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Perception of online adult education in different countries
Adult education has gained immense popularity during a pandemic. Adult learners are able to meet their educational requirements through online education. Adult learners also prefer online education due to convenience and self-learning interests. Online education also poses challenges and discomfort to online learners. Statistics indicate a higher dropout rate among adult online learners due to various factors. This chapter focuses on the significant challenges adult online learners face and has identified tools, strategies, and techniques to empower and motivate them. This chapter will also help us to understand how tools and techniques, such as information and communication technology, allow us to increase the number of such learners in different countries. Information and communication technology tools are used in developed and developing countries to encourage and motivate adult learners to improve their education virtually at their convenience. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Perception of information and communication technology tools among small and medium enterprises in Bengaluru
The Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector is a critically important sector. Despite its large contribution to the economy of the country, SMEs are not in a good position in terms of finance, technology and markets at present. The major problem faced by SME?s in India is the adoption of technology. The basic aim of this study is to evaluate the Information and Communication Tools (ICT) adoption by SME?s in India. For the study, a survey consisting of a self-administered questionnaire was conducted. The study utilized correlation and regression analysis. The findings prove that the institutional pressures have no significant influence on the advantages of ICT adoption, Challenges of ICT adoption and Awareness of different government schemes. Benefits of ICT adoption has moderate influence on Challenges of ICT adoption. The study showcases the factors that motivate entrepreneurs, firm owners to adopt ICT, and the challenges that an SME will face for ICT adoption. 2020, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc.. All rights reserved. -
PERCEPTION OF INDIA BY FOREIGNERS THROUGH SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE
The dissertation titled Perception of India by Foreigners through Slumdog Millionaire speaks about the effectiveness of mass media in the recent times. Since times mass media has been playing a critical role in the peoples lifestyle with regard to understanding of various situations and also in decision making process. Any mass medium be it newspaper, radio,television, films etc has become a part of peoples life making them depending upon these mass media for their decision making process. Films, in particular, which caters to a large number of audiences crossing borders play a significant role in building ones perception on a culture, religion, nation, people and so on. While written reviews available online in scholarly and film journals, newspapers and the IMDB, for instance, form the backdrop to ideas in this study, the primary method of data collection is to do qualitative research through interviews of foreigners and Indians. Also, included are the qualitative questionnaires which would be administered online and off line to 100 foreigners and Indians. The problems lie in the perception of a problem by people of different culture having grown up in a varied environment. The aim of the research is to bring out the causes of such understanding towards the problem.The movie Slumdog Millionaire has been a mouth-piece of India in showcasing Indias poverty and lives of poor people. Here the Indians would have a different take on this problem with respect to foreigners who have, if not same, a contrast understanding of problem. The study helps in establishing a link between mass medium and people who would watch the film with their culture behind them. It also talks about the ethics involved in portraying a foreign nation by an alien person who is not from the same environment. -
Perception of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Testing the ActorObserver Bias
Entrepreneurial ecosystem is the interacting socio-economic environment that facilitates entrepreneurs to start and develop their enterprises. A vibrant and supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem is necessary for the start-up and growth of an enterprise. The entrepreneurial action would largely depend on the perception of entrepreneurs about the ecosystem. In this context, a study was designed to understand the perceptions of actors (entrepreneurs) and observers (non-entrepreneurs) on various components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Data for this study were collected from 296 entrepreneurs and 315 non-entrepreneurs from India, who responded to a 77-item questionnaire by giving their ratings of various aspects of the ecosystem on a 5-point scale. Findings of the study showed that perceptions of the entrepreneurial ecosystem were significantly different for most of the subgroups. Most notable among these differences was those between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, where the mean scores on all dimensions were found to be significantly higher for non-entrepreneurs than for entrepreneurs except for entrepreneurial capability which was found to be higher for entrepreneurs. Hence, the hypothesis of actorobserver bias in the perceptions of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs is supported. 2019 SAGE Publications. -
Perception of Climate Finance: An Empirical Approach
