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Simple and Efficient Amberlite 15-catalyzed Synthesis of Dihydroquinazolinones
Abstract: The Amberlite 15 catalyzed synthesis of substituted 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones was reported. The reaction conditions were optimized by screening in different solvents and catalysts. The substrate scope of the reaction was also studied, and a plausible mechanism for the reaction was proposed. 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. -
Reliable transmission of information through quantum encryption processes by applying quantum gate /
Patent Number: 201741042136, Applicant: Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology.
Present invention presents Quantum encryption and decryption processes for variable length of information by applying quantum gates. The present invention offers reliable transmission of information using quantum gates which based on inviolable principles of quantum mechanics and quantum computing. The encryption authorizes authenticity, confidentiality and integrity services of the information as well as communicating entities. -
The Political Uncertainties of the United Kingdom-2022 and Stock Market Reactions: An Event Study Analysis for LSE and Other Major European Stock Markets
The year 2022 has been one of the extremely uproarious in contemporary British politics, caused by severe political crises and uncertainties. The study aims to examine three major events related to the UK political uncertainties in 2022 and its impact on the UK and other major European stock markets using the market model of the event study methodology. The daily closing price data of the FTSE 100 index, its constituent stocks and the benchmark indices of 14 other major European stock markets were considered as per the event window constructed in the study. The empirical results of the study exhibited that the resignation announcement of Boris Johnson and Lizz Truss had positive abnormal returns on the day of the announcement. Subsequently, the announcement of Rishi Sunak as the PM of the UK had a stronger abnormal return on the announcement day. Further, the sector-wise impact analysis confirmed that Financials, materials, Energy, industrial, and real estate sectoral stocks have reacted with positive abnormal returns. Also, when verifying the impact on other major indices in European markets, it is noticed that only for the resignation announcement of Boris Johnson were there positive abnormal returns in benchmark indices of Italy, Netherlands, and Norway. The study confirms that political uncertainties like the prime minister's resignation bring short-run market inefficiency and provide opportunities for abnormal returns. The findings of the study offer some significant implications for the market participants such as traders, investors, portfolio managers and analysts. The findings will provide insights for them to devise trading strategies and risk management and to make investing decisions such that the portfolio of the investors is resilient to such uncertain political events. The Author(s) 2024. -
Do geopolitical tensions instigate mindless following in stock markets? An empirical enquiry into the indices of CNX Nifty HFT
Geopolitical tensions between nations play a crucial role in triggering volatility and affecting the investors behavior in stock markets. This empirical work attempts to detect the traces of herding and bubble embedded in the Indian stock indices of CNX Nifty 50 and CNX Nifty 100 (both in High-Frequency Trading domains) during the latest events of geopolitical tensions escalated between India-China and India-Pakistan. An event window approach is employed to capture the impact of these events on herding behavior and information uncertainty in the considered stock indices. Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA) is applied to compute the Hurst value in all the trading days of the event window. The results of both indices exhibit conclusive evidence of herding and bubble formation during the overall period of geopolitical tensions between India-China and India-Pakistan. However, the degree of herding in the stock indices intensifies to a profound pattern when the tensions between India and China escalated into deadly violent clashes, and also during the heightened tensions between India and Pakistan that eventually ended up in airstrikes across the boundaries. The overall level of information uncertainty depicted by entropy is within control. The volatility in these stock indices has been confirmed to follow a unidirectional pattern. Krishna T. A., Suresha B., 2021 -
Intensified geopolitical conflicts and herding behavior: An evidence from selected Nifty sectoral indices during India-China tensions in 2020
The recent India-China geopolitical conflicts have presented enormous uncertainty to the investors in various sectoral indices of the Indian stock market. This empirical study aims to examine the impact of intensified India-China geopolitical conflicts 2020 on investors' herding behavior in the National Stock Exchange sectoral indices. The high-frequency data of three major NIFTY sectoral indices (Auto, Energy, and Pharma) are used in an intensified geopolitical event window to spot precisely the traces of the investors' herding behavior. Furthermore, multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) is employed to obtain Hurst Exponent values (h(q)) for the NIFTY sectoral indices. The findings reveal that these NIFTY sectoral indices exhibited profound traces of herding behavior on the event day (t = 0) due to the heightened India-China geopolitical clashes. In addition, these indices depicted an overall higher level herding behavior with the (h(q)) values close to 0.72 throughout the intensified geopolitical event window. The study concludes that the sectors highly reliant on the Chinese supplies and with significant trade linkages with China depicted a higher level of herding behavior in their indices. Further, the presence of herding behavior in these sectoral indices is due to the operational and supply-chain risks posed by the geopolitical event. 2022 LLC CPC Business Perspectives. All rights reserved. -
