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An Application of the Caputo Fractional Domain in the Analysis of a COVID-19 Mathematical Model
Vaccination programs aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus appear to have a significant global impact. In this research, we have investigated a mathematical model projecting COVID-19 disease spread by considering five groups of individuals viz. vulnerable, exposed, infected, unreported, recovered, and vaccinated. Looking at the current abnormal pattern of the virus spread in the projected model, we have implemented the fractional derivative in the Mittag-Leffler context. Using the existing theory of the fractional derivative, we have examined the theoretical aspects such as the existence and uniqueness of the solutions, the existence and stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points, and the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium point. In computing the basic reproduction number, we have analyzed that the existence and stability of points of equilibrium are dependent on this number. The sensitivity of the basic reproduction number is also examined. The importance of the vaccination drive is highlighted by relating it to the basic reproduction number. Finally, we have presented the simulation of the numerical results by capturing the profile of each group under the influence of the fractional derivative and investigated the impact of vaccination rate and contact rate in controlling the disease by applying the Adams-Bashforth-Moultan (ABM) method. The present research study demonstrates the importance of the vaccination campaign and the curb on individual contact by featuring a novel fractional operator in the projected model and capturing the corresponding consequence. 2024 P. Veeresha, et al. -
Study of chaos in the Darcy-Bard convection problem with Robin boundary condition on the upper surface
Possibility of chaos is studied in Darcy-Bard convection using the Dirichlet and the Robin boundary condition at the lower and upper boundaries, respectively. Comparison is made with the results of Dirichlet (classical-Darcy-Bard convection, CDBC) and Neumann boundary condition (Barletta-Darcy-Bard convection, BDBC). It is found that the cell size at onset is bigger in the case of BDBC compared to the generalized-Darcy-Bard convection (GDBC) and much bigger compared to CDBC. The critical-Darcy-Rayleigh number of BDBC is found to be the least and that of CDBC is the largest. Nonlinear-stability-analysis is performed leading to the scaled-generalized-Vadasz-Lorenz model (SGVLM). In deriving this model, help is sought from a local-nonlinear-stability-analysis that yields the form of the convective-mode. The SGVLM is shown to be dissipative and conservative, with its bounded solution trapped within an ellipsoid. Onset of chaos and its characteristics are studied using the Hopf-Rayleigh-number, the Lorenz-butterfly-diagram, and the plot of the amplitude of the convective-mode vs the control-parameter, R, which is the eigenvalue. Chaos sets in earlier in CDBC and much later in BDBC when compared to that in GDBC. Beyond the onset of chaos is seen a sequence of chaotic and periodic motions, with the latter sometimes being present for an extended period. 2024 Author(s). -
Does environmental policy stringency improve nature's health in BRICS economies? Implications for sustainable development
In our groundbreaking exploration, we meticulously delve into the relationship between environmental policy stringency, international trade dynamics, and financial openness within the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) spanning from 1996 to 2021. With a focus on critical variables such as economic growth and technological innovation, our empirical findings challenge conventional wisdom. Surprisingly, we found that those stringent environmental policies, when standing alone, do not invariably lead to reduce CO2 emissions. Equally interesting is our startling discovery that the anticipated moderating influence of environmental policy stringency, catalyzed by trade and foreign direct investment, on the well-being of our environment does not materialize; contrarily, both trade and foreign direct investment moderating channels exhibit unanticipated positive correlations with CO2 emissions. These revelations provoke us with the presence of a "pollution haven" phenomenon within the BRICS economies. Furthermore, our investigation reveals that, when examined individually, trade and foreign direct investment also appear to contribute to elevated emission levels. These findings provide a resolute solution to our research quandary, underlining the indispensable requirement for cutting-edge and robust environmental policies. These policies must possess the prowess to effectively counteract the adverse environmental consequences stemming from the amalgamation of global trade and financial integration. In doing so, they shall propel BRICS nations toward a future firmly grounded in principles of sustainability and ecological integrity. 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
Generalized viscoelastic flow with thermal radiations and chemical reactions
