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Impact of Innovative Technology on Quality Education: The Resourceful Intelligence for Smart Society Development
Quality education is the systematic learning and execution road map that build confidence among the learners and develop employability skills. Innovative techniques are the central facilitators of providing quality education for the younger generation. The economists, scientists, management experts, and research initiators are putting their efforts to develop a certain sustainable system in quality education through innovative technology. This is about digital equity, customized education, activity-based classroom, where the young mind is to be in synchronizing with the technology to explore new possibilities of learning and accomplishment. The research initiative reveals the system of implementing the innovative technology for quality education that has a direct impact on smart society development. The principal outcomes of the research initiative include the innovative ideas that transform the traditional education system into a dynamic education framework. The framework includes the integration of tools and techniques for standard mode of operations that reflects the productive and realistic education system. The researchers gracefully interconnected the concepts, methods, and applications of a quality education system that will open up new vistas for future research initiatives in the area of digital education, industry-institution collaboration, developing smart society, and economy of a nation at large. There is significant level of impact of innovative technology on quality education that leads to independent employability skills, creative, and innovative projects for facilitating future generation. All the influencing factors of resourceful intelligence together have great impact on smart society development that leads to provide modern facilities for the residents of smart society and create favorable environment for the future generations. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Nanomaterials-Based Chemical Sensing
Nanotechnology is an achievement in the modern period because of its adaptable properties as per its size alterations. Nanomaterials with their size ranging from 1 to 100nm hold incredible novel properties and functionalities because of their molecular arrangements in nano-scale. Nanotechnologies add to pretty much every field of science, including material science, materials chemistry, physics, biology, software and computational engineering and so on. Lately, nanotechnology has been applied to different fields with promising outcomes, particularly in the field of detecting and remediation of toxicity levels, imperilling the ecological solidness just as it does to human wellbeing. One of the principal research interests using nanomaterials is detecting poisonous heavy metal ions. Carbon-based nanomaterials, which are remarkable in view of their toxic-free nature, high surface area and biocompatibility, are valuable for ecological treatments. Heavy metal pollution of water resources is a major issue that poses danger to health and wellbeing. Carbon-based nanomaterials have incredible potential for the detection as well as treatment of heavy metals from water sources in light of their large surface area, nano-scale and accessibility towards various functionalities as they are simpler to be chemically altered and hence reused. Apart from the conventional gas sensors based on SnO2, Fe2O3, In2O3 etc., gas sensors based on nanocarbons materials like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanosheets of graphene, carbon nano-fibres etc. exhibit high efficacy when it comes to gas-sensing strategy. Likewise, nanocarbon with hybrids of noble metals or semiconducting oxides can lead to a better performance considering gas-sensing applications. Here in this review, we describe the progress of carbon-based nanomaterials in toxicity detection and remediation. In addition to that, recent trends in nanomaterials-based sensing revealed the advancement of gas sensors based on nanocarbons. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Fabrication of disposable sensor strips for point-of-care testing of environmental pollutants
Biosensors are potentially used in detection of trace amount of environmental pollutants. Nanostructured materials are being widely explored for its application in the field of biosensors for monitoring environmental pollutants. Advances in biosensor technology with the use of micro-/nanomaterials can detect and analyze living and chemical matter with high specificity, which is relatively fast, sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive for the determination of chemical and biological contaminants. Recent finding shows that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanomaterial-based biosensors utilizing the electrochemical and optical properties are being used for the analysis of contaminants at an incredible sensitivity and accuracy. In this chapter, the application of CNT-based biosensors and the fabrication of paper-based sensors in monitoring hazardous environmental pollutants are discussed. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Analysis of the spread of infectious diseases with the effects of consciousness programs by media using three fractional operators
In this chapter, the mathematical model spread of infectious diseases exemplifying the effects of awareness programs by media is studied with the help of newly proposed fractional operators. The solution for the system of equations exemplifying the model is obtained with the help of the q-homotopy analysis transform technique (q-HATT). The projected method is an elegant amalgamation of the q-homotopy analysis scheme and the Laplace transform. Three fractional operators are employed in this study to show their essence in generalizing the models associated with power-law distribution: kernel singular, nonlocal, and nonsingular. The fixed-point theorem employed to present the existence and uniqueness for the hired arbitrary-order model and converges for the solution is derived with Banach space. The projected scheme springs the series solution rapidly convergent, and it can guarantee the convergence associated with the homotopy parameter. Moreover, for diverse fractional-order, the physical nature has been captured in plots. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