Climate finance is an alternative financing source in which private and public at domestic and global levels invest their funds to support mitigation of and adapt to present and upcoming climate change. It is an enormous challenge since it is incredibly susceptible to climate impact. The main challenge lies in identifying risks of climate change, appropriate response measures, and prioritizing them to control climate change. The paper aims to determine the perception of climate finance among the public while assessing India's current situation concerning climate change. A well-structured questionnaire was prepared, and data were collected from 253 respondents in Chennai city from December 2020 to February 2021 using a convenience sampling method. A chi-square tool was used to examine the association between the demographic profiles of the respondents and the respondents' perception of climate change-related activities. Type of family, age, and number of family members are significantly associated with most statements connected to the perception of climate finance. The majority of the respondents had insufficient knowledge about climate change policies. Forty-two per cent of the respondents believed that the investment made in climate finance is used effectively for sustainable development. It explores the present scenario of climate finance in India during the Covid 19 pandemic period. The study results will be helpful to the social investment companies, and the regulators frame suitable strategic policies. 2022 by authors, all rights reserved. -
Perception of Anticipatory Psychological Contract: A Study among Post Graduate Students
Psychological Contract is the the unwritten contract between employer and employee, representing mutual expectations, beliefs, and obligations. The concept is popular among the HR managers as it is based on managing employment relationships. In order to best align the requirements of the organization and employee, the Human Resource manager has to be cognizant of this unwritten ???contract???. Like all relationships, it is important to shape and understand it starting from recruitment, through talent management and finally the employee exit. High volume campus recruitment still forms a key strategy among companies in growing markets, segments. Hence the understanding of this employment relationship begins with prospective employees who are the final year students. This study talks about the employment beliefs, & future employment relationships of final year students as an ???anticipatory psychological contract??? and includes promises that the future employee wants to make to their employer, along with the obligations they expect in return. Additionally, the long-term Career expectations of students, in conjunction with their Work values was also explored, to understand their interrelationship with the anticipatory psychological contract. This interrelationship has gained importance in organizational psychology, organizational behavior, and HRM where there is an opportunity for practical application. In this study, the respondents' expectations were measured through the collection of inputs on pre-employment beliefs from final year postgraduate students soon to be part of their respective industry???s workforce. The independent variables identified from the review of literature were career strategy and work values. As part of the study, these variables were tested for correlation, and multiple regression was done to understand the impact of career strategy and work values on anticipatory psychological contract. The results proved that a significant relationship exists between the dependent variable (anticipatory psychological contract ) and independent variables( career strategy and work values). Managing psychological contract is an advantage for employees and employers whereby, both can understand the expectations of the other to prevent breach or violation of the contract. Maintaining a positive contract ensures job satisfaction, commitment and talent retention. This study is significant as the expectations during the pre-employment stage affect the psychological contract even after organizational entry. Understanding contributions to the organization and what employees receive in return are also about managing the psychological contract. This study is also aimed at employers in redesigning their recruitment & talent management strategies. The outcomes of strong HRM strategy based on psychological contract are high employee motivation, productivity, and controlled attrition rates. The study also explores the formation and transition of psychological contract from university to workplace. Lastly, the study aims in exposing the expectations of the younger generation, future workforce. The absence of a longitudinal study is a limitation which would provide the longer term view of the concept. -
Perception and Practices of EdTech Platform: A Sentiment Analysis
Virtual and digital learning being the new normal, pandemic outburst and unexpected disruption in the functioning of educational services have paved way for online learning services. Considering the fast-Track growth of the education technology (EdTech) industry, in order to sustain, it is imperative for the industry to understand the underlying issues by capturing the end users' perception. The primary purpose of this research is to examine the perception of users towards EdTech platforms A sample of 600 reviews regarding three major EdTech platforms were scraped from MouthShut.com as textual data and analysed using lexicon-based method. The polarity of the sentiments pertaining to the reviews of different platforms was analysed using sentiment analysis. Furthermore, the topic modelling on the reviews was performed using natural language programming. The results revealed a positive sentiment of users towards the EdTech services and platforms. The most influential factors are faculty expertise, interface user-friendliness, syllabus, and pricing model. Our findings help EdTech service providers to understand which factors are driving this dramatic shift in student behaviour so they may develop better strategies to attract and retain consumers. Despite the rise in EdTech platform popularity, this is the first study to investigate perception of EdTech users comprehensively. 2022 IEEE. -