Background: A generalized model of mathematical nature is considered to address the viscoelastic flow problem using fractional derivatives. Control/freedom of the flow mechanism is achieved with these derivatives. In simulations of industrial interest, more variations are available with fractional derivatives when compared with ordinary derivatives. Relaxation times are incorporated to handle the abrupt changes in the flow domain. Fluid flow is carried out under the influence of thermal radiations and when a heat source or sink is present. Chemical reactions of the first order are observed in the mathematical modeling of the flow. Methods: Flow is induced with the movement of the lower surface while applying force on the x-plane. Simulations of the governing mathematical problem are computed with the combination of finite element and finite difference algorithms. Significant Findings: It is noted that velocity, temperature, and concentration change with the variation of fractional order derivatives which was not possible with the classical derivatives. Moreover, with greater relaxation times, velocity, temperature, and concentration remained at a lower level. The modeled mechanism can be considered to avoid costly trials in chemical and polymer casting industries. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
An ethnographic expose of Mithun-human interrelationship among the Kuki community of Northeast India
Unrestrained consumption and a lack of a proper breeding ecosystem have depleted the variety and species count of mithun (Bos frontalis). Indigenous Kuki tribes have a unique relationship with mithun, reared in the semi-domestic countryside. For the Kuki community, a mithun is used during community festivals, as a bride price in marriages, to settle disputes, in land-deed covenants, and at death ceremonies. Mithun-human interrelationship lessens poverty, empowers community survival, guarantees the completion of critical cultural obligations, and maintains marital bonds in the Kuki community. The head of a mithun signifies solemnity and celebration in many cultural underpinnings. A white cock, a dog, a goat, a pig, and a mithun were sacrificial elements to appease the unseen spirits for good health and prosperity. While some Indigenous practices have faded with the arrival of Christianity, the cultural involvement of mithun persists to this date. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Effects of global warming, time delay and chaos control on the dynamics of a chaotic atmospheric propagation model within the frame of Caputo fractional operator
The Lorenz-84 climate model is a simplified mathematical model that describes the chaotic behavior of atmospheric convection and its impact on global climate patterns. It captures the presence of chaotic behavior in the motion of westerly wind and helps understand the concept of sensitivity to initial conditions. But as observed over the years, the westerlies are gaining more strength due to the rise in atmospheric temperature. In this work, we have modified the old model to observe the changes in the behavior of the system due to global warming and time delay. The modified model has been generalized using Caputo fractional derivative to provide a more accurate representation of the system with memory effect and non-local behavior. The stability of the new model has been tested at all the equilibrium points. Using Picard's operator and Banach's Fixed Point theorem, it has been shown that there exists a unique and bounded solution for the new model. It has been observed that the sole effect of global warming makes the system gradually unstable from chaotic as the fractional order ? is decreased from 0.80 to 0.50. Also, a shift in the bifurcation point has been noticed for the new model. All three Lyapunov exponents have been calculated for different fractional orders to confirm the presence of chaos in the modified model as well. A chaos control law has been constructed for the modified chaotic model using the sliding mode control theory. Interestingly, the chaos disappears completely when the effect of time-delay is considered in the modified model. Since our proposed time-delayed modified model shows an asymptotically stable nature for all fractional orders ? less than 0.85, it is better suited to make more accurate predictions about the strength of the westerlies. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Efficacy of in-person versus digital mental health interventions for postpartum depression: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Aim: This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of in-person and digital mental health interventions in addressing Postpartum Depression. