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Grading of Apples Using Multiple Features
Apple is the most demanding food product that has the utmost importance when it comes to drupes. Food is the very basic necessity for our survival. Every new day brings a change, and the demand for a better quality is no greed. Quality food benefits the health of the living beings, and thus, it increases the economic growth of our country. There is a huge possibility that identifying the different varieties of apples is quite a tedious job for these traders and time consuming. Generally, identification is done manually by the very three basic senses: sight, hearing and smell. In the proposed work, an image processing technique is used to differentiate between the varieties of apples such that the manual process can be eliminated. Commercially available seven varieties of apple with various size, shape and color are considered to create database. Apples are purchased from different places across Karnataka, India to create the database. Various spatial and frequency domain based features are extracted from the images of apple. Naive Bayes, Random Forest and Multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifiers are used and got motivating results. An average accuracy of 78.47% is obtained using methods like Fourier Transform and Discrete Cosine Transform. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
GPR based subsurface geotechnical exploration
The Seismic refraction technique (SRT) and Electrical resistivity technique (ERT) have long been in use in geotechnical exploration. A relatively recent technique is Ground penetrating radar (GPR). The study presented in this paper is on GPR-aided geotechnical subsurface exploration. The usual method of exploration is drilling, which gives much-needed site-specific information, but is expensive and restricted to a few point locations. The possibilities of non-invasive investigation offered by GPR make it useful for supplementing geotechnical investigations. The present work describes GPR survey at a construction site in Mumbai. The objective was to derive subsurface logs from GPR signals. Conventionally, subsurface logging is done using boreholes. First, the extracted soil and rock samples are examined visually. Second, additional information such as Core recovery ratios (CRR), Rock quality designation (RQD) and Standard penetration test (SPT) N values are collected and strata are demarcated. In comparison, the amplitude variations of GPR signals may not correspond directly to variations of these physical properties with depth. However, the study shows that fairly good correlations do exist with the subsurface stratification and transformed signals. -
Government is trying but consumers are not buying: A barrier analysis for electric vehicle sales in India
It is a harsh fact that the introduction of various government schemes to push electric vehicle (EV) utilisation does not seem to appeal to the consumers. There are a few barriers that prevent consumers from purchasing EVs. Thus, in the present study, we have tried to identify and analyse the prominent barriers to the adoption of EVs by scrutinising the existing literature and defining new barriers. From the literature review, 35 barriers have been initially identified in the context of the Indian market. The study uses the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach for its analysis. The prominence and causal relationship analyses indicate that familial factors that hinder the decision to buy an EV and unclear government policies regarding EVs were the primary concerns with regard to these vehicles getting traction in the market. The results of this study illustrate the causal relationships amongst the identified barriers. On the other hand, the study reveals that the pricing of the EVs is not a major issue and that the consumers are more concerned about the availability of maintenance support post purchasing of the vehicles. 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers -
Goodness of fit test for Rayleigh distribution with censored observations
We develop new goodness of fit tests for Rayleigh distribution based on fixed point characterization. We use U-Statistic theory to derive the test statistics. First we develop a test for complete data and then discuss, how the right censored observations can be incorporated in the testing procedure. The asymptotic properties of the test statistic in both uncensored and censored cases are studied in detail. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation studies are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed tests. We illustrate the procedures using real data sets. We also provide, a goodness of fit test for the standard Rayleigh distribution based on jackknife empirical likelihood. 2023, Korean Statistical Society. -
Good-looking step in bad direction RBI Internal Working Group proposal
Learning outcomes: After discussing this case, the authors expect that the students will have the following learnings: critically analyse the latest Reserve Bank of India (RBI) banking proposal, which was proposed by the Internal Working Group (IWG) in November 2020. Understand concepts such as connected lending, crony capitalism and financial crisis. Have a basic idea about the Banking Regulations Act, 1949 and regulatory framework in the Indian banking sector. Case overview/synopsis: This case is an analysis of the recent RBI proposal on banking regulations in India. The authors have referred secondary data in terms of published papers by stalwarts and experts in the banking and economics field. This case analyses the pros and cons of the IWG proposal to RBI governing body. The case also touches upon interesting banking and macroeconomics concepts. What makes this case interesting is that RBI is open to receive comments from all the stakeholders till January 2021. Complexity academic level: Applicable to undergraduate and postgraduate students studying banking and finance specialisation in commerce and business management streams. Supplementary materials: Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS 1: Accounting and Finance. 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Gold vs Gold Exchange Traded Funds: An Empirical Study in India