Perception about inventory management and control at quick service restaurants
India's quick service restaurant market has expanded significantly in recent years. For small-scale QSRs, inventory management continues to be an essential challenge. Inventory management enhances the efficiency of business operations by influencing the stockpile and supply of essential products and materials. The research aims to highlight the importance of inventory control and management in QSRs. Primary data was collected from 120 operational QSRs in Bangalore in Karnataka and 30 from Kottayam in Kerala. It was found that most of the respondents felt that proper inventory management and control could help to improve their service quality and help to reduce costs. It has been found that the factors service, savings, and risk have a strong positive correlation with inventory cost. Several techniques and strategies like techniques for cooking with no waste, menu planning with fewer ingredients, networks for local sourcing, matching demand and supply through seasonal planning have been identified to increase the performance of QSRs. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Perceived stress and fatigue in software developers: Examining the benefits of gratitude
Software development demands creativity and adept problem-solving skills. However, long-term stress and fatigue might impede these skills in software developers. From the perspective of positive psychology, this cross-sectional study investigated the effects of gratitude, age, and gender on stress and fatigue in 421 participants, 244 males (58 %) and 177 females (42 %), aged between 21 and 57 years (M = 36.20; SD = 7.56). The tools employed included the multi-component gratitude measure, perceived stress scale and fatigue assessment scale. Multiple linear regressions confirmed the beneficial effects of gratitude, and they indicated higher levels of perceived stress and fatigue in women and younger professionals. These findings have positive implications for organisational psychologists, as they signify the favourable impacts of gratitude in mitigating stress and fatigue in software developers. The authors recommend that organisational practitioners should focus on enhancing the professionals' well-being by strategizing and implementing gratitude training programmes. 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
Perceived stress among information technology professionals in India during the COVID-19 pandemic
The Information Technology (IT) industry in India is an integral part of the nations economy. The COVID-19 pandemic is a cause of disquietude and is probably the gravest challenge encountered by the IT industry at present. Although the IT industry has contributed to varied sectors globally amid the crisis, IT professionals encounter a profusion of mental health challenges. Despite this, there have as yet been limited studies focusing on the mental health impact on IT professionals during this period. This study strives to explore the role of socio-demographic factors on perceived stress and to examine the association between gratitude and perceived stress among IT professionals in India during the pandemic. Data from 219 participants were included for analysis in this cross-sectional, correlational study. Findings suggest that there exists a significant difference in perceived stress based on gender, marital status, and parental status. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a significant negative association between gratitude and perceived stress. The study contributes to the field of cognitive ergonomics and broadens the theoretical knowledge base of perceived stress based on socio-demographic elements. Findings also have positive implications for organisational psychologists as they suggest that encouraging a focus on gratitude could aid in lower perceived stress. 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Perceived Reality of Self and Others with Two Childhood Trauma Survivors - An Idiographic Case Study
Impacts of childhood trauma can be crucial in understanding personality traits and psychological distress. However, it could be hard to predict if these individuals develop posttraumatic stress or growth. Several quantitative research studies have concluded the connections between childhood trauma and psychopathology or maladaptive personality traits. Various researchers have discovered the negative consequences of early childhood trauma and its long-term effects which may be rudimentary in understanding the causation of life-long psychological and medical deficiencies. This has been very elementary in understanding trait patterns and psychopathology for outcome generalizability and implementing prevention and intervention models. However, these studies still fail to spotlight the importance of the lived experiences of trauma survivors. Nevertheless, the present study is an idiographic single-case study research design used in the exploration of the lived experiences and perceived reality of self and others with two childhood trauma survivors. The Electrochemical Society -
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Perceived organizational support, employee engagement and organizational commitment among millennials