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, the protocol for this meta-analysis was registered at the Open Science Framework (Retrieved from osf.io/wy3s4). This meta analysis included Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) conducted between 2013 and 2023. A comprehensive literature search identified 35 eligible RCTs from various electronic databases. Inclusion criteria focused on pregnant women over 18 years old, encompassing antenatal depression and up to two years postpartum. Diagnostic interviews or Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to establish PPD. Digital interventions included telephonic, app-based, or internet-based approaches, while in-person interventions involved face-to-face sessions. Results: The meta-analysis revealed a moderate overall effect size of ?0.69, indicating that psychological interventions are effective for PPD. Digital interventions (g = ?0.86) exhibited a higher mean effect size than in-person interventions (g = ?0.55). Both types of interventions displayed substantial heterogeneity (digital: I2 = 99%, in-person: I2 = 92%), suggesting variability in intervention content, delivery methods, and participant characteristics. Conclusion: Digital mental health interventions show promise in addressing PPD symptoms, with a potentially greater effect size compared to in-person interventions. However, the high heterogeneity observed in both modalities underscores the need for further research to identify key drivers of success and tailor interventions to diverse populations. Additionally, the choice between digital and in-person interventions should consider individual needs and preferences. Ongoing research should further investigate and optimise intervention modalities to better serve pregnant women at risk of PPD. 2024 Society for Reproductive & Infant Psychology. -
Hybrid homomorphic-asymmetric lightweight cryptosystem for securing smart devices: A review
The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a new concept in information and communication technology, and its structure depends on smart device communications. It was evolving as a significant factor of the Internet and made the interconnection of huge devices likely, accumulating huge amounts of information through innovative technologies. Thus, the requirement for IoT security is more significant. Scalable services and applications are susceptible to information leakage and attacks, demanding higher privacy and security. Cryptography is a technique to secure data integrity, confidentiality, authentication, and network access control. Owing to several limitations of IoT devices, the classical cryptographic protocols are not appropriate for all IoT smart devices like smart cities, smart homes and so forth. Consequently, researchers have introduced numerous lightweight cryptographic (LWC) protocols and algorithms for IoT security. Numerous solutions are available in the research field regarding security using cryptographic algorithms in IoT environments; however, such solutions have not attained satisfactory outcomes. So, finding a solution by examining the recent issues is open research. This article investigates the various LWC protocols for IoT devices and provides a reasonable enquiry into existing ubiquitous ciphers. Furthermore, the article appraises various recently presented lightweight (LW) block ciphers and hybrid homomorphic LWC regarding security. In addition, this article assists in comprehending the significance of security features and progression in cryptographic algorithms. Finally, the article reports on the necessary changes and recommends upcoming research focuses. Also, this article assists in realizing the importance of security and progressions in cryptographic algorithms. 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. -
An Improvised Mechanism for Optimizing Fault Detection for Big Data Analytics Environment
In the applications of fault detection, the inputs are the data reflected from health state of the observed system. A major challenge to finding errors is the nonlinear relationship between the data. Big data has other drawbacks, and the volume and speed with which it is generated are reflected in the data streams themselves. In this paper, we develop a deep learning model that aims to provide fault detection in big data analytics engine. This investigation develops an approach for fault detection in large datasets using unsupervised learning. In this research, an unsupervised method of learning is developed specifically for the task of classifying large datasets. To discover regular textual patterns in large datasets, this research use data visualization methods. In this virtual environment, we employ an unsupervised learning method of machine learning that does not require human oversight. Instead, the system should be allowed some leeway to work and find things on its own. The unsupervised learning approach utilizes data that has not been tagged. In contrast to supervised learning, this approach can handle complex tasks. 2024, Ismail Saritas. All rights reserved. -
Does integrated store service quality determine omnichannel customer lifetime value? Role of commitment, relationship proneness, and relationship program receptiveness
