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Super strongly perfect graphs
Some of the published results on super strongly perfect graphs are found to be erroneous. We provide some examples and counter examples on the concepts associated with super strongly perfects. 2022 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Coloring of Non-zero Component Graphs
The non-zero component graph of a finite dimensional vector space V over a finite field F is the graph G(V?) = (V, E), where vertices of G(V?) are the non-zero vectors in V, two of which are adjacent if they share at least one basis vector with non-zero coefficient in their basic representation. In this paper, we study the various types of colorings of non-zero component graph. (2024), (Universidad Catolica del Norte). All rights reserved. -
Centrality measures-based sensitivity analysis and entropy of nonzero component graphs
The nonzero component graph of a finite-dimensional vector space over a finite field is a graph whose vertices are the nonzero vectors in the vector space, and any two vertices are adjacent if the corresponding linear combination contains a common basis vector. In this paper, we discuss the centrality measures and entropy of the nonzero component graph and also analyze the sensitivity of the graph using the centrality measures. 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Some New Results on Non-zero Component Graphs of Vector Spaces Over Finite Fields
The non-zero component graph of a vector space with finite dimension over a finite field F is the graph G=(V,E), where vertices of G are the non-zero vectors in V, two of which are adjacent if they have at least one basis vector with non-zero coefficient common in their basic representation. In this paper, we discuss certain properties of the non-zero component graphs of vector spaces with finite dimension over finite fields and their graph invariants. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
New results on orthogonal component graphs of vector spaces over Zp
A new concept known as the orthogonal component graph associated with a finite-dimensional vector space over a finite field has been recently added as another class of algebraic graphs. In these types of graphs, the vertices will be all the possible non-zero linear combinations of orthogonal basis vectors, and any two vertices will be adjacent if the corresponding vectors are orthogonal. In this paper, we discuss the various colorings and structural properties of orthogonal component graphs. 2024 Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. -
Modified carbon substrates for electrocatalytic oxidation of selected heterocyclic carbinols
Electrochemically modified carbon electrodes are used as a substrate for electrocatalytic oxidation of different heterocyclic carbinols. Carbon fiber paper (CFP) is newlineused as the electrode substrate on which various modifications are employed. Modified newlineelectrodes were prepared by using different surface modification strategies such as newlineelectrodeposition of Pd nanoparticles or Pd-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles on a conducting newlinepolymer, polyaniline which is electropolymerized on to CFP. Biomass derived porous carbon nanoparticle coated CFP was also used for electrodeposition of Pd nanoparticles or MnO2-Pi nanoparticles. These modified electrodes were physicochemically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Optical profilometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemically characterized using Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This modification methods have attracted a lot of attention due to their exceptional stability, high electronic conductivity, mechanical strength, and good adhesive property to the substrate and to the modified electrode. The modified electrodes show excellent electrochemical and newlinephysicochemical properties which are demonstrated using various analytical techniques. The organocatalytic reagent, TEMPO is used as a mediator throughout the studies which helps to carry out the oxidation of organic molecules in an aqueous acidic medium. The developed electrodes have been successfully applied for the oxidation of different heterocyclic alcohol such as 4-pyridinemethanol, 2-thiophene methanol, and 2-Furfuryl alcohol to corresponding 4-pyridinemethanal, 2-thiophene methanol and 2-Furfural. -
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Electrospinning of polyetheretherketone-based homopolymers and block copolymers
Electrospinning involves the fabrication of ultrafine fibers, typically ranging in diameter from nanometers to micrometers. This process entails applying a high voltage to a polymer solution or melt, resulting in the production of fibers that can be collected on a designated surface. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a semicrystalline linear polycyclic aromatic polymer with high thermal stability. It is a high-performance thermoplastic known for its mechanical strength, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. The rigid radiolucency, stable physicochemical properties, and biocompatibility of electrospun PEEK homopolymer fibers make them suitable reinforcements in composite materials, medical sutures, removable prosthetics, vertebral surgery, orthopedics, and scaffolds for tissue engineering. PEEK homopolymers offer a wide range of advantages; however, they have a high melting temperature, high viscosity in the molten state, and a low glass transition temperature. Blending PEEK with other polymers and the formation of block copolymers introduces an additional set of functionalities by combining the properties of PEEK and other polymers. PEEK block copolymers can be electrospun with tailored properties and diverse morphologies, resulting in enhanced processability and compatibility for broad applications, including medical implants, filtration membranes, and reinforcing materials. This chapter discusses the principles and parameters of electrospinning, the factors responsible for the electrospinning of PEEK-based homopolymers and block copolymers, issues such as solubility, spinnability, and related costs, and possible solutions for overcoming these issues. Various applications of electrospun PEEK homopolymers and block copolymers are also discussed in this chapter. 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Ion-imprinted carbon dots: rationally designed fluorescent probes for the detection of selected metal ions from aqueous solutions
Photoluminescence properties of Carbon Dots (CDs) have been leveraged for their use as sensors for a variety of analytes, including inorganic ions, organic molecules, and biomolecules. The selective fluorescence response of CDs to specific analytes is generally not pre-designed. Rationally designed synthesis of CDs with pre-defined selectivity to specific analytes is a less explored avenue. This study presents a novel method for the customized synthesis of CD fluorescent probes and an ion-imprinting-based selective detection of metal ions using these CDs. Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) [PSS] treated with Cd(ii) ions was used as the precursor for preparing Cd-imprinted CDs, and a modified form of these CDs was used for the sensing of Cd(ii) in aqueous solutions. As synthesized CDs have Cd(ii) ions on their surface, which were subsequently removed through appropriate chemical treatment. This removal results in binding sites of Cd(ii) ions on the CDs. Formation of such binding sites results in alterations of the fluorescence of CDs. Exposure of these particles to analytes containing Cd(ii) ions leads to the re-occupation of the binding sites by the metal ions, resulting in a distinct fluorescence response, which serves as the sensing readout. Effectiveness of this ion-imprinting approach is demonstrated by the selective and sensitive fluorescence response of the CDs towards Cd(ii) ions, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.62 nM. This strategy of Cd(ii) detection using ion-imprinted CDs represents a novel effort in CD-based sensors, and this can be extended to the sensing of other cations also. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025 -
Ultrafast nonreciprocal transmission modulation in metasurfaces with epsilon-near-zero materials
Nonreciprocity refers to the difference in received to transmitted ratio when the source and detector are interchanged [1]. Optical isolator - component which allows transmission in one direction - is a canonical example of a nonreciprocal device. Nonreciprocity can be achieved through three known pathways; (i) materials with asymmetric permittivity or permeability tensors, such as ferrites; (ii) nonlinear light-matter interactions[2-4]; and (iii) time-varying systems[5]. While traditionally nonreciprocal components are quite large in size, nanofabrication of metasurfaces has enabled their miniaturisation to the nanoscale. However, ultrafast nonreciprocal responses at the nanoscale remain still a challenge. Here we design and study metasurface with an epsilon near zero material indium tin oxide (ITO) that enables ultrafast switching of refractive index via Kerr nonlinearity, in order to achieve optical isolation. 2025 IEEE. -
Phytochemical screening, GC-MS profiling and in vitro antioxidant activity of leaves of Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. ex C. DC.
Plants are a rich source of phytocompounds, have remained an integral part of traditional medicine and serve as alternativesto modern medical treatments. They are powerful sources of antioxidants and the bioactive compounds in plants are associated with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Dysoxylum malabaricum is a species of medium to large-sized trees from the Meliaceae family that is widely found in the Southern Western Ghats and its bark and fruits are used in traditional medicine. Even though it is widely used as ethnomedicinal plant, limited research has been done on its phytochemical constituents, especially the phytocompounds presentin the leaves. Therefore, this study aims to extensively explore and identify the phytocompounds and bioactive elements found in the leaf extracts of D. malabaricum. Extract was prepared from leaves of D. malabaricum using soxhlet extraction method in different solvents (methanol, water and chloroform). Quantitative estimation of phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant assays were carried out, followed by chemical profiling of the extracts using GC-MS, which revealed the presence of many important secondary bioactive compounds. The methanolic extract showed a higher concentration of phenolics (67.88 0.26 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (57.55 0.23 mg QE/g) when compared to aqueous and chloroform extracts. The methanolic extract also demonstrated remarkable DPPH scavenging (with IC50value 32.45 0.22 g/mL) and ferric reduction activities. The results demonstrate that D. malabaricum is an effective source of bioactive and antioxidant compounds. 2025 Horizon e-Publishing Group. All rights reserved. -