Quantum cryptography: An in-depth exploration of principles and techniques
Quantum cryptography is evolving in the field of data security and cryptographic research, as it offers a high level of security based on the principles of quantum mechanics. This chapter provides an extensive understanding and in-depth explanation about the basic concepts of the techniques implemented in quantum cryptography. The exploration of the fundamental concepts begins with elaboration on the foundational concepts of quantum mechanics, such as no-cloning, entanglement, superposition, and quantum state measurement, which are crucial for the better understanding of quantum cryptography. Further, the chapter delves more into the quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols such as BB84, BBM92, and B92. All the QKD protocols are analysed and compared based on the underlying principles and techniques. Furthermore, the importance and benefits of the integration of quantum cryptography with the traditional algorithms are also discussed. The chapter also aims to provide thorough study of quantum cryptography principles, challenges, and future directions along with a detailed comprehensive review of quantum cryptographic techniques. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Keshav Kumar and Bishwajeet Kumar Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Artificial Intelligence Influence on Accounting Methods
Due to its benefits in terms of enhancing and redefining the actual manner of performing activities in this field, artificial intelligence is swiftly changing the reality of the accounting business. Accounting has seen a significant transformation over the years as computers, first and foremost, and more importantly, developers ready to spend less time on laborious work that minimises the amount of errors, have replaced the job done with paper and pencil. Although there has always been a fascination with artificial intelligence systems in this field, attention has recently shifted more toward it. Although technology has advanced, it seems that there aren't enough facts to back up businesses' readiness to include artificial intelligence systems into their accounting procedures. A crucial element of this reality is also the ability of professionals to quickly adjust to the new business climate, get the skills required to work with AI systems, and overcome their fear of losing their jobs. The requirements of the financial society, the quick development of data innovation, and artificial intelligence have brought about the modern era. Implementing artificial intelligence innovation is an unavoidable trend that will result in substantial changes and advancements in the accounting sector. In this essay, the usage of AI in the accounting industry is examined, its effects on the sector's expansion are examined, and significant solutions to current issues are suggested. 2022 IEEE. -
INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP VARIATIONS IN WAYFINDING AMONG USERS IN AN EDUCATIONAL BUILDING
The effective performance of users in an Educational Building is determined by the available resources and also the environment in which they dwell. Wayfinding is a daily occurrence for every user of an academic institution and this is facilitated through the distinct articulation of different spaces and recognizable circulation systems. The user behavior in a known/unknown building varies as an individual and with a group of individuals. This variation can be observed in an enclosed space and public setting. For an individual, the psychological state could influence navigating within the building whereas, for a group of individuals, the group dynamics could influence each other to navigate. The paper uses mixed methods to understand and assess the individual and group variations in wayfinding. The study was undertaken in a recently constructed School of Architecture at CHRIST University, Bengaluru. The understanding was accomplished with elaborate literature studies and the assessment was through the field observation techniques and surveys carried out with identified users like frequent individuals, new individuals, frequent groups, and new groups.The study tells that for both individuals and groups, the parameters like architectural elements, sensorial qualities, wayfinding behavior, gender, and psychological state influence them in wayfinding. It was also noted that most of the student users prefer shortcuts rather than the formal entance and lobby to navigate the classrooms. Accomplishing easy, comfortable, and efficient wayfinding within an educational building requires effective layout planning. These findings aim to contribute to the detailed understanding of effective layout planning in an educational building and its impact on user behavior for architects and decision-makers. ZEMCH Network. -
A Study on Sense of Community: Case Example of Public Housing Project, Bengaluru, India
