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Synthesis of 4H-3,1-Benzothiazin-4-Ones via C-N/C-S Bond Forming Reactions
A Phosphine-free and effective process has been expressed for the formulation of N,S-heterocycles following a C-N/C-S bond forming reactions. The described process operates through EDC-HCl-mediated heterocyclization of diverse isothiocyanates and bis-nucleophiles to deliver 1,3-thiazinone derivatives, which eliminates the use of hazardous reagents. The developed protocol was found applicable over a wide range of substrates in delivering N,S-heterocycles in excellent yields at room temperature and short reaction time. 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Voltage stability analysis using L-index under various transformer tap changer settings
Voltage stability is a major problem in power system which depended on many factors like improper load forecasting, generator outage, line fault and shortage of reactive power supply etc. For a secure and economic power system operation voltage stability should be maintained within permissible limit. Voltage stability is a measure of whole power system quality. Voltage stability studies can done by analyzing reactive power production, transmission of power and consumption. In this paper voltage stability analysis of an IEEE 14 bus system is done by calculating L-index of the buses. From load flow studies optimized voltage is chosen, and by using these voltage values L-index is calculated. From the calculated L-index values we can find out vulnerable buses. How the transformer tap changing effect the voltage stability is also calculated here. 2016 IEEE. -
Estimation of spectroscopic parameters and TL glow curve analysis of Eu3+-activated CaY2O4 phosphor
The solid-state reaction method was utilised to create a down-conversion phosphor in an air environment in CaY2O4:Eu3+ nanocrystalline material. The calcination temperature was set at 1000 C, and the sintering temperature was set at 1300 C. Following annealing, confirmation of the crystallinity quality of the phosphor was accomplished by the use of X-ray diffraction analysis. The particle size was predicted to be 43.113 nm using Scherrer's formula. To produce down-conversion luminescence spectra, an excitation wavelength of 247 nm was applied with a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The PL got increasingly intense as the concentration of the dopant increased. The maximum intensity was measured at 2.0 mol% of Eu3+ ion, which gradually decreased as the concentration increased because of concentration quenching. To analyse spectrophotometric peak determinations, the approach developed by the Commission Internationale de l'lairage (CIE) was used. Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve analysis of the CaY2O4:Eu3+-doped phosphor manufactured here revealed a wide TL centred at 225 C, which comprised of so many peaks that may be extracted by the computerised glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) approach using glow-fit software. The associated kinetic parameters were then determined. The prepared phosphor may be useful for application in various display devices upon excitation by 247 nm; the prominent 613 nm peak of the Eu3+ ion (5D0 ? 7F2) electric dipole transition features a red component. CaY2O4:Eu3+ phosphors show promise as materials for potential use in phosphor-converted white LEDs in the field of solid-state lighting technology. The linear connection that the TL glow curve has with UV dose provides evidence for its possible use in dosimetry. 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
The hope and the dilemma of the urban poor
A common view about economically weaker sections and lower-income groups in India is that they live in slums because they cannot afford to buy or rent decent accommodation in the formal market. However, some can pay a monthly rent and/or for the services such as garbage disposal and water, but they, and others who can afford to buy, are deterred by institutional constraints. Many slum households face a dilemma: opting for better and more secure living conditions would mean losing some of the advantages of living in a slum and the possibility of a free home. 2018 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
Influence of product and place factors on consumer buying behavior in formal footwear sector /
International Journal of Management and Social Science Research Review, Vol.1, Issue 2, pp.354-362, ISSN No: 2349-6738 (Print) 2349-6746 (Online) -
A Study on Laptop Brand Preferences in B-Schools
Volume : 2 | Issue : 12 | Dec 2013 • ISSN No 2277 - 8160 -
Impact of visual merchandising on consumers' purchase decision in apparel retail /
International Journal of Business and Administration Research, Vol.2, Issue 6, pp.271-279, ISSN No: 2348-0653. -
Innovation and Progress: An Insight into the Indian Business Start- Ups and the Promotion of Scientific Temper for Socio-Economic Advancement