A novel secured ledger platform for real-time transactions
The present disclosure relates to a new centralized ledger technology with a centralized validation process. It offers a single platform for all categories of real-time transactions and validations, unlike existing conventional blockchain technology. It offers three levels of hashing placed at the generator, server, and validator end for data security from data tampering and two levels of encryption for communication lines between generator-server and server-validator for packet security. This system ensures trustworthiness, authenticity, and CIA (confidentiality, integrity, and availability) to its end users while being real-time in execution. The proposed system does not follow a chain-based file architecture. Due to this, no concept of chain break arises, and the problems that arise as a result of chain break in the blockchain are avoided. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Blockchain: Opportunities in the healthcare sector and its uses in COVID-19
As the world grapples with the COVID-19 pandemic and major populations are getting vaccinated, increasing realization processes healthcare industry needs to be augmented. It includes managing supply chains, healthcare records, and patient care. With a scarcity of time and resources, adaptation of blockchain technology will help mitigate the pressures on existing infrastructure. A blockchain distributed ledger helps to exchange health information securely without complex intermediation of trust with secure access. The organizations and persons in the blockchain network can verify and authorize the data, thus protecting patient identity, privacy, medical information system, and reducing transaction costs. The chapter examines managing and protecting electronic medical records and personal health records data using blockchain. It also analyses issues in healthcare, blockchain implementation, and its uses in the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors put forward the idea that even after the world is free of the Coronavirus, there will be pressures on the healthcare industry and Blockchain technology is the way to alleviate this pressure. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
GutBrain Axis: Role in Hunger and Satiety
The human gastrointestinal tract consists of nearly 100 trillion microorganisms, referred as gut microbiota or gut microbiome. The microbial colonization in the human gut begins at the time of birth and its colonization increases with age which is influenced by factors like age, diet, and antibiotic treatment. Gut microbiota is believed to play a major role in human health as well as various physiological activities like metabolism, nutrition, physiology, etc. Imbalance of the normal gut microbiota has been linked with gastrointestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) as well as wider systemic manifestations of disease such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atopy. Gutbrain axis, a two-way (bi-directional) connection and communication between the gut and the brain has potentially huge influence over our health which integrates neural, hormonal, and immunological signaling between the gut and the brain. There is growing evidence on the influence of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota that modulates appetite, feeding, and metabolism as well as regulates the mechanisms of digestion. Gut hormones like Ghrelin, Cholecystokinin (CCK), Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP), Peptide YY (PYY), Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), Oxyntomodulin (OXM), Glucagon, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP), and Amylin have been identified in the gastrointestinal system which have a fundamental role in coordinating digestive process within the gastrointestinal system, thus regulating feeding behavior and energy balance. Studies have indicated that the modulation in gut microbiota regulates the production of ghrelin and PYY in overweight and obese patients and helps in promoting weight loss and improves glucose regulation. Considering the importance of the role of gut microbiota on hunger and satiety, this chapter was written where we have discussed the gutbrain axis and its role in hunger and satiety. Further, mechanism of appetite regulation by gut microbiota and their role in obesity control have also been discussed. Finally, future perspectives on application of gut microbiota as potential probiotic solutions for obesity and related metabolic disorders will be discussed. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
BERT-Based Secure and Smart Management System for Processing Software Development Requirements from Security Perspective