Millennials (born between 1981-2000) are drastically different from any other generational cohorts, with their high education level, technological skills, social networking, self-confidence and always teeming with energy, which makes them excellent team players, unlike the previous generations who preferred to work on their own for long hours. Millennials, having grown to constitute a considerable proportion of the workforce and will continue to grow to represent more over the next 20 years, desire for immediate result and speedy advancement, which has led to perceiving them to be impatient and inconsistent. Hence, retaining them has become one of the top managerial priorities. Millennials are prone to frequent switching of jobs which is why they are attributed with the character of job-hopping. Of all the generations in the work force, Millennials are found to be less consistent in their workplace relationships which calls for the purposeful need for cultivating positive relationships with them at workplace. Organizational commitment is evidently one such gesture of an employee, towards positive and long-term relationship with the organization, as a committed employee stays with the organization and this can be brought about if the employees realize that they are being supported well by the organization. Hence, the perceived organizational support plays a pivotal role in work place relations. Another construct in the employeeorganization relationship is, which has a decisive role to play, is Employee engagement. Thus, this study intents to examine how perceived organizational support is related to organizational commitment where employee engagement mediates the relation between the two variables. An empirical study has been done, whereby carrying out a survey among 402 millennial employees across various companies in the information technology sector, as this sector experiences the rush of millennials more, compared to other traditional industries. And it was found that there is a vi significant relation that existed among perceived organization support and organizational commitment and employee engagement and organizational commitment as well. Employee engagement also turned out to be partially mediating the relationship between POS and OC. This study, done to find the relation between the three important constructs in organizational behavior and human resource management, and also to find out the difference in the variation of these three constructs based on the demographical factors, is the first of its kind to be done, among Millennials -
Perceived organizational support, employee engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour among knowledge workers of R&D organization
The reflections of professional life hold an imperative value for an employee. The I/O relationship depends upon myriads of factors. For the sustainability of individual and organization, the internal organization in which the employee operates should provide nurturance and growth to the employee. This study examined perceived organizational support as an antecedent of employee engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour as it`s consequence. The present study employs an ex-post facto research design. 300 knowledge workers (scientists) were assessed on work and organizational engagement, perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behaviour. Results indicated that perceived organizational support emerged as a significant predictor of work and organizational engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour emerged as a significant consequence of employee engagement. For mediation analysis Baron and Kenny`s (1986) framework was employed and observed that employee engagement partially mediated the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behaviour. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
Perceived organizational support and its influence on employee engagement in informatiom technology organizations
The effective management of Human Resources (HR) or People Resources of an organization through proactive and futuristic design of HR policies is pivotal for an organization s growth. Many of the current challenges faced by businesses globally are owing to industry slowdowns, loss of clientele, lower margins, stiff competition for skilled resources, and high attrition. A diverse set of workforce belonging to different generations having aspirations and expectations galore has entered the corporate sector. This diversity and advent of the generational workforce needs to be taken into consideration while designing HR policies, Reward systems and benefits; as also the factors such as changing family structures and the emergence of a gender equal workforce. Human Resources professionals and organizations are hence tasked with the responsibility of employing different ways and means to fine-tune existing HR strategies and develop new one s that could potentially increase Employee Engagement (EE) and reduce the Intention the Quit (ITQ) among the Information Technology (IT) workforce. The prime emphasis of the current study has been on assessing appropriate HR strategies that can increase engagement and retention at a minimal or no cost to the organization. This study leveraged upon organizational support and care variables such as Perceived Organizational Support (POS), Perceived Supervisor Support (PSS), and Flexible Work Options (FWO) in increasing Employee Engagement (EE) and reducing the Intention to Quit (ITQ). This study goes on to prove that by leveraging upon organizational support and care variables such as POS, PSS, and FWO; organizations can increase the level of engagement of employees, as well as improve employee retention. -
Perceived Morbidity, Health Seeking Behaviour and Healthcare Utilisation among Inter-State Women Migrant Workers in Kerala