The Constitution of India through its 42nd Amendment of 1976, incorporated scientific temper' as one of the Fundamental Duties to every Indian citizen under Article 51 A (h). The first Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru mentions this term in his book Discovery of India where he characterized scientific temper as a mind-set to change or alter one's intuition in the light of evidences and not to accept anything which appears to be irrational or without proof. Our country has consistently put forth attempts to concede to the scientific temper, time and again and emphasised its significance. In 2013, the Science, Technology, and Innovation policy, developed by the Government of India pushed on the advancement of scientific temper amongst every citizen. However, it needs to go quite far to appropriately show this temperament while fostering the resolutions for achieving socio-economic goals of the country. Presently, it has been noticed that business ventures are intensely reliant uponscientific temper and this will be ultimately essential for the entrepreneurs to succeed. Thus, small and micro undertakings backed by competitive and state of the art technology will be the foundation for greater enterprises in the country, resulting in economic boom. All future businesses will be driven by science and technology and hence, it is called for addition of new avenues and enterprises, with changing time and further with scientific temper as its major ingredient. Start-ups can be considered as one such innovation that has been leading businesses growing by leaps and bounds. In India, the last decade emerged with great start-ups like CRED, Meesho, Swiggy, Zomato, Delhivery, Oyo and many more, making itself one of the most important start-up hubs in Asia and perhaps even in the world. The scientific temper in start-ups can further do wonders to Indias socioeconomic growth in the long run. Hence, in this paper, the authors shall make an attempt to bring out the essence of scientific temper in bringing forth the technologically advanced start-ups in India and its capacity to form the basis of India's future in the global market, in terms of both technological advancements and entrepreneurship. The paper will also highlight the hindrances to its growth and suggest measures in contributing to the growth of start-up ecosystem in India. 2024, Department of Law, University of North Bengal. All rights reserved. -
Injective coloring of complementary prism and generalized complementary prism graphs
The complementary prism Gof a graph G is the graph obtained by drawing edges between the corresponding vertices of a graph G and its complement. In this paper, we generalize the concept of complementary prisms of graphs and determine the injective chromatic number of generalized complementary prisms of graphs. We prove that for any simple graph G of order n, ?i(G ? n and if G is a graph with a universal vertex, then ?i(G = n. 2020 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
On the k-Forcing Number of Some DS-Graphs
Amos et al. introduced the notion of k-forcing number as a generalization of Zero forcing number and is denoted by Fk(G) where k> 0 is any positive integer, the k -forcing number of a graph is the minimum cardinality among all k -forcing sets of a graph G. In this paper, many bounds for k -forcing number of degree splitting graph DS(G) for different graph classes are found. We evaluate the value of k -forcing number of degree splitting graph of some of the Cartesian product graph for different values of k. Also we observed that for Tur graph Tn , t, upper and lower bound is given by, Fk(Tn , t) ? Fk(DS(Tn , t) ) ? Fk(Tn , t) + 1. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Open global shadow graph and its zero forcing number
Zero forcing number of a graph is the minimum cardinality of the zero forcing set. A zero forcing set is a set of black vertices of minimum cardinality that can colour the entire graph black using the colour change rule: each vertex of G is coloured either white or black, and vertex v is a black vertex and can force a white neighbour only if it has one white neighbour. In this paper we identify a class of graph where the zero forcing number is equal to the minimum rank of the graph and call it as a new class of graph that is open global shadow graph. Some of the basic properties of open global shadow graph are studied. The zero forcing number of open global shadow graph of a graph with upper and lower bound is obtained. Hence giving the upper and lower bound for the minimum rank of the graph. 2023, Proyecciones. All Rights Reserved. -
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Regression Approach for Predictive Analysis in Cognitive Decline
Cognitive decline refers to the deterioration of cognitive abilities, including memory, thinking, and reasoning, often associated with aging or neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Machine learning (ML) methods can be used for predicting cognitive decline. Techniques such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), feed-forward neural networks, supervised, and unsupervised learning process and analyse data patterns to forecast cognitive changes. By analyzing large datasets, ML algorithms can identify subtle cognitive shifts and predict future decline, enabling early intervention and personalized healthcare strategies. These diverse ML methods provide valuable tools for understanding, detecting, and potentially mitigating cognitive decline, advancing our ability to address cognitive health challenges. Some of these methods have been discussed later. In this research paper, a model to predict cognitive decline using principles of logical regression is proposed. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
UVIT view of NGC 5291: Ongoing star formation in tidal dwarf galaxies at ? 0.35 kpc resolution