Software requirements management is the first and essential stage for software development practices, from all perspectives, including the security of software systems. Work here focuses on enabling software requirements managers with all the information to help build streamlined software requirements. The focus is on ensuring security which is addressed in the requirements management phase rather than leaving it late in the software development phases. The approach is proposed to combine useful knowledge sources like customer conversation, industry best practices, and knowledge hidden within the software development processes. The financial domain and agile models of development are considered as the focus area for the study. Bidirectional encoder representation from transformers (BERT) is used in the proposed architecture to utilize its language understanding capabilities. Knowledge graph capabilities are explored to bind together the knowledge around industry sources for security practices and vulnerabilities. These information sources are being used to ensure that the requirements management team is updated with critical information. The architecture proposed is validated in light of the financial domain that is scoped for this proposal. Transfer learning is also explored to manage and reduce the need for expensive learning expected by these machine learning and deep learning models. This work will pave the way to integrate software requirements management practices with the data science practices leveraging the information available in the software development ecosystem for better requirements management. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Rare-earth-activated phosphor for laser lighting
The chapter describes that Y2Ba3B4O12 doped with europium ions were synthesized by a modified conventional solid-state reaction method. The formations of the phosphor crystal structure are confirmed via the X-ray diffraction technique. The luminescence measurement upon excitation in ultraviolet and emission in visible range shows the characteristics of Eu3+ excitation and emission. The occurrence of the charge transfer band is explained in detail. The emission spectrum of Eu3+ ions consists mainly of several groups of lines in the 550-725nm region, due to the transitions from the 5D0 level to the levels 7FJ (J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) of Eu3+ ions. The phenomena of concentration quenching are explained on the basis of electron-phonon coupling and multipolar interaction. The purity of the red emission is also checked, and it makes Eu3+-doped poly-borate-based phosphor as a promising candidate for laser lighting application. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Analytical modeling of reconfigurable transistors
A functionally enhanced transistor is a potential candidate for further advancing electronics and Moore's law beyond the classical scaling. This chapter discusses these kinds of multifunctional transistors called reconfigurable field-effect transistor (RFET) and reconfigurable tunnel field-effect transistor (RTFET). The RFET works on the principle of Schottky barrier tunneling, and the RTFET works on the principle of band-to-band tunneling. Both devices can be configured as an n-type and p-type device based on the biasing. This chapter explains the working and performance comparison of RFET and RTFET in detail with the help of technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations. Further, the potential and current models of a single-gated RFET and double-gated RTFET are presented in this chapter. The presented analytical models are compared and verified with TCAD simulations. The potential in the channel regions of RFET and RTFET is modeled by solving a two-dimensional (2D) Poisson's equation. Because the working principle of both devices is different, two different formulas are utilized for modeling the current in the device. The current model for the RFET is developed by integrating Landauer's formula, whereas the current model for RTFET is obtained by integrating band-to-band generation rate over the tunneling volume. The procedure, technique, and assumptions followed to obtain the potential and current models of RFET and RTFET are detailed in this chapter. 2022 selection and editorial matter, Ashish Raman, Deep Shekhar and Naveen Kumar; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Charting Industry 4.0 Routes Incubation Centers: A Study on Atal Incubation Centre
Start-ups have garnered significant attention in India, as well as many other areas of the world, in the past few years. Start-ups may produce significant solutions through innovative and adaptable technology, acting as vehicles for socioeconomic growth and transformation. Some businesses were created in recent times, but the ecosystem was still in its infancy, with just a few investments and a limited number of support programs such as incubators. As business environments have evolved, there are signs that the function of incubators has shifted and extended to a center giving training, with over 20, 000 start-ups and a year-on-year growth rate of 10-12%, India boasts the worlds second largest start-up ecosystem. Since business settings have changed, there are indications that the purpose of incubators has moved and expanded to a center for training and support, connecting, and consulting to new enterprises in all fields of specialization rather than just a business center with office space. According to incubators, the major worry or problem was establishing suitable infrastructure with specialized technology that met the demands of the companies. In terms of investment, incubators were concerned about the schemes rigidity. Some incubators opted to extend financing or make grants rather than make equity investments. This issue originated largely from the regulatory complexities of incubators at educational institutions that make equity-based investments in businesses. Start-ups do not exist in isolation, but rather as a component of the larger economy. In terms of the regulatory framework, it is thought that enhancing the execution of existing start-up regulations and eliminating inefficiency within the administration is critical to making it easier for start-ups to do business. Start-ups would benefit from less paperwork and documentation, improved access to information, more standardized operational processes, and clear criteria. 2023 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. -
Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Coriandrum sativum L.
