabolites which exhibit pharmacological properties. In the present study, three different heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Cr) with different concentrations (Pb and Cr-50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm and for Cu 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 ppm) was used for heavy metal treatment and its impact on several biochemical and antioxidant parameters was measured of the test plant along with control. Current study mainly focuses on the biochemical and antioxidants estimation of root and rhizome of C. cuspidatus. Protein, proline and carbohydrate content was increased in the treated groups. Total phenol and total flavonoid content were also found to be increased in all the treated groups. Both enzymatic (SOD, CAT, APX) and nonenzymatic antioxidants (DPPH, FRAP and total antioxidant activity) was measured. Antioxidant activity was also high in the treated groups. Highest DPPH activity was found in Cu 25 treated rhizome 91.8030.157 and lowest was observed in Pb 50 treated root 4.5530.240. Highest reducing power activity (FRAP) was observed in Cr 100 treated rhizome 0.75860.0008 and least was found in control root 0.2090.0005. Heavy metals accumulation was also measured and maximum heavy metal accumulation was found in soil following by root and rhizome of all the treated groups. 2024, Indian journals. All rights reserved. -
Persuasive techniques used by advertisers in television commercials /
The purpose of this research is to observe the persuasive techniques used by advertisers in television commercials focussing on eight different advertisements belonging to four different categories. The researcher concentrates on the different components utilized by promoters to summon passionate reaction on the viewers/consumers. The commercials chosen by the researcher depict essential connections that are esteemed and kept up in the society. -
A Case Study on Zonal Analysis of Cybercrimes Over a Decade in India
Human intelligence has transformed the world through various innovative technologies. One such transformative technology is the internet. The world of the internet, known as cyberspace, though powerful, is also where most crimes occur. Cybercrime is one of the significant factors in cybersecurity, which plays a vital role in information technology and needs to be addressed with high priority. This chapter is a case study where we analyze cybercrimes in India. The data collected from NCRB for 2010 to 2020 are a primary source for the analysis. A detailed analysis of cybercrime across India is done by dividing locations into seven zones: central, east, west, north, south, northeast, and union territories. Cybercrimes reported in each zone are examined to identify which zone requires immediate measures to be taken to provide security. The work also identifies the top ten states which rank high in cybercrime. The main aim of this chapter is to provide a detailed analysis of crimes that occurred and the measures taken to curb them. Along with the primary data, secondary data from CERT-In are also used to provide an analysis of measures taken for handling cybercrime over a decade. The outcome facilitates various stakeholders to better bridge the gap in handling cybercrime incidences, thus helping in incidence prevention and response services as well as security quality management services. 2023 selection and editorial matter, Narasimha Rao Vajjhala and Kenneth David Strang; individual chapters, the contributors.