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Insurance coverage framework for assisted reproductive treatments for women
Giving birth to a child is considered as one of the purest and highest forms of giving by any human being. The harsh reality is that not all men and women can reproduce. Some remain childless their entire life. Infertility hurts both men and women, but women more. Women continue to face social stigma of not bearing a child and go through stress, anxiety, and depression (Donkar, 2007; Widge, 2002; Reissman, 2000). One of the most significant contributions of Medical Science is the invention of Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatments that help infertile couples to conceive. India has been a pioneer in adapting to this technology and since 1978 many couples have been able to give birth to a child. Unfortunately, these treatments are expensive. Infact, the high treatment cost is the predominant source of anxiety in patients going through these treatments across the world (Iaconelli, 2013). There are instances where, couples leave the treatment, mid way as they are not able to arrange more money (Brennan et al., 2006). However, countries like Denmark, Canada, New Zealand, Belgium, and Japan, to name a few have included these treatments under their Government health insurance policy, whereas countries such as UK, USA, and Singapore have their Private Health insurance companies covering them. In comparison with its western counterparts, India is far behind in using Insurance as a method to finance Assisted Reproductive treatments. A preliminary study indicated two things- The resistance from the Insurance company's side in venturing into a product of this sort and secondly, unavailability of an insurance framework to guide them to venture into such a product. Thus, study began with the sole intention of creating an Insurance framework for assisted Reproductive Treatments particularly for women. A Qualitative Methodology has been adapted for the study. As a first step, infertility treatment polices from developed and developing countries were gathered and analyzed to extract the components of the drafting an Assisted re productive Treatment policy framework. Using these components, interview schedules were made to solicit information from the three different stakeholders. In-depth face to face interviews with 13 Doctors, 12 Patients, and 10 Insurers were conducted and data was further analyzed using Qualitative Content Analysis Method as prescribed by Olle Rudolf Holsti in 1968 and refined by Downe-Wamboltdt in 1992. The concepts of reduction, distillation, and condensation as prescribed by Olle Findahl in 1981, Stephen Cavanagh in 1997, and Paul Atkinknson in 1996 have been used. The results pave the way for the proposed framework. This framework can be used as a guide by Insurance companies in defining the disease, designing the value proposition, entry and exit age, coverage as per stage of treatment, designing the proposal form to solicit information from the insured, arriving at the sum Insured, drafting conditions and exclusions of the policy, pricing, and promotional aspects, mitigation of moral hazards and claims management. The framework suggests a model that can benefit patients to avail insurance at a nominal price. -
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Insurance Data Analysis with COGNITO: An Auto Analysing and Storytelling Python Library
Data pre-processing has taken an enhanced role with the advent of Machine learning. It is a vital element that forms the encore of the data science and business analytics process. Data pre-processing involves generating descriptive statistical summary, data cleaning, and data manipulation based on inputs gained after the initial analysis. Of late, it has been observed that data science practitioners spend 45% to 50% of their time cleaning and processing the data. Much time can be saved if the data transformation process can be automated. The COGNITO framework helps in performing the automated feature engineering and data storytelling of the dataset based on end-user discretion. The present work discusses the process and results obtained when automated feature engineering was performed on an insurance dataset using COGNITO. 2021 IEEE. -
Insuretech: Saviour of insurance sector in India
Technology in finance has propelled financial literacy and inclusiveness and may give the insurance sector an edge to reach its potential consumers. The current study aimed to identify the role of Fintech in transforming the insurance sector and improving the penetration rate in India. With the descriptive research design, the study collects the primary data through a survey technique targeting the general public and personnel in the insurance sector as a study population. A conceptual model is proposed to understand the interlink between consumer attitude towards Insurance, factors influencing their decision, and the role of Fintech in bridging the gap in insurance penetration. This study focuses on three areas, namely health insurance, life insurance, and vehicle insurance. The study's findings reveal that the insurtech will significantly improve the efficiency of the insurance sector which will result in significant financial performance. 2024 Srinesh Thakur, Anvita Electronics, 16-11-762, Vijetha Golden Empire, Hyderabad. -