Coriandrum sativum L. is a pharmaceutically significant herb that is used for culinary purposes and in herbal formulations. It is an annual herb from the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) with unique taxonomic characters. Generally called Dhania or kutumbari, it is cultivated worldwide for its distinct flavors and medicinal properties. Coriander is a rich reservoir of nutrients and significant biochemicals. The phenomenal healing properties of coriander can be attributed to the phytochemicals present in essential oils produced in various parts of the plants, such as leaves, flowers, fruit, and seed. The essential oils are rich in biochemicals like Linalool, (E)-2-decenal, 2-Decenoic acid, camphor, etc. These biomolecules altogether contribute to many pharmacological activities like analgesic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anxiolytic, diuretic, hypnotic activity. There are many scientifically proven reports to suggest its importance for usage. The present chapter summarizes the nutrition, biochemicals, and the scientifically proven pharmacological activities of Coriandrum sativum L as well as its cultivation and processing. 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Lipase and lactic acid bacteria for biodegradation and bioremediation
Bioremediation is a biotechnological process in which environmental pollutants and solid wastes can be degraded using microbial action to provide a clean free environment without hazards. The process employs microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi for the degradation of wastes. The microbial activity in the bioremediation process degrades the environmental pollutants that are harmful to human health and converts them into less toxic or nontoxic forms. The process mainly focuses on the removal of many types of hazardous materials present in the soil, water, and atmosphere. Microorganisms, especially bacteria, receive great attention in bioremediation as they can mineralize the toxic wastes into other products, such as biomass and water, and make them nonhazardous at times. The activity is not limited only to the degradation of organic wastes, it also degrades crude oil spills in oceans, pesticides, and other industrial wastes. Lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus species are Gram-positive and occur mostly in milk and other such products that are highly useful for the human health. They also provide valuable products in the form of foodstuffs for human. Recent findings have shown that the lactic acid bacteria have a better capability to degrade most of the organic wastes and also other industrial contaminations such as dyes. Bioremediation process itself has different methods, such as biosparging and bioventing, grouped as ex situ methods, in which the degradation of wastes can be possible in bioreactors, while on the other hand, in situ methods take place at the site of the pollution or contamination by the microbial growth. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Metal-Based Nanoparticles for Infectious Diseases and Therapeutics
Infectious diseases that are easily transmitted by microorganisms like bacteria, protozoa, fungus, etc. are a menace to humans. The greatest threat to human race is to mitigate the impact of these diseases. People with less immunity and children are prone to these diseases. Even healthy people get infected due to its easy transmission. Microorganisms causing these diseases are becoming more resistant to the drugs that are available in the market. So, there is a need to find new therapeutic which is facile, sensitive, and selective, is an important challenge for the medical field and this is where nanotechnology is having a greater chance. Nanoparticles especially metal-based nanoparticles have the ability to act against infectious and non-infectious diseases, this is because of their unique properties like small size, high surface area, etc. They do not have a specific binding site on the bacterial cell, which lead to the failure of bacterial resistant towards the nanoparticle mechanism. There are many nanoparticles which are efficient against particular diseases. In this review we are discussing about the advanced nanomaterials as therapeutics for infectious diseases. We have also discussed about antiviral activities which gives us a ray of hope for the solution of the SARS-COV-2. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
An Analysis of Sentiment Using Aspect-Based Perspective
Opinions play a major role in almost every human practice. Finding product and service reviews is made easy online. Product reviews are readily available in huge quantities. Considering each review and making a concise decision about a product is not feasible or even possible. Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) is one of the best solutions to this problem. Summary and online reviews analysis is delivered in this paper. ABSA has made extensive use of machine learning techniques. Recent years have seen deep learning take off due to the growth of computer processing power and digitalization. When applied to various deep learning techniques, numerous NLP tasks produced futuristic results. An overview of various deep learning models used in the field of ABSA is presented in this chapter after an introduction to ABSA. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Post-millennials: Psychosocial Characteristics, Determinants of Health and Well-Being, Preventive and Promotive Strategies
The post-millennial generation plays a significant role in the progress and development of every nation. The health and well-being of this generation needs critical focus. Post-millennial are unique, possesses an egalitarian worldview, global and open mind-set, commitment to the environment, society, and others. They are called digital natives due to their familiarity with social media and technology. They are also called snowflake generation due to their characteristics of being gentle and unique. Double income households and well-educated parents and their assistance make them a distinguished population. However, these characteristics are less explored while addressing the health and wellness concerns of this cohort. The present chapter discusses the psychosocial characteristics of the post-millennials and their implications exclusively in the mental health realm. It also presents the strength-based strategies to address the concerns of post-millennials and the significance of evidence-based practices in mental health and sensitizing mental health practitioners about the changing scenario. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Taylor and Francis Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Upskilling and Curating the Potentials of IoT Enabled Smart Cities: Use Cases and Implementation Strategies