Purpose: Building on the relationship marketing and stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory, the purpose of this paper is to study the impact of the integrated store service quality (ISSQ) on the omnichannel customer lifetime value (CLV). The mediating role of customer commitment (affective, normative and continuance) and relationship program receptiveness with the moderating role of customer relationship proneness were relied upon to better understand the omnichannel customer profitability metric (CLV). Design/methodology/approach: The study is descriptive and relies upon the cross-sectional data collected using the self-administered structured questionnaires from 785 omnichannel shoppers. A purposive sampling technique was performed in the study. Structural equation modeling was performed using the SMART-PLS 4.0 software to analyze the data. Findings: The results indicate that omnichannel customer commitment (affective, normative and continuance) differentially mediates the relationship between ISSQ and relationship program receptiveness, subsequently impacting the omnichannel CLV. The customer relationship proneness significantly and positively moderated the relationships between different dimensions of customer commitment and relationship program receptiveness. Research limitations/implications: The study relied upon the cross-sectional data from the Indian population aged above 18years for testing the proposed model. Further studies could test the model across different populations to generalize the study results. Originality/value: This study addresses the need to investigate the omnichannel retail store customer profitability and their relationship performance with the store. By testing the customer relationship management model in the omnichannel retail store context, this study is the first to show that ISSQ will impact the customer profitability and relationship performance metric (CLV) through omnichannel customer commitment and relationship program receptiveness. The moderating effect of customer relationship proneness on a few proposed hypotheses was also tested to give managerial recommendations. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Assessment of bioactivity of the novel exopolysaccharide secreted by Bacillus subtilis isolated from the gut of marine anchovies
The current work focuses on the isolation, characterization, and purification of an exopolysaccharide secreted by a novel bacterium isolated from dried anchovies. The bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis using 16S sequencing. B. subtilis in MRS medium produced exopolysaccharide (EPS), which gave a maximum yield of 1928 mg/L. The total molecular weight of the polysaccharide present was around 20 kDa. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of the EPS displays the existence of methylene, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups. Atomic force microscopy indicates a highly cross-linked structure with lumps. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed a coarse surface. The EPS also showed emulsification potential. This study shows that the EPS is a prospective candidate for further studies on their applications. 2024 Thejaswi Bhandary and Paari Kuppusamy Alagesan. -
Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated by Strobilanthes hamiltoniana: Characterizations, and its biological applications
Nanoparticles of Zinc oxide (ZnONPs), has a variety of applications such as antibacterial property, water treatment for pollutant removal, and as catalysts for organic reactions etc. and have been synthesized utilizing a variety of approaches, including green synthesis, chemical precipitation, solgel, hydrothermal synthesis, and microwave-assisted synthesis. In the present work, easy and economically viable ZnONPs were synthesized utilizing Strobilanthes hamiltoniana (SH) leaf extracts. Phytochemicals form S. hamiltoniana act as agents for reducing and capping the metal oxide ions. A range of analytical and microscopic techniques have been used to investigate the physical and chemical properties of ZnONPs. At 360 ?nm, green synthesized SH-ZnONPs showed robust UVVis absorption. The nanosize, shape, and crystalline structure of SH-ZnO NPs were characterized using XRD and electron microscopy techniques. Using SH-ZnO NPs, the photocatalytic activity of textile dyes such as Reactive blue 220 (RB-220), Reactive blue 222A (RB-222A), Reactive yellow 145 (RY-145) and Reactive yellow 86 (RY-86) dyes showed degradation efficiency of 97.3%, 78.57%, 88.88%, and 83.33% after 320 ?min. ZnONPs exhibited remarkable antibacterial effectiveness against bacterial and fungal pathogens using the Minimum inhibitory concentration approach. Their MIC values were calculated, and free radical scavenging experiments showed antioxidant activity. The SH-ZnONPs were validated using HepG2 (IC50) cancerous cells lines and showed promising anti-cancer activity. These results revealed that SH-ZnO NPs had promising benefits that could be utilized as a viable therapeutic candidate. 2023 The Author(s) -
Aplicaci obligatoria de las NIIF y relevancia del valor de la informaci contable en la India; [Mandatory IFRS enforcement and value relevance of accounting information in India]