Background: In the realm of collective public housing, certain societal segments currently favor low-rise residential blocks due to their affordability and lower number of dwelling units per block, thus affording increased privacy for residents. However, the concept of associating residents benefits with social relationships has yet to garner sufficient attention. Objective: This article seeks to understand and examine the impact of public housing on the sense of community (SOC) within a public housing community. Methods: The study was conducted at the Bangalore Development Author-ity Jnanabharathi Residential Enclave in Kengeri, Bengaluru, Karnataka. This understanding was attained through a comprehensive review of existing literature and an on-site evaluation carried out using questionnaire surveys and photographs for visual interpretations. Findings: The results indicated a relatively deficient sense of ownership within the community. Homeowners exhibited higher levels of community involvement and engagement in various activities compared with tenants. Conclusions: Furthermore, the study recommends that public authorities reevalu-ate their perspectives on public housing developments and develop a policy-orien-ted approach for planning, design, and additional amenities to foster a stronger SOC belonging. 2023 Springer Publishing Company. -
Stability Analysis of AFTI-16 Aircraft by Using LQR and LQI Algorithms
The stability analysis of the dynamical system of linearized plant model of Advanced Fighter Technology Integration (AFTI)-16 aircraft was proposed along with the optimal control methods by applying linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and linear quadratic algorithm (LQI) algorithms. The LQR and LQI algorithms results were compared with state-space model analysis results. The state-space methods like pole placement method, without using the LQR algorithm the negative feedback system were found to be unstable. By the application of LQR and LQI algorithms to the linearized plant AFTI-16 aircraft open-loop system having negative feedback found to be stable. The stability parameters were verified by using MATLAB programming software. The eigenvalues play a key role in finding closed-loop system stability analysis. MIMO dynamical system with state feedback gain matrices is calculated by using MATLAB programming software. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Impact of ESG Practices on the Firm's Performance: A Longitudinal Study on Emerging Markets
This study investigated the relationship between business performance in emerging markets (BICS countries) and ESG disclosure scores. Overall, it did not find any correlation between different performance indicators and ESG scores. It's interesting to see that higher overall ESG scores were linked to greater share prices and earnings per share (EPS). This implies that businesses with robust ESG policies may ultimately perform better than others. The study emphasises how ESG may help create value and support sustainable corporate success in emerging markets. It highlights how crucial ESG is to investors, companies, and legislators. 2024 IEEE. -
Moderation of Income and Age on Customer Purchase Intention of Green Cosmetics in Bangalore
Cracking the code of customer purchase behaviour is a challenge for market researchers as myriad factors interfere. Marketers are puzzled as competitors position a new product category in the market to create demand. Indian public perceived cosmetics composition as blend of healthy chemical extracts. Television commercials portrayed the presence of chemicals in cosmetics as a product performance booster. People attributed chemical presence to superior product performance. Saturated markets witnessed competitors aiming at increased sales with similar commercials. Under pressure to differentiate, the idea of organic cosmetics started. Companies invested heavily on product development, marketing and branding. Expected success was not achieved as buyers measured performance of cosmetics weighing the absence of chemicals. Scepticism on organic level of the products emerged as various brand commercials claimed their respective compositions a true organic product. Fewer studies explained purchase intention of green cosmetics without focus on health consciousness and consumer innovativeness. Product diffusions were strategized on the basis of consumer innovativeness. Health consciousness captured individuals weightage on health and well-being while purchasing a product. This paper explores relationship of health consciousness and consumer innovativeness with purchase intention development conducting exploratory factor analysis, regression analysis and interaction analysis on selected independent variables using dependent variables. The study found both consumer innovativeness and health consciousness leading to development of purchase intention of green cosmetics. Age and income moderated the relationship of consumer innovativeness and purchase intention. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Investigating Factors in Quality of Work-life in Indian Garment Industry at Bangalore
The Indian manufacturing sector has a long way to go in enhancing work-life standards for employees. Low standards of work-life hamper the productivity of an organization. Most employees of garment manufacturing units in Bengaluru are from outer rural areas. They come in search of employment in garment units. Though there are labour acts and labour laws, most of the manufacturing units provide poor job environments for employees. This leads to fluctuations in the performance of employees and would have detrimental effects on their health and performance, resulting in attrition. Quality of work life is the solution. This paper aims at unravelling factors leading to recognition of work-life standards so those garment units can work in that dimension to solve their productivity issues and also improve the happiness of their employees. A descriptive approach was made to attain objectives with survey-based data collection. The collected data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study found welfare and safety lead to a quality of work-life in garment units. More cross-sectoral studies are suggested to understand the blend of factors defining the quality of work life and arrive at a generalized model nation-wide. This generalization in the long term should be a key decision-making point for safety and welfare policy development in the world. 2022 The authors. -