This study aim of this is to estimate the relationship between gold and Gold Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) and the performance of Gold ETFs in India by using various statistical models. The data for the study covers a period of three years from 2015 to 2018. The data was collected from the National Stock Exchange database and other sources. The outcome of this study was to find out whether there is a relationship between gold and Gold ETFs. It was found out that Gold ETFs has more returns than the physical gold; Axis ETF performed the best among those Gold ETFs selected for the study. This study will be beneficial for the market researchers and investors who find the best opportunities in the Gold ETFs. 2019 EA. All rights reserved. -
Gold jewellery making and migrant labour force in Kerala /
Economic & Political Weekly, Vol.54, Issue 28, pp.106-113, ISSN No: 2349-8846. -
Gold jewellery making and migrant labour force in Kerala
The extent of the gold jewellery market in Kerala has widened and consumption patterns have drastically altered. The increasing presence of migrant workers in the industry is a direct consequence of the deregulation of the gold industry in the early 1990s. While resorting to a labour process framework, this paper elucidates the process of recruitment and the composition of workforce. The empirical data is based on the findings and observations gathered through intensive fieldwork conducted during the course of three years, from 2010 to 2013, in the gold jewellery making industry in Thrissur and Kozhikode districts. This work also relies on a larger data set, the Inter-State Migrant Survey conducted by the Centre for Development Studies in 2012, which collected data on migrant workers from four districts of Kerala. 2019 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
Going Organic: Empirical Study on Awareness of Organic and Aquaponically Grown Vegetables
In a world of constantly changing dynamics of lifestyle and health-culture, it has become necessary for individuals to constantly keep a check on their diet and its contents. Increasing levels of pollution and stress negatively affects both, the health and longevity of an individual. Owing to a decline in average health, more and more people today have started looking for alternatives that could make their diet cleaner and healthier. One such alternative identified is organic produce, which is 100% chemical free, and therefore healthier than conventionally produced food products. However, organic produce is highly expensive, making it less attractive to the masses. Aquaponics, is one such technique of producing organic vegetables in a sustainable manner, thereby reducing its cost. This paper aims to understand the awareness levels of Aquaponics as a technique of organic agriculture. The study performs various tests in order to understand the levels of awareness of Aquaponically grown organic produce within the country. The findings of the study prove that factors such as the prices of organic vegetables, their availability and brand recognition play a major role in influencing the purchase decision made by consumers. On the other hand, factors such as education levels of the consumers or their income levels do not have a major impact on their purchase patterns of organic vegetables. Further analysis revealed that greater awareness about Aquaponics in general, and increased production of organic vegetables through Aquaponics also has a positive impact on the purchase of such vegetables. 2020 International Farm Management Association and Institute of Agricultural Management. -
God has signed: Nature, divinity and mysticism in the poetry of Kuvempu
Kuvempu wrote a large number of poems on the mysteries of nature. Kuvempu hails from the heart of Western Ghats and he spent his childhood and youth exploring the forests around his house. Untrammelled nature was both mysterious and beautiful; hence nature turned out to be a primary inspiration to write poetry. Kuvempu looks outward, seeking to comprehend the oneness of all in nature through his senses. But he is also struck by the inability to comprehend and explain nature through senses. Often he expresses his awe at natural sights such as dawn (which appears to him as a God's signature) or the greenery of Western Ghats (which seems to have painted everything in nature in green, including poet's soul and the blood in the stomach). This leads Kuvempu to resort to mysticism in order to relate, comprehend and sing about nature. He sees in nature the divine presence. The paper will analyze poems such as Devaru Rujumadidanu, Ba Phalguna Ravidarshanake, and Prakriti Upasane, and explore the poetic perception of nature as divine through mysticism. 2014 Journal of Dharma: Dharmaram Journal of Religions and Philosophies (Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram, Bangalore). -
GNSS Signal Obstruction Removal Tool for Evaluating and Improving Position Accuracy in Satellite Networks