This study investigates the influence of IFRS enforcement on the explanatory power of earnings and book value on the market price in an emerging economy, India over five years that is two years before mandatory IFRS enforcement for 2014-2015 and three years after IFRS enforcement for 2016- 2018. Total 3470 firm-year observations were examined by assembling data from the BSE website and the annual reports of the firms for this purpose. The findings of the study conclude that the financial reporting environment has improved after introducing the IFRS, which was reflected through a strong and significant association between market price and its two dominating variables earnings and book values. However, the findings also suggest that earnings have been stronger and more significant predictors of market price post-IFRS enforcement than book values, which showed a negative association with market price and declined after IFRS enforcement. The study also suffers from diverse constraints similar to previous studies such as limited data sets and years coupled with only two variables and suggests future scope for research in diverse angles where researchers can employ the return model, and add more control variables such as cash flows, leverage, size, growth... 2019 Universidad Nacional Automa de Mico, -
Youth of North East States of India: Issues, Concerns and Need for Mental Health Support as Perceived by NCC Officers
The youth of North-East India are in disadvantaged situations as compared to youth from the rest of the country in all respects. The objective of this article was to examine the views of the NCC Officers of North-East states about youth welfare in the region as they have first-hand experience in dealing with youth. Participants views were obtained on-line, by using a Semi-structured Questionnaire in the form of Google Form. A group of 142 NCC Officers provided feedback. Data collected were subjected to thematic analysis. Findings disclosed that youth of North-East states experience a range of challenges including poverty, lack of internet facilities, inability to attend NCC camps due to ongoing classes, substance dependence, lack of guidance and support leading to dropout and lack of values. The NCC Officers opined that a good number of North-East youths require mental health support and career guidance, in addition to mental health awareness. 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Social capital in the form of self-help groups in India: a powerful resilient solution to reduce household financial vulnerability
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the economys general situation, many households are now financially vulnerable. It is like a vicious cycle: once a household is caught, it will remain in the trap until and unless it competently manages its finances. These problems experienced by households have drawn attention to social capital. Self-help groups (SHGs) originated in India to pull out low-income households from poverty and are now recognized as social capital, which can be defined as the action of a group cooperating to enhance all its members benefits. This article aims to explain how SHGs have contributed to reducing various factors or determinants of household financial vulnerability through a review of several other publications, theses, newspaper articles, and reports. It was discovered that SHGs now provide much more benefits than just alleviating poverty. They have helped to reduce bad loans or non-performing assets, reduced the dependence on informal sources of finance, made households more resilient toward crises such as COVID-19, and enabled households to save money and manage their finances accurately. Organizing themselves into SHGs is the only way for rural households to overcome financial difficulties. 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Planetary Ball Milling and Tailoring of the Optoelectronic Properties of Monophase SnSe Nanoparticles
Downscaling of tin monoselenide (SnSe) samples to the nanometer regime (~8020nm) without affecting the structure, homogeneity, and optoelectronic properties was carried out by high-energy planetary ball milling (BM). The milling rate was varied from 200rpm to 800rpm by adopting a dry and wet-grinding top-down approach on customized stoichiometric SnSe precursors. The degree of crystallinity was assessed by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and selected area electron diffraction. The lattice parameters, a = 4.435 b = 11.498 and c = 4.148 of the nanoparticles were calculated from the PXRD data. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis confirmed the chemical homogeneity (49.88:51.12 at.%) of the samples. The effects of rotational velocity as well as mode of grinding on the morphology and the size of SnSe powders were investigated using electron microscopes. The direct optical transition with band gap varied from 1.75eV to 2.28eV was elucidated from UV-Vis-NIR data. Photoluminescence revealed an increase in the intensity of the emission peak at 462.97nm with angular velocities for both types of grinding. The variation of electrical resistivity (36107 ? cm) and mobility (3.451.12 cm2/Vs) with rotational speed was calculated for all the samples. The results obtained for the ball-milled nanoparticles pave the way towards the reduction of particle size, formation of stable morphology, and appreciable crystalline structure quality suitable for solar cell absorbers. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2023, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. -
Polyamines influence the production of Boeravinone-B from cell suspension cultures of Boerhavia diffusa L.