Integral Transforms andGeneralized Quotient Space ontheTorus
In this chapter, we discuss one of the recent generalization of Schwartz distributions that has significantly influenced the expansion of various mathematical disciplines. Here, we study the space of generalized quotient on the torus. Different integral transforms are investigated on the space of generalized quotients on the torus BS?(Td). The space BS?(Td) is made of both distributions as well as space of hyperfunctions on the torus. Further, by introducing the relation between the Fourier and other integral transforms, the conditional theorems are proved for generalized quotients on tours. Moreover, we study the convergence structure of delta-convergence on the generalized quotient space, and an inversion theorem is proved. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Integrated Approach of Brain Disorder Analysis by Using Deep Learning Based on DNA Sequence
In order to research brain problems using MRI, PET, and CT neuroimaging, a correct understanding of brain function is required. This has been considered in earlier times with the support of traditional algorithms. Deep learning process has also been widely considered in these genomics data processing system. In this research, brain disorder illness incliding Alzheimer's disease, Schizophrenia and Parkinson's diseaseis is analyzed owing to misdetection of disorders in neuroimaging data examined by means fo traditional methods. Moeover, deep learning approach is incorporated here for classification purpose of brain disorder with the aid of Deep Belief Networks (DBN). Images are stored in a secured manner by using DNA sequence based on JPEG Zig Zag Encryption algorithm (DBNJZZ) approach. The suggested approach is executed and tested by using the performance metric measure such as accuracy, root mean square error, Mean absolute error and mean absolute percentage error. Proposed DBNJZZ gives better performance than previously available methods. 2023 Authors. All rights reserved. -
Integrated Automated Attendance System with RFID, Wi-Fi, and Visual Recognition Technology for Enhanced Classroom Security and Precise Monitoring
The integrated automated smart attendance system utilizes RFID, Wi-Fi, and visual recognition technologies to elevate classroom security and ensure precise monitoring of attendance records. It consolidates cutting-edge components such as RFID tags, ESP8266 Wi-Fi modules, ESP-32 CAM modules, solenoid locks, servo motors, and PIR sensors to devise a strong remedy. RFID technology enables accurate attendance tracking by assigning tags to students and faculty members. The Wi-Fi and visual recognition components enhance the system's functionalities, facilitating wireless connectivity, instantaneous data transfer, and validation of identities. Solenoid locks and servo motors ensure controlled access, responding to validated attendance records. PIR sensors detect motion, contrasting between genuine presence and proximity. The paper's methodology delineates the necessary hardware and software requirements, procedures for system initialization, testing phases, establishment of server connectivity, implementation of access control mechanisms, and formulation of end-of-session protocols. It highlights the successful integration and validation of hardware components, backend connectivity, identity confirmation, attendance recording, data encryption, and session termination procedures. The research aims to modernize attendance tracking in educational settings, improving efficiency, accuracy, and security while appreciating the need for further adaptation to suit diverse educational environments for broader adoption and sustained advancement. 2024 IEEE. -
Integrated biorefinery development for pomegranate peel: Prospects for the production of fuel, chemicals and bioactive molecules
Current experimental evidence has revealed that pomegranate peel is a significant source of essential bio compounds, and many of them can be transformed into valorized products. Pomegranate peel can also be used as feedstock to produce fuels and biochemicals. We herein review this pomegranate peel conversion technology and the prospective valorized product that can be synthesized from this frequently disposed fruit waste. The review also discusses its usage as a carbon substrate to synthesize bioactive compounds like phenolics, flavonoids and its use in enzyme biosynthesis. Based on reported experimental evidence, it is apparent that pomegranate peel has a large number of applications, and therefore, the development of an integrated biorefinery concept to use pomegranate peel will aid in effectively utilizing its significant advantages. The biorefinery method displays a promising approach for efficiently using pomegranate peel; nevertheless, further studies should be needed in this area. 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
