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Exploring artificial intelligence techniques for diabetic retinopathy detection: A case study
There is a notable increase in the prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) globally. This increase is caused due to type2 diabetes, diabetes mellitus (DM). Among people, diabetes leads to vision loss or Diabetic Retinopathy. Early detection is very much necessary for timely intervention and appropriate treatment on vision loss among diabetic patients. This chapter explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are helpful in automated detection of diabetic retinopathy. In this chapter deep learning algorithm is proposed that is used to extract important features from retinal images and classify the images to identify the presence of DR. The model is evaluated using various metrics like specificity, sensitivity etc. The results of the case study provide an AI driven solution to existing methods used to identify DR and this can improve the early detection and appropriate treatment at the right time. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Exploring BERT and Bi-LSTM for Toxic Comment Classification: A Comparative Analysis
This study analyzes on the classification of toxic comments in online conversations using advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques. Leveraging advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques and classification models, including BERT and Bi-LSTM models to classify comments into 6 types of toxicity: toxic, obscene, threat, insult, severe toxic and identity hate. The study achieves competitive performance. Specifically, fine-tuning BERT using TensorFlow and Hugging Face Transformers resulted in an AUC ROC rate of 98.23%, while LSTM yielded a binary accuracy of 96.07%. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of using transformer-based models like BERT for toxicity classification in text data. The study discusses the methodology, model architectures, and evaluation metrics, highlighting the effectiveness of each approach in identifying and classifying toxic language. Additionally, the paper discusses the implementation of a userfriendly interface for real-time toxic comment detection, leveraging the trained models for efficient moderation of online content. 2024 IEEE. -
Exploring best practices in mobile app design patterns and tools: A user-centered approach
Design patterns are reusable solutions to common design problems that provide a consistent user experience across different apps. This article explores the best practices in mobile app design patterns and tools with a focus on the user-centered approach to design. Design patterns such as navigation bars, tab bars, list views, and card views are discussed, along with design tools such as Sketch, Figma, Adobe XD, and InVision. The problem is to ensure that mobile app design is centered around the needs and preferences of the user, rather than the designer or the technology, and that the right design patterns and tools are used to create interfaces that are familiar and easy to use. The chapter emphasizes the importance of conducting user research to understand the needs and preferences of the target audience and using design patterns and tools to create interfaces that are familiar and easy to use. Mobile apps have become an integral part of our lives, and designing a successful mobile app is a challenging task that requires a thorough understanding of user needs and preferences. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Exploring Bio Signals for Smart Systems: An Investigation into the Acquisition and Processing Techniques
Bio signals play a vital role in terms of communication in the absence of normal communication. Bio signals were automatically evolved from the body whenever any actions took place. There are lots of different types of bio signal based research going on currently from several researchers. Signal acquisition, processing the signals and segmenting the signal were totally different from one technique to another. Placing electrodes and its standard measurements were varied. The signals gathered from each subject may be varied due to their involvement. Each and every trial of signals can generate different patterns. Each and every pattern generated from the activities also has a different meaning. In this study we planned to analyze the basic measurement techniques handled to record the bio signals like Electrooculogram. 2023 IEEE. -
Exploring boronate-appended hyperbranched amino-functionalized dendrimer-empowered sensors for the potential recognition of FSH in age-categorized human plasma samples
Boronic acids can act as ideal saccharide receptors as they possess a high affinity for diols and readily form cyclic-boronate esters when reacting in an aqueous medium. Here, we present hydrophilic amino-functionalized boronic acid dendrimer (Af-BAD) for the first time, with significantly enhanced sensitivity towards Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) detection. In this study, newly synthesized Af-BAD was dip-coated on a gold substrate to create an impedance-type sensing working electrode. The effects of Af-BAD coating on the gold chip, the sensing properties for FSH recognition, sensitivity, and stability were measured by the charge transfer resistance across the electrochemical setup. The impedimetric measurements were conducted in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4- redox reporter at pH 7.4. The increments in the charge-transfer resistance were monitored upon increasing the FSH concentrations from 25 fg/mL to 100 pg/mL. The device achieved good sensitivity with a calculated detection limit of 4.01 fg/mL and acceptable linearity. The observed behavior was linear concerning the tested concentrations. An attempt at a real application to serum samples was also successfully conducted. Meanwhile, the level of tolerance of boronic acid dendrimer with other competing glycoproteins and monosaccharides was also tested. In this study, we also compared human plasma FSH levels in female oral cancer patients and normal controls using the Af-BAD modified device and the clinically used ELISA method. With a sound understanding of boronate materials and their affinity, amino functionalized multi-boronic acid dendrimer was developed as a highly selective conjugate toward glycoprotein FSH detection. Copyright 2025. Published by Elsevier Ltd. -
