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A Simple and Efficient [(n-Bu3Sn)2MO4]n Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinazolinones and Dihydroquinazolinones
A novel unprecedented approach for the synthesis of various quinazolinones and dihydroquinazolinones has been using [(n-Bu3Sn)2MO4]n as a catalyst. The reaction has been screened in various solvents and a gram scale experiment has also been demonstrated under given conditions. Further, the substrate scope of the reaction and the recyclability of the catalyst have also been studied. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Network pharmacological evaluation for identifying novel drug-like molecules from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) against multiple disease targets, a computational biotechnology approach
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a popular spice used globally in ethnic cuisines and witnessed its extensive use in traditional medicine. In this study, we identified 12 phytochemicals from the ginger rhizome extract (hexane) through GC/MS analysis. After evaluating drug-likeliness, these phytochemicals were docked with 16 target proteins in silico, and docking scores were compared with their respective control drugs. Furthermore, multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis-PCA) was performed, and three different chemical clusters were identified. Pharmacophore analysis further identified common functional descriptors in the compounds under study. Finally, we developed a unique three-level network taking phytochemicals, target proteins and associated diseases based on the optimum docking scores. Overall, Oleic acid, Palmitic acid and Shogaol showed the highest coverage to the target proteins (12, 10 and 9 targets, respectively) and Oleic Acid scored the highest (5956) in PatchDock when docked against Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PDB id 1KNU, UniProt id P37231). This work provided significant insight into developing the protocol for rapid identification of potential drug likeliness of the identified phytochemicals. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature. -
Volatility in Indian stock markets during COVID-19: An analysis of equity investment strategies
The aim of the paper is to evaluate the impact of novel COVID-19 on the returns and volatility of Indian stock markets with special reference to equity investment strategies of the Bombay Stock Exchange. For the purpose of evaluating the impact, the study has applied GARCH. The research has considered a time frame from March 2015 to January 2021. Prior to implementing GARCH model, pre-estimation tests (i.e., augmented Dickey-Fuller and ARCH-Lagrange multiplier) were conducted. Outcomes clearly indicate that the returns during the crisis for all the strategy indices have been negative, which means that the COVID-19 outbreak resulted in massive losses. Additionally, 'during crisis' period showed an increase in volatility for all the strategy indices depicting that the pandemic has a long-lasting effect and will take time to fade off. This research will help the investors in the investment decision process by giving them insights about the different strategies. 2021. -
Environmental Management: Pragmatic Suitability of Low Cost Activated Carbon in Lead (II)Ion Removal by Continuous Mode of Adsorption
Heavy metals such as chromium, lead, and arsenic are usually present in trace amounts in natural waters but many of them are toxic even at very low concentrations. An increasing quantity of heavy metals in our resources is currently an area of greater concern, especially since a large number of industries are discharging their metal containing effluents into freshwater without any adequate treatment. Activated carbons show a significant ability in removing heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution by adsorption, which has been examined by many researchers. Activated carbon derived from Manilkarazapota tree-wood (MZTWAC), which was found to be a suitable adsorbent for the removal of lead ions through continuous adsorption mode, was examined in this paper. A breakthrough curve has been plotted to find the effect of initial concentration and adsorbent bed height in the adsorption of lead (II)ion through MZTWAC. The breakthrough time and the saturation time increased as the initial concentration increased from 40 mg.L-1 to 60 mg.L-1. The saturation time was in the incremental mode when the bed height was increased from 5 cm to 7 cm bed thickness for 40 mg.L-1 concentration. Adams-Boharts model perfectly fits with this fixed-bed column in the removal of lead(II) from an aqueous solution using MZTWAC. Activated carbon derived from MZTWAC is better suited for the purpose of detoxifying metal-contaminated wastewater. 2021 Technoscience Publications. All rights reserved. -
Irreversibility analysis of radiative heat transport of Williamson material over a lubricated surface with viscous heating and internal heat source
Thecurrent research explores the importance of surface lubrication and convective boundary conditions in the flow of non-Newtonian Williamson material. Rosseland radiative heat flux and viscous heating are also considered. The phenomenon of the generation or absorption of internal heat is studied. The conservation laws of momentum, mass, and energy are used to model the problem with suitable boundary conditions. With the help of appropriate transformations and the finite difference method, highly nonlinear equations of governance are solved. The influence of key parameters on Bejan number, velocity, entropy production, temperature profiles are analyzed by parametric analysis. It was found that the entropy generation rate improves due to the presence of the Rosseland radiative heat flux and the convective boundary on the lubricated surface. The sliding condition on the lubricated surface has lengthened the structure of the velocity boundary layer, while this trend is opposite to the thermal field. The dissipation due to the viscous forces of the Williamson material improves the production of entropy. 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC -
Student alienation and perceived organizational culture: A correlational study
It is generally expected that the students are supposed to gain an engaging and enriching experience throughout their journey of higher education. The educational institutions have to take up the responsibility to ensure that students are engaged meaningfully and are in a state of well-being. However, in the present scenario, students at colleges and universities have started to feel alienated from the campus life. Research shows that alienation levels are rising among the youth. Factors like stress, coping mechanism, restrictive parental behavior, peer pressure, academic performance, and organizational culture have an impact on alienation among the students. This study attempts to understand the relationship between student alienation and organizational culture in an educational institution. The study employed a descriptive correlational design and collected data from 600 under graduate students studying in a university. The study used student alienation scale and organizational culture assessment instrument to collect the survey data. Study revealed that there is a negative correlation between student alienation and organizational culture. There were 30% variation in student alienation is explained by different types of organizational culture. Clan culture reduces student alienation compared to hierarchy culture. The researchers urge for further research to identify ideal organizational cultures that can promote student engagement and student well-being. 2021, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
An Adoptable Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis to Select a Best Hair Mask Product-Extended Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment Method
Hair masks (HMs) act as one of the solutions for most of the hair problems like dandruff, frizziness, breakage, premature- greying and so on. Due to its various benefits, HM products are acquiring more popularity among the individuals. As there are different varieties of HM products available in the market, the confusion arises in choosing a HM which suits the individuals hair profile and causes less side effects. Here, we have employed multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) combined with fuzzy set theory to obtain better results. We used the extended Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method based on trapezoidal interval type-2 fuzzy set (TIT2FS) in this research paper to handle vagueness and complexity in real-world problems. For determining the objective weights of the criteria, we used the entropy method of weight finding. An example of selecting a hair mask product (HMP) among four alternatives based on five criteria is provided to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method. In comparison to other MCDM methods, the approach yielded more practical results. By doing a sensitive study, the methods stability is also assessed. 2021, The Author(s). -
Analysis of multilayer convective flow of a hybrid nanofluid in porous medium sandwiched between the layers of nanofluid
AgBr acts as a good sensitizer for titanium oxide, hence TiO2AgBr nanoparticles exhibit high photocatalytic activity which helps decompose methyl orange under visible light irradiation. Methyl orange is a chemical compound that is hard to degrade and has high stability. It is photoreactive and can capture photons from the sun and is highly used as a light harvester in solar cells, hence, it is used in solar applications. In view of this, the present article deals with the analysis of heat transfer in a multilayer flow of two immiscible nanofluids in a vertical channel that finds application in the fields of solar reactors, electronic cooling, and so on. The mathematical model involving the effect of thermal radiation and the presence of heat source is in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations. This system of equations is simplified using the differential transform method-Padapproximant and the resulting equations are solved algebraically. It is observed that the temperature of the coolant does not reach its saturation point faster due to the presence of different base fluids that differ in their thermal conductivity. This helps in maintaining theoptimum temperature of the system. 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC -
A study on heat transfer in three-dimensional nonlinear convective boundary layer flow of nanomaterial considering the aggregation of nanoparticles
Thermal systems of solar collectors, electronic cooling, nuclear reactors, and combustion operate at high thermal conditions, and in such circumstances, the density relation of the working fluids with the thermal field may not be linear. The working fluid features are significantly affected by nonlinear density temperature fluctuations. Therefore, a theoretical study of the quadratic Boussinesq approximation (with quadratic density temperature [QDT] variation) and quadratic Rosseland radiation on the three-dimensional boundary layer dynamics and heat transport of ethylene glycol-based titania nanomaterial is carried out. The phenomenon of the kinematics of nanoparticle aggregation is also analyzed by considering modified models proposed by MaxwellBruggeman and KriegerDougherty for thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. The flow is induced by the elongation of a flexible flat