Internal migrants in India are estimated to be 37% of the total population with Kerala estimated to host over 25 lakhs of internal migrants. Migration, both internal and international can influence a country or region s socio-economic development. The interrelation between health and migration is highlighted in the Sustainable Development Goals where health is determined as an indicator of people-centred, rights-based, inclusive, and equitable development . Though migrants as such are a vulnerable population, the gender experience of migration differs, as women migrants often face triple discrimination of being a woman, unprotected worker and a migrant making them the most vulnerable within the migrant community. They are often overlooked while formulating schemes and policies depriving them of health and social security benefits. The present newlinestudy aims to understand the perceived morbidity, health seeking behaviours and healthcare utilization among Interstate Women Migrant Workers in Kerala. The sequential exploratory research design was employed to newlinecollect data from workers in the seafood processing and textile manufacturing sectors. The qualitative phase had two focus group discussions with 8 participants each and four in-depth interviews while the quantitative newlinephase had cross-sectional surveys with 300 respondents. The focus group discussion and in-depth interview paved the way for understanding the issues and concerns of the respondents regarding their health seeking newlinebehaviours and healthcare utilization as well as hinting at their attitude towards health in general. Themes were able to provide insight into the factors underlying healthcare utilization as well as provided suggestions from the respondents which could have policy implications. The quantitative data was elaborate and was able to address the various dimensions of health seeking and determine the factors influencing healthcare utilization among interstate women migrants in Kerala. -
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PERCEIVED EMPLOYEE CONTRIBUTION IN RELATION TO RECREATIONAL FACILITIES: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
As the society has shifted from the industrial to the information era, recreation activities in organisations represents ever more important area of social responsibility and organisational growth. Organisations of all hue and texture- governmental,private or commercial enterprises- will need well planned and aligned recreational facilities to ramp up their productivity.Todays challenging social context increasingly calls on the leadership expertise of these organisations to address the important issue of human resources ??burnout. Their charge is to contribute to quality of life of the people at their organisations in the dynamic context of new modes of communication, new information, changing demographics, changing attitudes towards work and play, individualism and globalisation. A recreation facility is provided in premises or precincts of an organisation,for fun,diversion,enjoyment relaxation,amusement and physical, psychological, spiritual or social well being of members of the organisation. Activities engaged in the facility are planned by management with the view to enhance productivity by looking at the well being and development of employees. It is inclusive of hiring recreation organisations services. The steel baron Andrew Carnegie endowed hundreds of public libraries across the country in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, explaining, "How a man spends his time at work may be taken for granted but how he spends his hours of recreation is really the key to his progress in all the virtues." Among the important literatures, study by Sabarirajan, Meharajan & Arun. (2010) titled Positive correlation between welfare activities and employee attitude in textile mills, remains prominent beacon of welfare studies on Indian organisations. In this exploratory research the authors have established the positive influence of various welfare activities practiced in Indian organisations on employee attitudes including employee productivity.The study has concluded that,generally, welfare measures are recreational,medical, educational, housing, sanitation and so on. Every organization provides the statutory welfare measures but some organizations provides some more welfare facilities to the employees so that they may retain the employees and by improving their quality of work life. By the result of improved quality of work life among the employees their involvement in job gets increased and results in increased productivity of the organization. The organizations maintaining smooth relationship between workers and management, which leads to attainment of organisation goals. Recreational facilities has received a great deal of interest by human resources management, professionals and organisational behaviour researchers in Western countries over the years; however, its practice is fairly nascent in Indian organisations. The organisations in India are facing many diverse and complex challenges of the growing economy and ever increasing demands of the workplace. Recreational facilities at the place of work play bigger and a vital role in ensuring an organisational sustained productivity by systematically building team, leadership and communicative skills. Enhanced and informal contact amongst all employees across hierarchy enriches and secures retention of cultural, social and intellectual assets, its skill and inventiveness. This study analysed organisational employees perceptions of Recreational facilities, Recreation activities and Employee contribution as one of the consequences of recreational facilities. 202 employees from 10 organizations (5 manufacturing and 5 IT services) were surveyed. The judgemental sampling technique was adopted to draw the sample. A questionnaire was designed and pilot tested. The reliability of the questionnaire was above . 