The reason for opting the Internet of Things in the smart city system was to manage assets, resources and services efficiently and improve the operations across the city. This will be achieved by the inception of cognitive technologies, including the Internet of things (IOT). The IoT enabled Smart cities enables the utilities for improving transportation and accessibility, improve social services, promote sustainability, and give its citizens a voice. However, the barriers to smart cities are siloed, piecemeal implementations, growing expectations, uninformed citizens and shrinking budgets and little or no investment capital. Smart streetlights, lighting adapts to the activity on the street. Parking sensors provide real time information on an app where to find vacant parking spaces. Garbage sensors and automated waste collection are recent eras of smart cities. Overall it improves the operational efficiency and provides better quality of service. Thus, India thought of IoT enabled Smart cities which include housing, schools, offices and retail. In this paper, we examine significant aspects of an IoT infrastructure for smart cities, outlining the innovations implemented in the cities of India as use cases and Implementation Strategies. Exceptional attention is devoted to the potential applications of smart cities. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Role of plant tissue culture medium components
The plant tissue culture technique is one of the most acquainted techniques and has been practiced since 1902 for the development of disease-free plants with desired quality, at a larger production rate within a short span of time, irrespective of the season. Each plant has its own morphology and nutritional requirements. Moreover, the nutritional requirement for the tissues in each part of the plant varies. Thus, for the optimal growth of the desired plant, the composition and choice of the suitable media are crucial factors. The formulation of the nutrient medium for the specific tissue and the specific plant plays a vital role in the development of suitable plant tissue culture techniques. This chapter discusses the main components of the plant tissue culture media: basic components which include macroelements, microelements, nitrogen sources (including amino acids), carbon sources, organic supplements (mainly vitamins and other supplements), growth regulators like auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, and solidifying agents. The basic components have to be incorporated at a fixed concentration. The plant growth regulators are supplemented for organogenesis and the balance between the growth regulators depends on the type of tissue culture technique adopted. The additional supplements are incorporated into the media to achieve specific responses which include activated charcoal, antioxidants, ethylene inhibitors, and complex organic additives, and antibiotics/antifungal agents are supplemented to prevent plant loss due to contamination. The chapter also emphasizes the sterilization techniques and their importance in the plant tissue culture medium. The significance of the adoption of automated media preparation and incorporation of nanoparticles in the tissue culture media is also discussed. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Microalgae: a promising tool for plastic degradation
The use of plastics in the present-day routine is an unavoidable part of human life. It is posing a global environmental threat due to its never-ending accumulation. Complete disposal of plastics is a major problem, and for their complete degradation an effective solution or method has not been discovered yet. However, in order to turn to a biological approach for coping with the ever-increasing fear of plastic aggregation and decay, the development of a methodology would be useful for posterity. To eliminate plastic wastes, two scenarios exist: produce biodegradable plastics from renewable materials or fossil fuels as building blocks, such as hydrobiodegradable/oxo-biodegradable; or find appropriate microalgae and their toxins for the development of a protocol to effectively biodegrade the plastics. Just as biodegradation of plastics is a constructive option, as they are eco-friendly with not much harm done to the environment, the development of biodegradable plastic is also equally effective. Some of the algae that are isolated from the plastic wastes are green-algae, blue-green algae, diatoms, etc. Polyethylene is basically carbon and hydrogen polymer, which is exceptionally resistant to biodegradation (less than 0.5% over 100 years), whose degradation is dependent mainly on moisture, light, and temperature. The most used types of plastics like polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene are a major threat as they are used in the manufacture of bottles, fibers, packing materials, etc. The degradation or disposal of these plastics is leading to their conversion into microsized particles which is further leading to harm to the environment, mainly when these microplastics interact with microalgae like Spirulina. However, landfill, incineration, and chemical methods are some of the conventional methods for polyethylene disposal that are fatal to the environment as they cause hazardous effects on flora and fauna. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Carbon dots as an effective material in enzyme immobilization for sensing applications
In carbon dots (CDs), both graphene quantum dots and carbon quantum dots were the latest entrants to the carbon family, all of which are spherical carbon nanoparticles of size <10nm. CDs have found their way in the various applications in the field of chemical sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, photocatalysis, nanomedicine, and electrocatalysis ever since their discovery. CDs provide interesting attributes to electrochemical and optical biosensing using enzyme biosensor due to they have desired advantages of biocompatibility, excellent physicochemical properties, high resistance to photo bleaching, intrinsic non/low-toxicity, high solubility, large specific surface area for the binding of enzymes, and low quantum yields, as well as their ability for modification with the attractive surface area. Surface active functional groups such as epoxide, hydroxyl(OH), and carboxylic acid (COOH) groups can be used for the immobilizing biomolecules on CDs. The enzyme immobilization is a process which is generally carried out by ionic/covalent interaction, encapsulation, and adsorption. The process of adsorption is considered to be a simple, effective, and economical method for enzyme immobilization. Thus enzymes immobilized on CDs have shown significant improvement in both activity and stability. This chapter aims to throw light on the progress and development of enzyme immobilization (e.g., laccase, bovine serum albumin, and horseradish peroxidase) in the CDs, which acts as a probe for sensing application, with laying emphasis on their synthesis along with the challenges faced in this exciting and promising field. 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.