Coverage of Kasthurirangan report by Major Kerala newspapers: A study based on two national and regional newspapers /
This paper tries to evaluate the phenomenon of news-views coverageon Kasthurirangan Report in Print Media considering its peak discussed period that is, from November 2013 to January 2014. The time constraint made the researcher to restrict only to print media coverage in Kerala rather considering the other forms of media platform‟s coverage. -
Effect of Various Double-Frequency Modulations on Rayleigh-Benard Convection
Rayleigh-Bard convection in Newtonian fluid under different types of modulations are studied in this thesis by replacing the single frequency modulations with two frequency modulations with different amplitude and frequency. Linear and non-linear analysis of Rayleigh-Benard convection is considered under two-frequency gravity, rotation, temperature, magnetic field and internal heat generation modulation. The sixteen combinations of sinusoidal (trigonometric sine) and non-sinusoidal (square, triangular, sawtooth) wave forms of different modulations are considered to study the impact of modulations on the onset of convection and heat transport. The expressions for unmodulated Rayleigh number and correction Rayleigh number in the linear case are obtained from linearized Lorentz model using Venezian approach. To study the impact of different types of modulations and wave forms on the heat transport, the expression for the Nusselt number is obtained by solving the non-linear Lorentz model numerically. From the study it is found that the two-frequency modulations make the system more stable compare to no-modulation and single-frequency modulations. The mixing angle of the two frequency plays major role in deciding the stability of the system. The results pertaining to no-modulation and single frequency are obtained as the limiting cases. Onset of Rayleigh-Bard Convection and Heat Transfer under Two-frequency newlineRotation Modulation The study investigates the effect of sixteen sinusoidal (sine) and non-sinusoidal combinations (square, triangular, sawtooth) of time-periodic Coriolis force (rotation modulation) on Rayleigh-Bard convection (RBC) in a Newtonian liquid. The consideration captures the potential effects of two-frequency rotation modulation on stability, newlinespecifically the onset of convection and the amount of heat transfer in the system simultaneously. -
IoT Based Bus Identification and Distance Notifier for the Visually Impaired
Public transport is a major obstacle for the visually impaired, and it tends to limit their independence and mobility. To overcome this problem, the current project presents an IoT-based bus identification and distance notification system that is meant to offer real-time support and improve the traveling experience of the visually impaired commuters. The system uses a Raspberry Pi controller in combination with an RFID reader and several RFID cards, each one of which is designated for a particular bus, to detect oncoming vehicles. A GPS unit monitors the position of the bus at all times, so it is possible to calculate exact distances to any of the stops. For additional convenience, the system includes three push-button switches programmed to three predetermined bus stops. Users may pick their destination stop, and the system will offer auditory feedback in terms of distance to the selected destination. Feedback is offered by an earphone, providing hands-free use and receiving instructions without visual interaction. The integration of RFID-based bus identification, GPS location, and voice guidance provides smooth real-time information, less reliant on outside help. The system increases mobility confidence through accurate, timely, and convenient information, enabling blind travelers to make use of public transport independently. Through the combination of IoT technology and assistive technologies, the project enables enhanced accessibility and inclusion in urban mobility systems. 2025 IEEE. -
A comparative study of machine learning: Models for web tracker detection
Web trackers, used by websites, collect user data and monitor online activity, often with or without explicit consent. With concerns for online privacy, there is a growing need to detect these web trackers. This study evaluates several machine learning (ML) techniques for detecting web trackers, focusing on evaluating their performance from the key metrics such as accuracy, precision, and recall. We analyzed supervised methods, such as random forest, support vector machines (SVM), neural networks, gradient boosting, and unsupervised methods, including DBSCAN and isolation forest. Models were trained on a comprehensive dataset extracted from URLs with feature engineering, and data preprocessing techniques were applied to enhance model performance and detect both known and unknown trackers and normal traffic. Our results indicate that supervised models outperform unsupervised methods, demonstrating their superior ability in distinguishing web trackers from normal traffic. This work highlights the effectiveness of ML-based tracker detection and outlines opportunities for improving privacy protection through adaptive supervised learning methods. 2026 selection and editorial matter, Jossy George, Kamal Upreti, Ramesh Chandra Poonia, Ankit Gautam, and Danish Nadeem; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Effect of functionalization on the energy storage performance of super capacitors derived from wood charcoal