850 (Cronchbachs Alpha reliability). The major findings of the study were: 1.Statistical analysis and interpretation of data reveal that organisations have provided varying level of recreational facilities to their employees since the level of perception of importance of recreational facilities varied considerably.Overall, the perception of the facilities was moderate. 2. Employees perception of level of recreation activities provided was higher than recreational facilities although the perception varied considerably again. Employee perception of recreation facilities was high. 3.The level of perception of importance of employee contribution as a result of recreational facilities varied considerably in the range. The mean value was considerably high at mean value of 5.89, with standard deviation 1.00. 4.There was significant correlation between the perception of importance of recreational facilities and recreational activities and the level of employee contribution. Thus, the level of employee contribution has been found to be related to each of the perception of importance of recreational facilities and recreational activities. 5.Multiple linear regression of level of employee contribution on the independent variables of perception of importance of recreational facilities and perception of importance of recreational activities was found to be statistically significant. Both of the independent variables were found to have a significant impact on the level of employee contribution, and together explained 60.2% of the overall variation in level of employee contribution. 6.There were significant differences in the perception of importance of recreational facilities, recreation activities and the level of employee contribution across variable demographics. The study empirically indicates that employee contribution made to the organisation productivity is strongly linked to recreational facilities provided by the organisation to their employees.In addition,at the same time it also reveals that the employees perceive only moderate recreational facilities from their organisations.This means that the system of recreational facilities and recreation activities in the organisations is yet not formalised and is ad-hoc and haphazard. Organisations should dedicate efforts to increase perception of recreation among the employees by including the aspects and goals of recreation in the organisational strategy. -
Perceived emotional intelligence family environment and locus of control as predictors of well-being among adolescents
Adolescence is unparalleled in a person s life as the most important period in his/her newlinepersonality development. It is perceived that well-being is the keystone to an individual s wholesome being. In the past, well-being was discussed in the context of the absence of distress symptoms that include depression, anxiety, divergent behaviors and other disorders. In more recent times it has received a positive note where well-being is widely identified with the positive qualities, which each individual possesses to lead a healthy and happy life. Fifty percent of the mental health disorders begin during the onset of adolescence. There is a need to focus on adolescent well-being in India which has the world s largest adolescent population. Based on the related theories and studies, certain variables like perceived emotional intelligence, family environment and locus of control were selected for the study. The main aim of the study boiled down to two points, to investigate the relationship between perceived emotional intelligence, family environment, locus of control and well-being among adolescents and to research and explore the extent to which newlineperceived emotional intelligence, family environment, locus of control and the newlinedemographic variables (gender, type of family and religion) would contribute towards newlinethe development of well-being among adolescents. Accordingly psychological tools newlinewere adopted. The sample consisted of 903 students studying in plus one and plus two newline(age 16-18 years) Government aided and unaided state-syllabus schools in Parur, subdistrict of Ernakulum, Kerala. Among them 450 adolescents were from nuclear families and 453 others were from joint families. Gender-wise the sample constituted of 413 adolescents males and 490 females. A quantitative survey method design and newlinepurposive sampling method was adopted in the study. Spearman s coefficient of correlation was used to measure the relationship between the variables. -
Perceived Discrimination of Old Settlers in Sikkim
The old settlers in Sikkim are a community of mainland Indians whose ancestors had settled at least 15 years before the merger with India in 1975. At present, the total population of the community is less than three thousand individuals, comprising various ethnicities. This qualitative study focuses on the perceived discrimination of the old settlers, who form a demographic minority in the state. Data was collected using telephonic interviews from a sample of 11 old settlers. Thematic analysis indicated racial differences between the northeasterner indigenous community and mainland Indian old settlers as a major reason for perceived discrimination. The participants expressed the experience of negative emotional reactions, such as anger and disappointment, when they faced discrimination. The participants also felt betrayed by the government of India because they did not receive adequate protection for their rights when their identity in Sikkim changed from foreigners to citizens. Reactions to discrimination included migrating out of the state, experiencing negative emotions such as anger, disappointment and fear, and learned helplessness. 2022 Bhasker Malu, Santhosh Kareepadath Rajan, Nikhita Jindal, Aishwarya Thakur, Tanvi Raghuram.