Exploring Caregiving Experiences and Needs of Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy
Parents play a major role while caring for a child with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Each child with CP and their caregivers needs constant professional support in terms of medical care, psycho-education, guidance and support in order to achieve maximum functioning. Mothers of children with cerebral palsy are vulnerable because the caregiving may affect their personal and marital life, work, finances, relationships, and other responsibilities. Therefore, it is important to understand their experiences this study explores caregiving experiences and needs of mothers of a child with cerebral palsy. This qualitative exploratory study used semi-structured open-ended interviews for data collection from 25 mothers of children with Cerebral Palsy who attended regular clinical assessments at Unit of Hope OP clinic. The data were analyzed in Atlas. ti 8 trial version using thematic analysis. Six major themes emerged from the thematic analysis which includes: pathways of care, challenges in taking care of the child, impact (subjective and objective) on mothers and their family, coping mechanism and psycho-social needs. Mothers expressed that they experience unpreparedness; unsupportive interaction; insecurity/uncomfortable on caregiving by others; challenges in decision making, finding the right care, meeting individual family member???s needs; they had inappropriate expectations of improvement, difficulties in treatment adherence and lack of knowledge, lack of respite, lack of support from family members/relatives, changes in the family system, changes in personal life. Mothers had caregiver burden and emotional challenges. The mothers adopted both maladaptive and adaptive coping strategies. In this study, mothers expressed various needs like the need for professional support, the need for respite care, and the need for family support. In conclusion, having a child with cerebral palsy negatively affect the mothers. During the caregiving process, they have some unmet needs which need to be addressed. The findings of the study emphasize that it is important to understand the caregiving experiences and needs of mothers of children with cerebral palsy to plan interventions to support these mothers in caring for their child. -
Exploring challenges in online higher education for AI integration using MICMAC analysis
The consequence of Covid-19 has affected the traditional higher education system. Acknowledging the significant role of online education in national development for accessibility and quality education, countries around the world have understood its importance in current digital era. Indian policymakers have been giving due importance to enhancing the education quality, however the progress made by the country in higher education is not adequate. Amidst all the inadequacies of traditional education system, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are bringing new ray of hope to democratize education system. This chapter is subjected to identify the challenges in online education and suggest specific ways to address each of them. The challenges are categorized into internal and external challenges/barriers. These challenges have been modeled with the expertise of educationalist's opinions and interpretive structural modeling to create a hierarchy of the barriers using MICMAC analysis and categorize these barriers into four clusters. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Exploring character strength in the functioning and well beings of religious leaders
Positive psychology is the scientific study of optimal functioning, flourishing and well-being of individuals and organizations. The backbone of positive psychology, the character strengths are significant in effective leadership functioning. The current study explored the character strengths development and character strengths utilization in the functioning and well-being of religious leaders (consecrated nuns and priests). There were 17 participants, nine female and eight male consecrated Catholic religious leaders. The study used the mixed design. The Values in Action Tests was administrated to identify leaders top strengths and a phenomenological approach was used to explore character strengths development as well as the usage of character strengths in the functioning of the religious leaders. The findings illustrated that the most prevalent character strengths of leaders are honesty, gratitude, teamwork, fairness, and kindness. The least prevalent strengths are love of learning, humour, appreciation of excellence, zest, judgement and creativity. Results showed that the influencing factors of character strengths development are family influences, experiences at school, formative programmes in the religious formation, critical events and factors enhancing strength. The strength of wisdom and knowledge were used mainly at organizational and administrative level of leadership functioning. Strengths of courage manifested at the implementation level. The strength of humanity is identified as the most striking character strength in leader-member exchange. The strength of temperance has the role of controller in leadership functioning. The strength of justice is seen as a catalyst in promoting cohesion in the community. The leaders pivotal manifestation of the strengths of transcendence is in their intimacy with God that gives higher purpose and meaning in leadership, that is, do the Will of God. Character strengths were found in promoting wellness through achievements, facilitating total engagement, giving a great purpose in leader life and in promoting better leader-follower interactions. The highlighted character strengths that promote well-being were gratitude and appreciation. The study has brought out an ongoing leadership training programme for religious leaders that can be completed in three phases. -