Boerhavia diffusa L. (Punarnava) is an ayurvedic herb with a wide range of phytochemicals and pharmacological activities that have been utilised since antiquity. Boeravinone-B (an isoflavone rotenoid molecule) is one of the most significant secondary metabolites produced in its plant body. Modern plant biotechnological tools have helped in the overproduction of desired plant secondary metabolites from in vitro cell and organ cultures. Elicitation is one such strategy employed for the production of phytochemicals. In the present study, polyamines like putrescine, spermine and spermidine have been used as elicitors for the production of Boeravinone-B. The cell suspension cultures of punarnava have been treated with polyamines at various concentrations, ranging from 0.5 to 20M, at various day intervals of 2, 4 and 6 before the harvesting. The fresh weights, dry weights of cell suspension cultures, their Boeravinone-B content and yield are evaluated. Among all the various polyamine treatments, 2.5M spermidine (SPD) on the 6th day before harvesting shows the highest Boeravinone-B content of 10.88 0.13mgg?1 DW and yield of 110.34mg L?1 respectively, which is a five-fold increment compared to the control cultures (2.16 0.06mgg?1 DW and 16.35mg L?1) respectively. The highest total phenolic content in the cell suspension cultures is observed with 1?M SPD on the 2nd day prior to harvesting (194.25 0.37mgg?1 DW), while the highest levels of flavonoids are observed with 2.5?M SPD on the 6th day before harvesting (86.85 0.26mgg?1 DW). 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. -
Porous 3D Printed System for Synergistic Tandem Water Cleaning-Energy Generation
Non-availability of fresh water is the dire consequence of rapid industrialization and the unregulated discharge of industrial effluents. In an attempt to recover water from highly contaminated industrial wastewater, researchers have relied on developing various materials that can treat polluted water efficiently and sustainably. 3D printed materials have proved to be an emerging technology in water treatment. 2Dmaterials have recently enhanced filter technology due to their morphological properties. This study focuses on removing salinity and organic dyes utilizing 2DGadolinium telluride (Gd2Te3) coated 3D printed (2D@3DP) complex architecture. The 2D@3DP structure can potentially increase the contact time of adsorbed saline water due to its complex architecture and can remove ?52% salinity from brackish water. Furthermore, methylene blue (MB) and Methyl Orange (MO) removal efficiencies are ?69% and 45%, respectively. Spectroscopic and microscopic results confirm the adsorption of negatively charged chlorine ions on a positively charged 2D surface. The removal of bleaching powder is also tested for real-life applications, and ?20% of the bleaching powder is adsorbed. Moreover, the 2D@3DP device exhibits an electrical signal due to impinging sodium chloride droplets from different heights, making it a sustainable solution to address water pollution. 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Financial Development Convergence: Evidence from Top and Bottom Globalised Developing Economies
This paper investigates the pattern of the financial development convergence for the top (Europe and Central Asia) and the bottom (South Asia) globalized developing regions from 1984 to 2016. We employ the Philips-Sul club convergence approach to measure the financial development convergences speed. The results validate the convergence of financial development in all countries, including the top and bottom of globalized developing regions. Interestingly, the speed of financial development convergence is less in the bottom globalized developing region than in the top globalized developing region. However, these results vary across developing regions in the case of financial institutions and financial markets. Therefore, solid financial market governance can provide a productive and efficient financial system, particularly in the bottom globalized economies. 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Deforestation, Climate Change and the Sustainability of Agriculture: A Review
This study aims to survey the literature and factual evidence on the nexus between deforestation and agriculture through an assessment of the potential impacts of climate change in the context of the world, India, and the Western Ghats. The Western Ghats region was chosen for this study because of its deep ecological significance. A few underlying themes were created and findings were documented under each theme that ranged from the causes of deforestation, the transformation of forest land for agriculture, the nexus between agriculture, deforestation and climate change, climate-driven agricultural vulnerability and the reconciliation of forest protection with agriculture. These findings suggest that shifting agriculture has been a dominant source of deforestation. The primary climatic impacts on agriculture are seen through crop yield falls. Indias arid and semiarid tropical regions have witnessed high climate-driven agricultural sensitivity. This could be on account of the fact that Indias tropical forests have witnessed high deforestation. The presence of higher tree densities in areas under Joint Forest Planning and Management in the Western Ghats create the potential for sparing remaining land areas for non-forest uses such as agriculture. 2024, Editorial office of Journal of Resources and Ecology. All rights reserved.