Integrated Effect of Flow Field Misalignment and Gas Diffusion Layer Compression/Intrusion on High Temperature - Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Performance
Misalignment in the flow field plates of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) due to manufacturing tolerances, assembly process, or unavoidable vibration during the cell operation is contemplated its performance and durability. This study investigates the effect of flow field plate misalignment and its concomitant impact with varying the clamping pressures on HT-PEMFC operation. The study considers six degrees of cathode flow field misalignment, varying from 0% to 100% with respect to the anode flow field. Clamping pressures ranging from 1 to 2 MPa are applied to the various cases of misalignment to study their effect on GDL deformation and intrusion into the channels. The structural analysis shows that as the misalignment increases from 0 to 100%, the GDL compression increases from 26.72% to 37.75% for 1 MPa, 40.07% to 56.63% for 1.5 MPa, and 53.43% to 75.51% for 2 MPa, owing to the increase in compression approximately by 41% from their base cases and it is also crucial to note that GDL compression exaggerates at higher clamping pressures. The misalignment results in the sagging of Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), and the amplitude of wave nature is proportional to the degree of misalignment and clamping pressure, indicating the misalignment is the sole factor for structural changes. As a result, considerable variance in current distribution and average value is observed, i.e., at operating voltage 0.5 V, the current density drops from 4472.7 to 4264.4, 4420.7 to 4211.8, and 4374.1 to 4161.3 A m?2 from cases 1 to 6 for clamping pressures 1, 1.5, and 2 MPa, respectively, resulting in a 4.7% loss in performance. According to the observations, a misalignment of 60% is tolerable, with minimal performance loss and negligible non-uniformity in cell distributions. 2022 The Electrochemical Society (ECS). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. -
Integrated fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS as innovative student selection methodology at institutions of higher learning
BACKGROUND: The selection of students at academic institutions has been a challenging affair given multiple criteria that need to be considered by the institution. Additionally, multiple evaluators and decision makers are involved in the student selection process, rendering it inconsistent. The complexity and subjectiveness in such decisions making requires new and innovative approach in order to be more systematic and transparent. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents an innovative methodology for student selection for admission into an Institute of Higher Learning (IHL) using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Drawing on the success of using these methods in other fields, this study applies the technique and principles on student selection process. METHOD: Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is used in determining the weights of the criteria by the decision makers which avoids the vagueness and inconsistencies in decision making process and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method ranks finds out the best alternative solution for student selection by calculating the relative closeness from the positive ideal solution. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This research finds using the hybrid method is effective in student selection for IHL and makes the process efficient and bias-free. This method can be applied to various fields and uses where multi-criteria decision making is involved. 2023 - IOS Press. All rights reserved. -
Integrated Health Care Delivery and Telemedicine: Existing Legal Impediments in India
The technological innovation in the healthcare sector has contributed to the growth of telemedicine in India. Health services fall under State responsibility as per the Indian Constitution by virtue of Schedule 7although policy and planning framework are under the scope of Central government. Telemedicine cannot not work as an autonomous service, rather, ought to be subjected to different regulations having complex ethical, medico-legal manifestations. As far as India is concerned, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India (MoHFW) is the body responsible for initiating the policy of digitization of healthcare. However the point ishow far digital health services going appropriately in India. Based on NDHBs comprehensive architectural framework of Federated National Health Information System in January 2020 and as the pandemic strategy Medical Council of India and the NITI Aayog released new guidelines on telemedicine with respect to registered medical practitioners, this research needed to be checked. Thus, the examination was done in these aspects. Guidelines were revisited to see how the hospitals in Delhi and NOIDA function based on the records submitted in medical consultation given to patients using telemedicine. It is felt that telemedicine being a nebulous concept in India, it needs to be analyzed in the light of prospective opportunities it would offer. There is a need for collaborative approaches on digital health, revision in the prevailing legal and ethical frameworks, the clinical practices corresponding to standing medical guidelines. Also, it is found that there exist no uniform telemedicine practices balancing the privacy norms, medico-legal responsibility and regulatory standards. To arrive at conclusion, the best practices prevailed in other countries are examined and adopted. It is felt that the policies existing in telemedicine need to be bifurcated as digital consultation, digital photography, remote patient monitoring (RPM) separately. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Integrated Home-Based Palliative Care in Motor Neuron Disease: A Case Report from Low- Middle Income Country