plate in two directions. A comparison of heat transfer features of linear elongation of the plate and nonlinear elongation of the plate is conducted. The Rosseland radiative heat flux is studied in three different forms. The governing nonlinear equations are treated using apt nondimensionalization, stretching transformation, and then by using the Richardson extrapolation method. The results are presented via plots to analyze the impact of key parameters involved in the model. The magnitude of the nanomaterial temperature is enhanced due to the kinematics of nanoparticle aggregation. Among linear, quadratic, and nonlinear forms of Rosseland radiative heat flux, the quadratic radiative heat is more suitable when QDT is considered. A positive relationship is found between heat transfer and volume fraction and a positive relationship is observed between heat transfer and the QDT factor. The magnitude of the velocities and thermal field is higher for flow driven due to the linear elongation of the plate than the nonlinear case. 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC -
Generalized Ricci soliton and paracontact geometry
In the present paper, we study generalized Ricci soliton in the framework of paracontact metric manifolds. First, we prove that if the metric of a paracontact metric manifold M with Q?= ?Q is a generalized Ricci soliton (g,X) and if X? 0 is pointwise collinear to ?, then M is K-paracontact and ?-Einstein. Next, we consider closed generalized Ricci soliton on K-paracontact manifold and prove that it is Einstein provided ?(?+ 2 n?) ? 1. Next, we study K-paracontact metric as gradient generalized almost Ricci soliton and in this case we prove that (i) the scalar curvature r is constant and is equal to - 2 n(2 n+ 1) ; (ii) the squared norm of Ricci operator is constant and is equal to 4 n2(2 n+ 1) , provided ??? - 1. 2021, Instituto de Matemica e Estattica da Universidade de S Paulo. -
Identification of potential ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors from Andrographis paniculata: An insilico approach
Andrographis paniculata is a widely used medicinal plant for treating a variety of human infections. The plant's bioactives have been shown to have a variety of biological activities in various studies, including potential antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of experimental models. The present investigation identifies a potent antiviral compound from the phytochemicals of Andrographis paniculata against Zika virus using computational docking simulation. The ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease, which is involved in viral replication, has been considered as a promising target for Zika virus drug development. The bioactives from Andrographis paniculata, along with standard drugs as control were screened for their binding energy using AutoDock 4.2 against the viral protein. Based on the higher binding affinity the phytocompounds Bisandrographolide A (-11.7), Andrographolide (-10.2) and Andrographiside (-9.7) have convenient interactions at the binding site of target protein (ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease) in comparison with the control drug. In addition, using insilico tools, the selected high-scoring molecules were analysed for pharmacological properties such as ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion profile) and toxicity. Andrographolide was reported to have strong pharmacodynamics properties and target accuracy based on the Lipinski rule and lower binding energy. The selected bioactives showed lower AMES toxicity and has potent antiviral activity against zika virus targets. Further, MD simulation studies validated Bisandrographolide A & Andrographolide as a potential hit compound by exhibiting good binding with the target protein. The compounds exhibited good hydrogen bonds with ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease. As a result, bioactives from the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata can be studied in vitro and in vivo to develop an antiviral phytopharmaceutical for the successful treatment of zika virus. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
An efficient privacy-preserving model based on OMFTSA for query optimization in crowdsourcing
Crowdsourcing is now one of the most important and transformative paradigms, with great success in a variety of application tasks. Crowdsourcing obtains knowledge and information to solve cognitive or intelligence-intensive tasks from an evolving group of participants via the Internet. Unfortunately, providing a hard privacy guarantee and query optimization is incompatible when a higher task acceptance rate needs to be accomplished and this case is common in most existing crowdsourcing solutions. The state of art systems suffered from different complexities such as lack of crowdsourcing optimization techniques, increased cost, latency, security, and scalability issues. In this paper, we have proposed a crowdsourcing model to optimize the cost and latency, issues that occur while query optimization using the Moth Flame and Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (MF-TSA). The TSA algorithm is added to the MF algorithm to enhance its exploitation capability and yield fast convergence. The data privacy concerns of the worker and the requestor are addressed using homomorphic encryption that simultaneously enhances the efficiency of the crowdsourcing framework. The main aim of this work is to optimize the cost and latency for query plan selection along with security. Initially, the homomorphic encryption model is used to encrypt the data. In query design, two kinds of crowd-controlled administrators, that is, Crowd Powered Selection (CSelect) and Crowd Powered Join (CJoin) are connected for assessing query. The proposed framework utilizes MF-TSA to optimize the selection and join queries with low cost and latency. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate better query optimization performance than other existing algorithms such as sequential, parallel, and CrowdOp. 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Heat and mass transfer of triple diffusive convection in viscoelastic liquids under internal heat source modulations