The positioning accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is largely affected by the site's surroundings. However, the methods to simulate GNSS signal obstruction and the nature of signal obstruction have not yet been explored fully. In this research, we investigated a way to remove the signals received from a specific region by specifying azimuth and elevation from GNSS observation files and evaluating how the removal of signals affects GNSS positioning accuracy. In addition, we also investigated the signal blockage for buildings of certain dimensions and a mountain. Python was used as a programming language to develop a program for the signal removal. RTKPOST was used for the GNSS data processing, and RTKPLOT was used for the visualisation of processed data and analysis of positioning accuracy. We successfully developed a Python shell script to remove the signals in GNSS data file from specific region by specifying azimuth and elevation. It was also found that removing signals from azimuth 0 to 100 degree and elevation 0 to 30 degree increased the positioning accuracy within a low multipath dataset. However, when the maximum elevation angle was increased to 45 degrees, positioning accuracy degraded, indicating that the signal from certain elevations have a positive or negative impact on positioning accuracy. Further research avenues are explored as an extension of work done here. 2023 IEEE. -
Globalization and luxury brands: How consumer behavior differs in emerging vs. established markets
The luxury industry has changed in established and emerging markets due to the globalization of luxury brands. While rising luxury businesses combine tradition with contemporary and embrace digital channels for reach, established luxury brands draw on their rich history and innovate to stay current. Due to the mix of cultures brought about by globalization, luxury businesses now need to strike a balance between cultural sensitivity and global appeal. Luxury firms are being forced to adopt ethical business methods to meet the growing demands of consumers worldwide for sustainability. Luxury brands need to adapt to this changing environment, stay culturally sensitive, and embrace sustainability if they want to succeed in the international world of luxury consumers. This chapter focuses on the determinants influencing consumer behavior towards the existing and established brands in the backdrop of globalization. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Globalisation, Privacy, and Data Protection A Glimpse of Changing Contours from a Human Rights Perspective
Though the union government made efforts to protect the data of individuals with the introduction of the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 and subsequently with the enactment of the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023, there are various lacunae which still need to be resolved. Against this background, the right to privacy and data protection in a globalised world is discussed, along with the need to bring about reforms for the effective implementation and protection of the same. 2023 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
Globalisation and carbon dioxide emissions inequality in OECD countries
Economic growth has been crucial in contributing to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the Industrial Revolution, and it affects CO2 emissions heterogeneously with different income levels. Therefore, studying the role of economic growth on inequality in carbon emissions is imperative. This paper analyses the determinants of CO2 emissions inequality in the panel dataset of 37 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1990 to 2019. Age dependency, globalisation, and institutional quality reduce CO2 inequality in the OECD economies. However, gross domestic product per capita increases CO2 inequality. The results are robust to utilise different panel data estimation techniques. This paper provides the first evidence in the literature of determinants of CO2 inequality across the OECD countries. It is suggested that governments in the OECD economies offer a blueprint for a sustainable society of green economic growth. Other potential policy implications are also discussed. 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Global Trade and Food Security
Global trade can increase food availability and improve food security by facilitating food movement between countries and regions. However, it also poses challenges to food security, including the displacement of small-scale farmers and food producers, food safety risks, dependence on imports, and the distortion of global trade through agricultural subsidies. To ensure food security in global trade, a coordinated and multi-sectoral approach is needed that promotes sustain-able and equitable food systems, local food production, and food safety. Addressing these challenges is critical for ensuring the adequacy and accessibility of sufficient, safe, and nutritious food while fostering economic development and environmental sustainability. Economic development and government policies are crucial deter-minants of a countrys ability to engage in global trade and ensure food security. Climate and weather patterns, agricultural practices, infrastructure and transporta-tion, and market demand influence food security significantly. Furthermore, interna-tional conflicts disrupt trade and impact food security. Policymakers must consider all these factors while developing policies promoting trade and ensuring food secu-rity. To solve these complicated concerns and promote sustainable agriculture and trade practices, governments, international organizations, and the corporate sector must work in concert to improve food security. Food security has a significant impact on global trade, as the availability and accessibility of food directly affect a countrys ability to engage in international trade. When a country experiences food shortages may reduce or halt its exports, causing a ripple effect in the global economy and leading to higher food prices and insecurity in other countries that rely on imported food. Nevertheless, economies with high levels of food security and surplus food production are better positioned to engage in global trade. They export food to other countries, generating revenue and supporting economic growth by creating trade barriers, as importing countries may reject or restrict such food products, nega-tively impacting global trade. In addition to the economic impacts, food security also has broader societal and environmental implications. For example, food insecu-rity can lead to malnutrition, affecting individuals physical and cognitive develop-ment, particularly children. Moreover, unsustainable agricultural practices can lead to environmental degradation, affecting biodiversity, soil quality, and water resources, affecting food security. The determinants of food security in global trade and its impact are analyzed in this chapter. Since food security is an essential factor in inter-national trade, impacting trade flows, economic growth, and public health. Promoting sustainable agriculture and trade practices and building robust food security systems can support a more resilient and equitable global food system, benefiting producers and consumers. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