Exploring chatbot trust: Antecedents and behavioural outcomes
An awareness about the antecedents and behavioural outcomes of trust in chatbots can enable service providers to design suitable marketing strategies. An online questionnaire was administered to users of four major banking chatbots (SBI Intelligent Assistant, HDFC Bank's Electronic Virtual Assistant, ICICI bank's iPal, and Axis Aha) in India. A total of 507 samples were received of which 435 were complete and subject to analysis to test the hypotheses. Based on the results, it is found that the hypothesised antecedents, except interface, design, and technology fear factors, could explain 38.6% of the variance in the banking chatbot trust. Further, in terms of behavioural outcomes chatbot trust could explain, 9.9% of the variance in customer attitude, 11.4% of the variance in behavioural intention, and 13.6% of the variance in user satisfaction. The study provides valuable insights for managers on how they can leverage chatbot trust to increase customer interaction with their brand. By proposing and testing a novel conceptual model and examining the factors that impact chatbot trust and its key outcomes, this study significantly contributes to the AI marketing literature. 2023 The Authors -
Exploring Communication Authenticity Anxiety: A Data-DrivenPsychological Analysis of Al-Generated Content on StudentSelf-Perception and Expression
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT and Gemini are becoming more common in student communication, owing to the improvement that they offer in fluency and efficiency, but at the same time raise concerns about authenticity. Students struggle to put their authentic voice forward in the quest to enhance their work using these writing assistants. Many surveys have been conducted, which indicate widespread use of AI tools for education-related chores, yet these studies ignore the emotional effects related to this. The psychological discomfort related to authenticity in text-based communication is still not well examined and to address this gap, this study introduces a term called Communication Authenticity Anxiety and successfully examines its relationship with self-perception, academic stress, resilience, and AI dependence. Data were collected via a structured student survey and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, regression modeling and machine learning techniques. Results show that self-perception and academic stress are the strongest predictors of authenticity anxiety, while resilience and AI dependence have weaker effects. These findings were further validated by Machine Learning models, with Random Forest achieving 75% accuracy and XGBoost achieving {9 2%}. This study, thus, successfully contributes to understanding the various psychological consequences of AI-generated content on student identity and expression, thereby providing valuable insights for crafting responsible educational policies. 2025 IEEE. -
Exploring Communication Authenticity Anxiety: A Data-DrivenPsychological Analysis of Al-Generated Content on StudentSelf-Perception and Expression
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT and Gemini are becoming more common in student communication, owing to the improvement that they offer in fluency and efficiency, but at the same time raise concerns about authenticity. Students struggle to put their authentic voice forward in the quest to enhance their work using these writing assistants. Many surveys have been conducted, which indicate widespread use of AI tools for education-related chores, yet these studies ignore the emotional effects related to this. The psychological discomfort related to authenticity in text-based communication is still not well examined and to address this gap, this study introduces a term called Communication Authenticity Anxiety and successfully examines its relationship with self-perception, academic stress, resilience, and AI dependence. Data were collected via a structured student survey and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, regression modeling and machine learning techniques. Results show that self-perception and academic stress are the strongest predictors of authenticity anxiety, while resilience and AI dependence have weaker effects. These findings were further validated by Machine Learning models, with Random Forest achieving 75% accuracy and XGBoost achieving {9 2%}. This study, thus, successfully contributes to understanding the various psychological consequences of AI-generated content on student identity and expression, thereby providing valuable insights for crafting responsible educational policies. 2025 IEEE. -
Exploring Conditional Generative Models for Sketch-to-Image Translation: cGAN, cVAE, and Conditional Diffusion Models