Bioactive compounds from Cordyceps and their therapeutic potential
The Clavicipitaceae familys largest and most diverse genus is Cordyceps. They are most abundant and diverse in humid temperate and tropical forests and have a wide distribution in: Europe, North America, and East and Southeast Asian countries, particularly: Bhutan, China, Japan, Nepal, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Tibet, and the Himalayan region of India, and Sikkim. It is a well-known parasitic fungus that feeds on insects and other arthropods belonging to 10 different orders. Over 200 bioactive metabolites, that include: nucleotides and nucleosides, polysaccharides, proteins, polypeptides, amino acids, sterols, and fatty acids, among others have been extracted from Cordyceps spp. demonstrating the phytochemical richness of this genus. These components have been associated with a variety of pharmacological effects, including: anti-microbial, anti-apoptotic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. In this paper, the bioactivity of various classes of metabolites produced by Cordyceps spp., and their therapeutic properties have been reviewed in an attempt to update the existing literature. Furthermore, one of its nucleoside and a key bioactive compound, cordycepin has been critically elaborated with regard to its biosynthesis pathway and the recently proposed protector-protmechanism as well as various biological and pharmacological effects, such as: suppression of purine and nucleic acid biosynthesis, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation with their mechanism of action. This review provides current knowledge on the bioactive potential of Cordyceps spp. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
GutBrain Axis: Role in Hunger and Satiety
The human gastrointestinal tract consists of nearly 100 trillion microorganisms, referred as gut microbiota or gut microbiome. The microbial colonization in the human gut begins at the time of birth and its colonization increases with age which is influenced by factors like age, diet, and antibiotic treatment. Gut microbiota is believed to play a major role in human health as well as various physiological activities like metabolism, nutrition, physiology, etc. Imbalance of the normal gut microbiota has been linked with gastrointestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) as well as wider systemic manifestations of disease such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atopy. Gutbrain axis, a two-way (bi-directional) connection and communication between the gut and the brain has potentially huge influence over our health which integrates neural, hormonal, and immunological signaling between the gut and the brain. There is growing evidence on the influence of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota that modulates appetite, feeding, and metabolism as well as regulates the mechanisms of digestion. Gut hormones like Ghrelin, Cholecystokinin (CCK), Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP), Peptide YY (PYY), Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), Oxyntomodulin (OXM), Glucagon, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP), and Amylin have been identified in the gastrointestinal system which have a fundamental role in coordinating digestive process within the gastrointestinal system, thus regulating feeding behavior and energy balance. Studies have indicated that the modulation in gut microbiota regulates the production of ghrelin and PYY in overweight and obese patients and helps in promoting weight loss and improves glucose regulation. Considering the importance of the role of gut microbiota on hunger and satiety, this chapter was written where we have discussed the gutbrain axis and its role in hunger and satiety. Further, mechanism of appetite regulation by gut microbiota and their role in obesity control have also been discussed. Finally, future perspectives on application of gut microbiota as potential probiotic solutions for obesity and related metabolic disorders will be discussed. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Enterococcus species and their probiotic potential: Current status and future prospects
Probiotics are described as live microbes that, once consumed in sufficient quantities, provide a health advantage to the host. A rising number of research works have verified the health benefits of probiotics. Enterococci are common bacteria that may be found almost anywhere. For their opportunistic pathogenicity, Enterococci have been associated with numerous nosocomial infections resulting from resistance to antibiotics and the existence of other virulence factors, notably the development of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. However, some Enterococcal strains such as E. faecium and E. faecalis strains are being utilized as probiotics and are widely marketed, usually in the form of pharmaceutical solutions. Enterococcus spp. based probiotics are used to treat irritable bowel syndrome, infectious diarrhea, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea, along with decreasing cholesterol levels and enhancing host immunity. To be used as probiotics in the future, Enterococcal strains must be properly defined and thoroughly evaluated in terms of safety and can be beneficial. Here, in this work, we have reviewed various aspects of Enterococcus spp. pertaining to its possibility of being utilized as a probiotic strain. 2023 Krishna, et al. -