The influence of sinusoidal (trigonometric cosine [TC]) and nonsinusoidal waveforms (square, sawtooth, and triangular) of internal heat source modulation on triple diffusive convection in viscoelastic liquids is investigated. An Oldroyd-B type model is taken into account for viscoelastic liquids. Nonlinear analysis is carried out using a truncated representation of the Fourier series. To analyze the heat and mass transfer over a triply diffusive liquid layer, expressions for average Nusselt and average Sherwood numbers are derived using 8-mode generalized Lorenz equations. The transient behavior of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers is analyzed on different parameters of the problem. From the results, it is found that the internal heat source enhances the heat transfer and diminishes the mass transfer while the heat sink diminishes the heat transfer and enhances the mass transfer. The results for respective waveforms are obtained for each parameter and it is found that the maximum heat and mass transfer occurs due to TC waveform. The limiting cases of viscoelastic liquids (Newtonian, Oldroyd-B, Maxwell, and RivlinEricksen) have been tabulated and corresponding results for each of the waveforms onheat and mass transfer have been shown. 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC -
Cross-layer hidden Markov analysis for intrusion detection
Ad hoc mobile cloud computing networks are affected by various issues, like delay, energy consumption, flexibility, infrastructure, network lifetime, security, stability, data transition, and link accomplishment. Given the issues above, route failure is prevalent in ad hoc mobile cloud computing networks, which increases energy consumption and delay and reduces stability. These issues may affect several interconnected nodes in an ad hoc mobile cloud computing network. To address these weaknesses, which raise many concerns about privacy and security, this study formulated clustering-based storage and search optimization approaches using cross-layer analysis. The proposed approaches were formed by cross-layer analysis based on intrusion detection methods. First, the clustering process based on storage and search optimization was formulated for clustering and route maintenance in ad hoc mobile cloud computing networks. Moreover, delay, energy consumption, network lifetime, and link accomplishment are highly addressed by the proposed algorithm. The hidden Markov model is used to maintain the data transition and distributions in the network. Every data communication network, like ad hoc mobile cloud computing, faces security and confidentiality issues. However, the main security issues in this article are addressed using the storage and search optimization approach. Hence, the new algorithm developed helps detect intruders through intelligent cross layer analysis with the Markov model. The proposed model was simulated in Network Simulator 3, and the outcomes were compared with those of prevailing methods for evaluating parameters, like accuracy, end-to-end delay, energy consumption, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, and throughput. 2022 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved. -
Quantum fractional order Darwinian particle swarm optimization for hyperspectral multi-level image thresholding
A Hyperspectral Image (HSI) is a data cube consisting of hundreds of spatial images. Each captured spatial band is an image at a particular wavelength. Thresholding of these images is itself a tedious task. Two procedures, viz., Qubit Fractional Order Particle Swarm Optimization and Qutrit Fractional Order Particle Swarm Optimization are proposed in this paper for HSI thresholding. The Improved Subspace Decomposition Algorithm, Principal Component Analysis, and a Band Selection Convolutional Neural Network are used in the preprocessing stage for band reduction or informative band selection. For optimal segmentation of the HSI, modified Otsu's criterion, Masi entropy and Tsallis entropy are used. A new method for quantum disaster operation is implemented to prevent the algorithm from getting stuck into local optima. The implementations are carried out on three well known datasets viz., the Indian Pines, the Pavia University and the Xuzhou HYSPEX. The proposed methods are compared with state-of-the-art methods viz., Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization, Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization, Fractional Order Particle Swarm Optimization, Exponential Decay Weight PSO and Heterogeneous Comprehensive Learning PSO concerning the optimal thresholds, best fitness value, computational time, mean and standard deviation of fitness values. Furthermore, the performance of each method is validated with Peak signal-to-noise ratio and SensenDice Similarity Index. The KruskalWallis test, a statistical significance test, is conducted to establish the superiority in favor of the proposed methods. The proposed algorithms are also implemented on some benchmark functions and real life images to establish their universality. 2021 Elsevier B.V. -
Novel approach to the analysis of fifth-order weakly nonlocal fractional Schringer equation with Caputo derivative