In many international care guidelines, multidisciplinary palliative care forms a key to optimum management in Motor Neuron Disease (MND). We describe the home-based palliative care interventions for a client with MND and his family from a Low and Middle-income country context. This report also discusses the advantages and challenges of the same with suggestions for sustaining the quality of care for neuro palliative conditions. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Integrated hybrid membrane system for enhanced water treatment and desalination for environmental preservation
Technology advancements in desalination, water treatment, and energy efficiency are crucial to preserving our planet. It is critical to find solutions for the future that save natural resources and lessen environmental damage because the freshwater shortage is getting worse, and energy demand is increasing. They face various obstacles, even though their breakthroughs are extremely important. Lot of energy can be utilized for the traditional desalination techniques, as it negatively impacts the environment. Then, the process of the existing Water Treatment (WT) are expensive and ineffective. An Integrated Hybrid Membrane System for Enhanced WT (IHMS-EWT) is a unique technique for WT and desalination was suggested in this study. The integration of many membrane procedures like nanofiltration, reverse and forward osmosis, and membrane distillation, and these will helps in facilitating the best WT and desalination methods. Due to the incorporating Renewable Energy (RE), the IHMS-EWT also demonstrates the (SWMS) Sustainable Water Management System, as it enhances the EE and thereby reducing the environmental impact. The great potential in the wide range of applications was offered by the IHMS-EWT technique. Providing the decentralized WT solutions in the remote areas, this unique approach has the ability to reduce the fresh water scarcity in the coastal areas based on the demands of the municipal, industrial and agricultural demands. The environmental sustainability throughout the lenghthy operations was ensured by the support of IHMS-EWT. It also helps in providing resilience in the crisis situations. The cost-effective evaluations, operating parameter optimization, and performance prediction of the method was enabled by employing the computational modelling. Through simulatimg different contexts, the effective configurations and operational techniques are focussed on the study for enhancing the IHMS-EWT technology.The model shift in the SWM, the IHMS-EWT technique addresses the main problems and brings one step for more secure environment. Comparing to other existing methods, Improving the water purification by 98.2 %, 94.2 % efficiency rate, the EC prediction rate of 96.2 %, the cost-effectiveness rate by 82.4 % and the performance rate by 96.7 % by the suggested IHMS-EWT model and it was demonstrated by the outcomes of the experiment. 2024 The Authors -
Integrated intelligent framework for e-learning
E-learning is the primary method of learning for most learners after regular academics studies. Knowledge delivery through e-learning technologies increased exponentially over the years because of the advancement in internet and e-learning technologies. Knowledge delivery to some people would never
have been possible without the e-learning technologies. Most of the working professionals do focused studies for carrier advancement, promotion, or for improving domain knowledge. These learners can find many free e-learning web sites from the internet easily in the domain of interest. However, it is quite
difficult to find the best e-learning content suitable for their learning based on their domain knowledge level. Users spent most of the time figuring out the right content from a plethora of available content and end up learning nothing. A framework using machine learning algorithms with Random Forest Classifier
is proposed to address the issue, which classifies the e-learning content based on its difficulty levels and provides the learner the best content suitable based on the knowledge level. The framework is trained with the data set collected from
multiple popular e-learning web sites. The model is tested with real-time elearning web site links and found that the e-contents in the web sites are recommended to the user based on its difficult levels as beginner level, intermediate level, and advanced level.