Development and Validation of the UV-Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Cordycepin, a Nucleoside
The primary, bioactive component of Cordyceps militaris, known as cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine), has been utilized extensively as a traditional medicinal ingredient and a nutritious diet in Asian nations. To determine the amount of cordycepin in the C. militaris, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is shown to be an effective, sensitive, and straightforward analytical technique. Other methods for estimating cordycepin include near infrared spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresismass spectrometry. The UV-Vis spectroscopy approach was used to quantify cordycepin, and the results were statistically confirmed and compared with an HPLC method. For linearity, repeatability, precision, reproducibility, limit of detection and limit of quantification, the method was verified. The established approach can be utilized for routine, quality control analysis of cordycepin, as it is easy to use, sensitive, accurate, precise, repeatable, and most importantly, cost-effective. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Biofuels from bio-waste and biomass
The planet's limited natural fossil fuel reserves are anticipated to be very soon owing to massive usage. Biofuels would be a critical alternative source that may reduce global warming and CO2 emissions. The food-versus-fuel dilemma is, however, one of the key drawbacks of first-generation biofuels like corn ethanol, sugarcane ethanol, etc. Cellulose and hemicellulose, the primary constituents of lignocellulosic feedstocks, could be reduced to sugars by either thermochemical/biological processes before being fermented to generate biofuels. However, owing to structural heterogeneity, more complicated operational techniques are required before the production technology can be commercialized, and several challenges must be addressed. This chapter provided an assessment of various feedstocks, availability, various processing techniques, obstacles, and current technical developments in the generation of biofuels from biomass. 2023, IGI Global. -
Conservation of Endangered Cordyceps sinensis Through Artificial Cultivation Strategies of C. militaris, an Alternate
Cordyceps, an entomopathogenic fungus belonging to the Ascomycota phylum, is a familiar remedial mushroom that is extensively used in the traditional medicinal system, especially in South Asian nations. The significance of this genus members in a range of therapeutic and biotechnological applications has long been acknowledged. The exceedingly valuable fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Cordyceps sinensis) is found in the alpine meadows of Bhutan, Nepal, Tibet, and India, where it is severely harvested. Driven by market demand and ecological concerns, the study highlights challenges in natural C. sinensis collection and emphasizes the shift towards sustainable artificial cultivation methods. This in-depth review navigates Cordyceps cultivation strategies, focusing on C. sinensis and the viable alternative, C. militaris. The escalating demand for Cordyceps fruiting bodies and bioactive compounds prompts a shift toward sustainable artificial cultivation. While solid-state fermentation on brown rice remains a traditional method, liquid culture, especially submerged and surface/static techniques, emerges as a key industrial approach, offering shorter cultivation periods and enhanced cordycepin production. The review accentuates the adaptability and scalability of liquid culture, providing valuable insights for large-scale Cordyceps production. The future prospects of Cordyceps cultivation require a holistic approach, combining scientific understanding, technological innovation, and sustainable practices to meet the demand for bioactive metabolites while ensuring the conservation of natural Cordyceps populations. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.). The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Comparison of cultivated Cordyceps militaris and wild Ophiocordyceps sinensis using high-performance thin-layer chromatography
Cordyceps, a fungus from the Clavicipitaceae family, has long been utilised in traditional Chinese medicine as a rare and prized mushroom. Among 750 known species, two noteworthy species within the genus are Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris. Among the active components generated by this genus, cordycepin and adenosine are particularly significant and exhibit various pharmacological properties. To evaluate and compare the concentrations of cordycepin and adenosine, high-performance thin-layer chromatography profiling was employed on lab-grown C. militaris and wild O. sinensis. Water and ethanol were utilised to extract the nucleosides. The concentrations of these nucleosides from different samples were calculated by using Rf (Retention factor) values of both cordycepin and adenosine standards. Interestingly, the fruiting bodies of C. militaris obtained through solid-state fermentation exhibited a higher cordycepin content (12.3 mg/g) compared to biomass obtained via liquid static culture. In the case of O. sinensis, cordycepin was found to be absent, with only adenosine (approximately 0.81 mg/g) being quantified. 2024 World Researchers Associations. All rights reserved.