GLOBAL POVERTY AND HUMAN SECURITY: A VASUDHAIVA KU?U?BAKA? PERSPECTIVE
Poverty has been a persistent issue throughout human history, affecting societies worldwide. In the major industrialized nations, social welfare policies served as the primary approach to poverty alleviation until the late 20th century. In 1994, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) introduced a human-centred sustainable development model, emphasizing human security as a means to eradicate poverty and other forms of insecurity. Despite these efforts, data from the World Bank and other international organizations indicate that a significant portion of the global population remains impoverished, highlighting the ongoing need for development and inclusivity. The ancient Indian concept of vasudhaiva ku?u?baka?, which promotes open-mindedness, interconnectedness, brotherhood, and fairness, offers a universal vision rooted in a family model. Interpreted in a contemporary context, vasudhaiva ku?u?baka? presents a global perspective that resonates with the principles of human security. Integrating this concept with the human security framework holds the potential to address global poverty and promote the universality of human rights. This article seeks to reconstruct the human security paradigm through the perspective of vasudhaiva ku?u?baka? in order to eradicate poverty and promote global well-being. 2024 Journal of Dharma: Dharmaram Journal of Religions and Philosophies (DVK, Bangalore). -
Global Peace in Virtual World-Dispute Settlement Through on Line Resolution
SPC ERA International Journal of Business and Management, Vol-2 (3), pp. 1-3. ISSN-2347-9647 -
Global iPhone Local Labour: Exploring ICT Production, Labour and Cultural Production
A theory of value pertinent to the contemporary iPhone era focuses on formal and informal labour circuits. This study extends this framework by examining a labour dispute in an iPhone factory near Bangalore, delving into its dissemination through media and the broader critical political economy surrounding the recent iPhone production in India. Furthermore, it incorporates a geographical perspective into the circuit framework to illustrate the movement of capital and labour in Bangalore, rekindling discussions on coreperiphery dynamics in the context of capital and labour migration. Further, this research builds upon the typography of worker-generated content by illustrating a specific category of such content within the iPhone labour dispute. Utilising a critical political economy of media approach, this article aims to assess the broader implications of the updated framework and to open new avenues for research within the emerging field of information communication technologies, cultural production and labour. 2024 South Asian University. -
Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence: Ethical, Legal Challenges and Changes in Economy and Business
Artificial intelligence (AI) and global governance are an inclusive platform to discover the policy challenges worldwide augmented by artificial intelligence. The platform has three predominant subjects: AI and the global order, governance of AI, insights on the platform consider for mapping of AI futures. AI has great impact in revolution of geopolitical order and the reaction of multifaceted organizations which minimize AI risks and unpremeditated significances and its social aids are maximized through governance structures. It focusses on setups, collaborations, and tensions between different actors responsible for plan, deployment, support and governance of AI. AI improves the benefit for human well-being, productivity, social good, and safety with substantial risks for workers, developers, firms, and governments. The actors and organization begin to realize the ethical, legal, and regulatory challenges associated with AI. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GOVERNANCE: A RETHINKING
The decades of increased Green House Gas (GHG) emissions have increased global average temperature to 1.1 degrees over pre-industrial levels. In order to hold the global average temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius and, if possible, 1.5 degree Celsius, the governments signed various treaties. However, countries? collective agreements to reduce their emissions were never kept. This study outlines why the method of mitigating global climate change has failed. The main problem was the inability to enforce goals and timelines. Ideas for even tighter emission limits will be ineffective unless they solve the enforcement gap. Trade restrictions are one method, but they introduce significant complications, particularly when used to enforce economy-wide carbon reduction agreements. The applied methodology is qualitative. This study proposes a novel strategy to unpack the climate challenge, targeting various gasses and industries with various instruments. It also illustrates how failing to address the climate problem fundamentally would generate incentives for various solutions, offering new problems for climate change governance. 2023, Institute for Research and European Studies. All rights reserved.