NGC 5291, an early-type galaxy surrounded by a giant H I ring, is believed to be formed from collision with another galaxy. Several star forming complexes and tidal dwarf galaxies are distributed along the collisional ring which are sites of star formation in environments where extreme dynamical effects are involved. Dynamical effects can affect the star formation properties and the spatial distribution of star forming complexes along the tidal features. To study and quantify the star formation activity in the main body and in the ring structure of the NGC 5291 system, we use high spatial resolution FUV and NUV imaging observations from the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope onboard AstroSat. A total of 57 star-forming knots are identified to be part of this interacting system out of which 12 are new detections (star forming complexes that lie inside the H I contour) compared to the previous measurements from lower resolution UV imaging. We estimate the attenuation in UV for each of the resolved star-forming knots using the UV spectral slope ?, derived from the FUV - NUV colour. Using the extinction corrected UV fluxes, we derive the star formation rate of the resolved star forming complexes. The extinction corrected total star formation rate of this system is estimated as 1.75 0.04 M? yr-1. The comparison with dwarf galaxy populations (BCD, Sm, and dIm galaxies) in the nearby Universe shows that many of the knots in the NGC 5291 system have SFR values comparable to the SFR of BCD galaxies. 2023 The Author(s). -
Elicitor and precursor-induced approaches to enhance the in vitro production of L-DOPA from cell cultures of Mucuna pruriens
Elicitation and precursor feeding are two important strategies in the in vitro techniques to enhance metabolite production to meet the demand of mankind. The secondary metabolites produced by the plants are extensively used in pharmaceutical, food and agro-chemical industries. One such metabolite is 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) produced from Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. is used since ancient times to treat Parkinson's disease. Though all parts produce L-DOPA, the seed has the highest quantity. To overcome the extensive usage of the natural sources whose growth and metabolite production is highly dependent on edaphic and ecological factors, in vitro techniques like establishing cell culture for continuous production of metabolites, precursor feeding and elicitation of cell cultures to enhance the metabolite production has been reported in the present study. Callus was developed from the in vitro leaf explant and cell suspension culture was established in the liquid Murashige and Skoog's medium fortified with 0.5 mg/L picloram. Amino acid precursors like tyrosine, phenylalanine and chemical elicitors like methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, sodium nitroprusside and silver nitrate were exposed to cell cultures for different periods (3, 6 and 9 days respectively). The precursors showed a better response in enhancing both the biomass and L-DOPA when compared to the elicitors. 500 and 1000 mg/L tyrosine showed a 1.6- and an 8.1-fold increase in biomass and L-DOPA production respectively when supplemented with MS media. However, though all the elicitors enhanced the L-DOPA production by 1.13.3-folds they did not show much significant increase in biomass. Precursor feeding approaches enhanced the metabolite considerably more than the elicitor treatment. Based on the productivity (Biomass L-DOPA conc.) precursors like Tyrosine>Phenylalanine and elicitors like Sodium nitroprusside>Silver nitrate>Methyl jasmonate>Salicylic acid showed better response. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
Role of polyamines in plant tissue culture: An overview
Since the era of plant tissue culture bloomed, we have started approaching from a biotechnological perspective to overcome the massive challenges like inducing embryogenesis and organogenesis, initiating rooting, increasing the number of plantlets, establishing a callus from various organs of plants and also enhancing the metabolite content which was a mind-boggling thought once upon a time. Use of various elicitors, altering the media components, the strength of media, pH, precursor feeding etc. have all contributed tremendously in the in-vitro techniques used for culturing rare, endemic and medicinal plants for the commercial purposes. Owing to the demand for the plant products and drugs, the search for the other superior novel methods to increase its quantity and quality has not been stopped. Thus, one such method is the use of chemical compounds with many amino groups which serves as an additional source of nitrogen in the media and these organic compounds are called polyamines. Polyamines are known to play a wide role in plant physiological processes helping them in differentiation, inducing totipotency, increasing cell division and also in molecular signaling. Polyamines have a versatile application in this field ranging from establishing a callus to the elicitation of secondary metabolites. Thus, polyamines can be considered as a boon to the plant tissue culture field. In this review article, we have mainly focused on the in-depth applications of major polyamines like putrescine, spermidine and spermine in the field of plant tissue culture. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature. -
Establishment of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. callus and optimization of cell suspension culture for the production of anti-Parkinsons drug: L-DOPA