Creating realistic facial pictures from hand-drawn sketches is of significant utility in forensic investigations because eyewitness drawings are frequently the only visual leads for suspect identification. Turning a hand-drawn sketch into a realistic image is a difficult task. This is because sketches lack detailed information, they are abstracted, and ambiguous. Most of the conventional image creation and generation techniques tend to lose facial structure, identity, and realism. This makes it a great area for generative AI. This paper is a comparative analysis of three generative models: Conditional GANs, Conditional VAEs, and Conditional Diffusion Models. We evaluate these models on the sketch-to-image synthesis problem using the CUHK Face Sketch Dataset. We recognize and compare how every model handles the challenge of generating images from sketches of faces, with an emphasis on producing realistic images, maintaining identity and diversity. The paper demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. It also offers insights into their usefulness for forensic applications and suggests directions for future improvements through combined or specialized generative structures. 2025 IEEE. -
Exploring Conditional Generative Models for Sketch-to-Image Translation: cGAN, cVAE, and Conditional Diffusion Models
Creating realistic facial pictures from hand-drawn sketches is of significant utility in forensic investigations because eyewitness drawings are frequently the only visual leads for suspect identification. Turning a hand-drawn sketch into a realistic image is a difficult task. This is because sketches lack detailed information, they are abstracted, and ambiguous. Most of the conventional image creation and generation techniques tend to lose facial structure, identity, and realism. This makes it a great area for generative AI. This paper is a comparative analysis of three generative models: Conditional GANs, Conditional VAEs, and Conditional Diffusion Models. We evaluate these models on the sketch-to-image synthesis problem using the CUHK Face Sketch Dataset. We recognize and compare how every model handles the challenge of generating images from sketches of faces, with an emphasis on producing realistic images, maintaining identity and diversity. The paper demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. It also offers insights into their usefulness for forensic applications and suggests directions for future improvements through combined or specialized generative structures. 2025 IEEE. -
Exploring Consumer Choices and Shopping Patterns: Examining Influences on Consumer Choices
This chapter explores the dynamic world of consumer behaviour and buying patterns, focusing on the psychological, social, cultural, and economic factors that shape decisions. It examines how consumers manage their preferences and choices in various market situations, highlighting trends like sustainable consumption, loyalty-driven purchases, and impulsive buying. The chapter also investigates the impact of the digital revolution, including social media and e-commerce, on consumer engagement and purchasing habits. By addressing elements such as peer influence, brand perception, and decision-making processes, it emphasises the importance of understanding consumer diversity in demographics, culture, and lifestyle. Combining theoretical frameworks, real-world examples, and data-driven insights, this chapter provides businesses and researchers with a foundation for predicting demands and creating effective marketing strategies. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Exploring Cross-cultural Comfort Food Narratives in Beryl Shereshewskys YouTube Videos
This article explores how certain food and the stories linked to the same are capable of evoking feelings of comfort and security. Food binds people together. The rituals and practices surrounding food inspire and sustain the association of various memories, experiences and emotions. The area of food studies is especially interested in how these linkages translate into the practice of nourishment. The narratives surrounding comfort food take on a cross-cultural flavour in the videos from Beryl Shereshewskys YouTube channel. This article analyses these narratives through the lens of Symbolic Interactionism to explicate how these food narratives bring people together from across the world by evoking the universal needs of food and comfort. Consequently, it is seen that even though it is true that the experience of consuming comfort food is extremely personal, it is also rendered as a universal phenomenon through the narratives that are created and shared. 2023 MICA-The School of Ideas. -
Exploring cultural contexts of dog ownership Mental health and satisfaction with life among university students in India
The rising social value of pet ownership is infuenced by social media and evidence of positive efects on well-being, leading to a rise in dog ownership in younger generations. However, the mental health outcomes of this broader shif, especially in India, have not been studied. The study explored the association between dog owners relationships, mental health, and satisfaction with life among university students. A cross-sectional correlational design was used with 250 students aged 1825 who were either dog owners or without pets. The dog owners responded to the Monash Dog Owner Relationship Scale, apart from the Mental Health Continuum and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results showed a non-signifcant diference between mental health and satisfaction with life between dog owners and non-pet respondents. A positive relationship could not be established between dog ownership, mental health, and satisfaction with life. The dogs gender and breed infuenced the owners emotional bonding and interactions. Low perceived costs were related to a strong emotional bond with the dog, highlighting the complex nature of the pet ownership experience. Dog ownerships efect on students well-being is not universal and might depend on various individual, cultural, and contextual factors. Exploration of these human-animal interactions is warranted. 2025 John Benjamins Publishing Company. -
Exploring cybernetic approaches to sustainable co-working spaces in emerging economies: a sentiment analysis