The main goal of this study is to find solutions for the fractional model of the fifth-order weakly nonlocal Schringer equation incorporating nonlinearity of the parabolic law and external potential using a recent modification of the homotopy analysis method (HAM) called the q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM). A mixture of q-HAM and Laplace transform is the projected solutions procedure. The method contributes approximate and exact (for some special cases) solutions such as the bright soliton, dark soliton, and exponential solutions. The simulation results using Mathematica package software, demonstrate that only a few terms are enough to achieve precise, effective, and reliable approximate solutions. In addition, in terms of plots for varying fractional order, the physical behavior of q-HATM solutions has been depicted and the numerical simulation is also exhibited. The results of q-HATM reveal that the projected method is competitive, reliable, and powerful for studying complex nonlinear models of fractional type. 2021 The Authors -
Geographical and Gender Disparities in Financial Inclusion Diffusion in India
Financial inclusion is providing an opportunity to use essential banking and financial services to the less-privileged people and their businesses in order to accomplish an inclusive society and the inclusive economy. The efforts of policy makers towards achieving financial inclusion in India yielded fruitful results. Numbers of savings accounts, numbers of credit accounts, numbers of deposits, numbers of ATMs, and loan distribution to the micro and small enterprises have significantly improved in recent times. This study intends to provide answer to the question raised by examining the penetration of financial inclusion area wise, region wise and based on gender. This study has employed descriptive research design and has used secondary data for analysis. The study has found that there are geographical and gender disparities in financial inclusion penetration and financial inclusion penetration varies in terms of gender as well in India. Indian Institute of Finance. -
Perceived stress among information technology professionals in India during the COVID-19 pandemic
The Information Technology (IT) industry in India is an integral part of the nations economy. The COVID-19 pandemic is a cause of disquietude and is probably the gravest challenge encountered by the IT industry at present. Although the IT industry has contributed to varied sectors globally amid the crisis, IT professionals encounter a profusion of mental health challenges. Despite this, there have as yet been limited studies focusing on the mental health impact on IT professionals during this period. This study strives to explore the role of socio-demographic factors on perceived stress and to examine the association between gratitude and perceived stress among IT professionals in India during the pandemic. Data from 219 participants were included for analysis in this cross-sectional, correlational study. Findings suggest that there exists a significant difference in perceived stress based on gender, marital status, and parental status. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a significant negative association between gratitude and perceived stress. The study contributes to the field of cognitive ergonomics and broadens the theoretical knowledge base of perceived stress based on socio-demographic elements. Findings also have positive implications for organisational psychologists as they suggest that encouraging a focus on gratitude could aid in lower perceived stress. 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Effect of a novel sintering technique: hot coining on microstructure and mechanical properties of MWCNT reinforced Al metal matrix nanocomposite
Fabrication of MWCNT-reinforced nanocomposites with uniform distribution is still remaining as a challenge. Even for researchers who achieved uniform distribution in powder, boundary agglomerations are observed after sintering. Hot coining (HC) a novel technique for bulk sampling can achieve uniform distribution during sintering. Several mechanical testing and characterisation methods are applied closely to explore the mechanical properties and structural features of the hot coined AA2219-MWCNT composites. Hot coining results in significant improvement of mechanical properties when reinforced with 0.75wt.% MWCNT shows 38.8 % (Rockwell hardness), 106% (UTS), 183 % (impact strength) and 76% (radial crushing strength). But retardation in mechanical properties was observed above 0.75wt. %. During HC particle rearrangement and pushing of MWCNT towards particle boundary is not taking place as in other conventional and advanced sintering technology. The fracture surface of HC tensile specimen shows uniform dispersion and MWCNT alignment in the matrix. The fracture surface shows the mixed mode of fracture (ductile-brittle), and ductility is found to be decreasing with increased MWCNT concentration. 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
On the discrete weibull marshallolkin family of distributions: Properties, characterizations, and applications
In this article, we introduce a new flexible discrete family of distributions, which accommo-dates wide collection of monotone failure rates. A sub-model of geometric distribution or a discrete generalization of the exponential model is proposed as a special case of the derived family. Besides, we point out a comprehensive record of some of its mathematical properties. Two distinct estimation methods for parameters estimation and two different methods for constructing confidence intervals are explored for the proposed distribution. In addition, three extensive Monte Carlo simulations studies are conducted to assess the advantages between estimation methods. Finally, the utility of the new model is embellished by dint of two real datasets. 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.