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Integrated intelligent framework for e-learning
E-learning is the primary method of learning for most learners after regular academics studies. Knowledge delivery through e-learning technologies increased exponentially over the years because of the advancement in internet and e-learning technologies. Knowledge delivery to some people would never have been possible without the e-learning technologies. Most of the working professionals do focused studies for carrier advancement, promotion, or for improving domain knowledge. These learners can find many E-learning is the primary method of learning for most learners after regular academics studies. Knowledge delivery through e-learning technologies increased exponentially over the years because of the advancement in internet and e-learning technologies. Knowledge delivery to some people would never have been possible without the e-learning technologies. Most of the working professionals do focused studies for carrier advancement, promotion, or for improving domain knowledge. These learners can find many free e-learning web sites from the internet easily in the domain of interest. However, it is quite difficult to find the best e-learning content suitable for their learning based on their domain knowledge level. Users spent most of the time figuring out the right content from a plethora of available content and end up learning nothing. A framework using machine learning algorithms with Random Forest Classifier is proposed to address the issue, which classifies the e-learning content based on its difficulty levels and provides the learner the best content suitable based on the knowledge level. The framework is trained with the data set collected from multiple popular e-learning web sites. The model is tested with real-time e-learning web site links and found that the e-contents in the web sites are recommended to the user based on its difficult levels as beginner level, intermediate level, and advanced level. -
Integrated IoT-Based Secure and Efficient Key Management Framework Using Hashgraphs for Autonomous Vehicles to Ensure Road Safety
Autonomous vehicles offer various advantages to both vehicle owners and automobile companies. However, despite the advantages, there are various risks associated with these vehicles. These vehicles interact with each other by forming a vehicular network, also known as VANET, in a centralized manner. This centralized network is vulnerable to cyber-attacks which can cause data loss, resulting in road accidents. Thus, to prevent the vehicular network from being attacked and to prevent the privacy of the data, key management is used. However, key management alone over a centralized network is not effective in ensuring data integrity in a vehicular network. To resolve this issue, various studies have introduced a blockchain-based approach and enabled key management over a decentralized network. This technique is also found effective in ensuring the privacy of all the stakeholders involved in a vehicular network. Furthermore, a blockchain-based key management system can also help in storing a large amount of data over a distributed network, which can encourage a faster exchange of information between vehicles in a network. However, there are certain limitations of blockchain technology that may affect the efficient working of autonomous vehicles. Most of the existing blockchain-based systems are implemented over Ethereum or Bitcoin. The transaction-processing capability of these blockchains is in the range of 5 to 20 transactions per second, whereas hashgraphs are capable of processing thousands of transactions per second as the data are processed exponentially. Furthermore, a hashgraph prevents the user from altering the order of the transactions being processed, and they do not need high computational powers to operate, which may help in reducing the overall cost of the system. Due to the advantages offered by a hashgraph, an advanced key management framework based on a hashgraph for secure communication between the vehicles is suggested in this paper. The framework is developed using the concept of Leaving of Vehicles based on a Logical Key Hierarchy (LKH) and Batch Rekeying. The system is tested and compared with other closely related systems on the basis of the transaction compilation time and change in traffic rates. 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
Integrated photonic devices for cancer detection
[No abstract available] -
Integrated skills for parenting the adolescents (ISPA): An intervention to strengthen parent- adolescent relationship /
Review of Neuropsiquiatrica, Vol.76, Issue 4, pp.413-422, ISSN No: 1609-7394. -
Integrated Synchronous buck converter emulation and method of design thereof /
Patent Number: 201941035816, Applicant: Jayanta Biswas.
The present invention is related to the Buck converter output ripple voltage analysis field, more particularly, the present invention is related to integrated synchronous buck converter emulation and method of design thereof. A DC-DC synchronous buck converter is emulated on FPGA based on geometric model of average inductor current. The integrated synchronous buck converter achieves precise regulation of the output voltage to fulfill the requirements of DVS applications. -
Integrated synchronous buck converter emulation and method of design thereof /
Patent Number: 201941035816, Applicant: Jayanta Biswas.
The present invention is related to the Buck converter output ripple voltage analysis field, more particularly, the present invention is related to integrated synchronous buck converter emulation and method of design thereof. A DC-DC synchronous buck converter is emulated on FPGA based on geometric model of average inductor current.