Purpose In quest of achieving long-term sustainability of co-working spaces (CWSs) and drawing on the cybernetic principles, this study aims to develop a resilient business model promoting economic viability, encouraging environmental responsibility and reinforcing its social impact. Furthermore, to address the transformative shift in way people work in emerging economies, this study probed respondents from India and United Arab Emirates (UAE) and finally identified critical challenges and opportunities bringing in maximum customer satisfaction and achieving long-term business profitability. Design/methodology/approach Using a multi-method qualitative triangulation approach (sentiment analysis), the study collected primary data from India and UAE, analysed through the grounded theory approach. Whereas secondary data in form of tweets was tested using text-mining approach using NVivo. The findings from the dual study were corroborated to identify common dimensions, leading to the development of a hypothetical framework. Findings In CWSs business, dynamic organisation culture holds key in fostering future sustainability, and the study has explored its important antecedents like adaptive management, continuous innovation and technological integration. The impact of these antecedents was found to be moderated by two critical dimensions of regulatory challenges and competitive landscape. Furthermore, the study delved into connecting with the principles of circular economy moderating the impact of dynamic organisation culture towards long-term sustainability of CWSs. Practical implications This study applies cybernetic principles alongside shared and circular economy frameworks to assess consumer perceptions of CWSs. The insights generated can guide researchers, entrepreneurs, urban planners and policymakers in designing flexible business models, strengthening community networks and exploring diverse revenue streams to enhance resilience and long-term growth. Originality/value This research provides empirical evidence on the sustainability dynamics of CWSs, offering a balanced perspective on overcoming challenges and leveraging growth opportunities. Additionally, it bridges the concepts of cybernetics, shared economy and circular economy, presenting a novel framework for ensuring the sustainable development of CWS businesses. 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited -
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Exploring Determinants of User Generated Context : A Consumer Behaviour Perspective
The advances in digital technology and the Internet have accelerated the growth of the online ecosystem. The ease of access to the Internet by the masses has ensured phenomenal expansion among online users. The past decade newlinewitnessed tremendous growth of online applications, platforms and apps that are newlinehelping to solve complex human needs. The online ecosystem itself witnessed newlinetremendous change, while static information sources have been replaced with dynamic ones that allow online users to participate in the system. The vast information society has transformed from being just the consumer of information to the participant in the generation of the information source. Business finds the exponential growth of online users and their active participation as an opportunity. Business benefits by sensing the market trends quickly in a better newlineway and take timely remedial actions. newlineDespite immense benefits offered by the online mode of business, many challenges have surfaced in recent times on account of ever-increasing technological sophistication and exponential growth of unique and similar newlineproduct offerings and associated reviews. The presence of many similar product offerings and associated reviews creates a technology-induced hurdle, with the potential to impair the rational thought process of consumers, who often search, scan and vote for only the top few reviews of selected products. This has the potential to make aged reviews continuously accumulate votes over time and newlineretain their near top position in the helpful review list, compared to recent quality newlinereviews. The current study applies statistically and scientifically derived newlinehelpfulness scores for ranking reviews and placing them at their appropriate positions. The study derived helpfulness scores enable re-ranking reviews of consumer products. The initial review dataset is constructed from publicly available reviews in Amazon.in. -
Exploring digital age influences on undergraduate students mental health through social media, academic pressure and digital literacy
The research aims to measure the impact of usage of social media, academic pressure, and digital literacy, on mental health. It also aims to measure the mediating role of perceived stress on mental health of undergraduate students. Survey method was used for collecting data from a sample of 565 undergraduate students from state and private universities of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Kerala. EFA and Path analysis was used for testing and validating the conceptual model. The results showed that Social Media Usage increases Perceived Stress and negatively impacts Mental Health Outcomes both directly and indirectly through Perceived Stress. Academic Pressure increases Perceived Stress, which negatively impacts Mental Health Outcomes indirectly. Digital Literacy reduces Perceived Stress and has a positive effect on Mental Health Outcomes both directly and indirectly through reduced stress. Perceived Stress was found to have a significantly negative impact on the Mental Health Outcomes. The demographic variables namely; age, gender, living status, family type, and course type were found to have a significant impact on the usage of social media, academic pressure, digital literacy, perceived stress, and mental health scores of undergraduate students. The study also came up with interventions for managing mental health of under graduate students. The Author(s) 2025.