It has become a huge challenge to satisfy the emerging demand for levo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), an anti-Parkinsons drug in the international drug market. This is attributed to the conventional methods of extraction from the natural sources of Mucuna spp., which has a low germination rate, less viable seeds, and an irritating, itching trichomes on the pods. The need for an alternative method with continuous supply of L-DOPA without affecting the natural biodiversity has been achieved through in vitro procedures. However, there has not been a systematic approach to optimize the cultural conditions for the maximum productivity. Hence, in this study, we aim at optimizing the cultural conditions for high biomass and L-DOPA production. Various plant growth regulators such as auxins (indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, picloram [Pic], naphthalene acetic acid, and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), cytokinins (kinetin, benzylaminopurine, 2-isopentenyl adenine, and thidiazuron), and their combinations have been experimented to figure out the best combination to induce callus. At the same time, various factors such as growth kinetics, different media (MS, Gamborgs-B5, Chus-N6, and Nitsch and Nitsch), media strength (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0X), effect of different macro elements and their strength (0, 0.5,1, 1.5, 2, and 3X), inoculum density, different hydrogen ion concentration (pH), ammonium/nitrate concentration, different sucrose concentrations (010%), and other carbon sources have been investigated in detail for optimizing the cell suspension culture. It was found out that 0.5 mg/L Pic gave the best results for callus induction. With respect to biomass, 6-week growth period (135.7 g/L fresh weight [FW]), 1.0X MS media (126.87 g/L FW), 1.5X magnesium sulfate (266.3 g/L FW), ammonium/nitrate ratio of 21.57/18.8 mM (131.4 g/L FW), pH of 6.0 (129.47 g/L FW), 100 g/L of inoculum (222.2 g/L FW), 3% sucrose concentration (125.6 g/L FW), and 3% glucose (183.4 g/L FW) as other carbon sources were found to give the highest biomass. In terms of L-DOPA production, 3-week growth period (5.90 mg/g dry weight [DW]), 0.5X B5 medium (4.27 mg/g DW), 2.0X calcium chloride (5.06 mg/g DW), ammonium/nitrate ratio of 21.57/18.8 mM (3.44 mg/g DW), pH 6.5 (4.02 mg/g DW), inoculum density of 30 g/L (4.79 mg/g DW), and 2% sucrose (5.17 mg/g DW) resulted in a higher L-DOPA yield. 2022 Rakesh and Praveen. -
Biotic elicitation mediated in vitro production of L-DOPA from Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. cell cultures
With the emerging rise in the need for drugs extracted from various plant sources, there also arises the need for the optimum production of the drugs on a larger scale and conservation of those medicinal plants using different in vitro techniques and biotechnological approaches. Plant tissue culture techniques play a prominent role in mass multiplication of the plant. Whereas, strategies such as precursor feeding, elicitation, increases the metabolite content several-fold. Thus, an attempt of using the biotic elicitors for enhancing L-DOPA production, the anti-Parkinsons drug from Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. cell cultures, has been reported in the present study. Aqueous extracts of algae [Amphiroa anceps (AA), Gracillaria ferogusonii (GF), Kappaphycus striatum (KS), and Sargassum lanceolatum (SL)], fungus [Aspergillus sps. (AS), Penicillium sps. (PE), and Cordyceps sps (CO)], and polysaccharide [Chitosan (CH)] solution were exposed to the cell cultures for 3, 6, and 9 d, respectively, and their effect on biomass and L-DOPA production was noted. This is the first report demonstrating the enhancement of biomass and L-DOPA from M. pruriens cell cultures with the use of various algal and fungal elicitors. Based on productivity (L-DOPA concentration biomass volume), it was observed that Cordyceps showed the best result and enhanced both biomass and metabolite to a greater scale. The elicitors, which showed a significant increase, are as follows: CO > AS > PE > CH > AA > KS > GF > SL. On the whole, it was noted that fungal extracts showed better results than algae. 2022, The Society for In Vitro Biology. -
Variations in the l-dopa content, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of different germlines of mucuna pruriens (l.) dc.
In this study a 'wonder plant' Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC., which is commercially important medicinal plant of the Fabaceae family known for its treatment in Central Nervous System disorders like Dementia, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, etc. have been selected. Different germplasms have been collected to analyze the phytochemical variations between them and quantify the L-DOPA in root, stem, leaves and seeds of all the five germlines using HPLC. Along with the biochemical assays, antioxidant activity by DPPH, phosphomolybdneum method, the metal chelating and reductive potential activity of all the germplasms were studied. All parts of the plant have shown the presence of L-DOPA but, seeds have the highest quantity followed by the roots, stem and leaves. Arka Shubra seeds showed high L-DOPA content (51.9 mg/g) while the other germplasms showed L-DOPA ranging from 43-45 mg/g. Highest content of carbohydrates (258.8 mg/g) and phenolics (157.0 mg/g) was seen in the seeds of Arka Aswini. While the seeds and leaves of Arka Charaka showed high protein (332.2 mg/g) and flavonoid (10.2 mg/g) content, respectively. High proline (1.74 mg/g) was observed in the seeds of Arka Shubra. Antioxidant studies revealed that Arka Charaka and Arka Daksha to be having high reductive power and free radical scavenging activity by phosphomolybdate method while high metal chelating activity was observed in Arka Aswini (88.7%) and high antioxidant activity by DPPH method was seen in Arka Shubra (86.5%). 2021 Chemical Publishing Co.. All rights reserved. -
Asset liability management to control the volatility in net interest income and economic value through gap analysis of selected public and private sector banks /
International Journal Of Academic Research In Business And Social Science, Vol.6, Issue 1, pp.123-142, ISSN: 2222-6990.