The electrochemical performance of wood charcoal is investigated with respect to the disorders in the system after subjecting to oxidation and exfoliation conditions. The Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge curves indicate an improvement in the electrochemical behavior, resulting in a marginal increase in the specific capacitance values at higher exfoliation temperatures. The improvement is predominantly due to the change in the structural disorder in the system accompanied by the incorporation of oxygen functional groups which act as electrochemical active species. The exfoliation of wood charcoal at 160 and 200C yield a specific capacitance of 6.23 and 12.24 F/g at a current density of 0.01 A/g. The ESR values representing the overall resistance of the system are observed to be 6.07 ? for 200C as opposed to 10.41 ? of the bare material, making the material more conducting. The drastic change in the structural morphology along with the optimal amount of oxygen functional groups can be the reason for this behavior. The acquired results offer useful information for investigating the possibilities of fabricating supercapacitors with wood charcoal by tuning the defects of the system. 2024 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. -
Evaluating the electrochemical performance of single and multiple heteroatom doped carbon black from waste tires for supercapacitor application
With the growing emphasis laid on the research related to energy storage systems, the need for cost-effective and efficient materials is quintessential. The present work reports a comprehensive study and a promising strategy to enhance the electrochemical behaviour of Carbon Black derived from waste tires by the incorporation of heteroatoms such as Nitrogen and Sulfur into the system. The study investigates the electrochemical performance of Carbon Black with single doping, and further examines the enhanced performance with co-doping. While the Nitrogen-doped Carbon Black exhibits a specific capacitance of 97.63F/g, the Sulfur doped Carbon Black exhibits 141.8F/g and the co-doped Carbon Black exhibits an enhanced specific capacitance of 233F/g at a current density of 1 A/g in the two-electrode system. A significant improvement in the specific surface area is achieved in the materials with post-doping techniques. Furthermore, the co-doped Carbon Black provides superior electrochemical behaviour with sustained energy density of 30Wh/kg even at a higher power density of 5.6kW/kg with an improved cyclic stability of 91% over 5000 cycles. Thus, effective valorization of Carbon Black recovered from waste tires enables the development of efficient and affordable electrode material for the fabrication of supercapacitors. 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
Nanoarchitechtonics of high surface area carbon material for coin cell supercapacitor application
Advancing energy storage systems thrive on innovative electrode materials, balancing sustainable synthesis with enhanced electrochemical performance. In the present work, a feasible approach for developing a carbon derivative exhibiting all the promising features of a superior electrode material is reported. Nitrogen and Sulfur are strategically incorporated into the carbonaceous material along with Potassium-based activation, such that additional pseudocapacitance, along with an enhanced surface area are achieved. Carbon derived from charcoal is co-functionalised with Nitrogen and Sulfur via a two-step pyrolysis technique, resulting in a material that exhibits improved surface area of 1488.8m2g?1 and enhanced electrochemical performance. It showcases a gravimetric capacitance of 689Fg?1 and 295Fg?1 at 1Ag?1, corresponding to the three and two-electrode setups respectively. A gravimetric capacitance of 425Fg?1 is maintained at a high current density of 50Ag?1 with a capacitance retention of 61.6 %. A sustained energy density of 20.50W h kg?1 at a power density of 3.1kWkg?1 is achieved by this material with a stability of 94 % for 5000 cycles at 2Ag?1. In addition, coin cells fabricated with the as-prepared material demonstrated the real-world feasibility by illuminating LEDs of different colors. 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
Chitosan Coated-Liposomal Microencapsulation of Fucoidan Extracted from Marine Sargassum wightii: Assessment of Its Biofunctional and Therapeutic Properties
Fucoidan, a sulphated polysaccharide derived from Sargassum wightii, holds significant therapeutic potential due to its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. Despite its therapeutic properties, its clinical efficacy is limited by poor bioavailability and instability. This study reports the successful encapsulation of fucoidan in liposomes employing the thin-film hydration technique, followed by chitosan coating to enhance its stability and biological activity. Structural integrity and successful encapsulation were confirmed through FTIR and UVVis spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity assessed via DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays demonstrated concentration-dependent radical scavenging, with chitosan-coated formulations exhibiting superior efficacy. The formulation was reported to exhibit strong antioxidant potential, as indicated by DPPH (38.65% at 500?g/ml) and H?O? (40.707% at 400 ?g/ml). Antimicrobial testing revealed notable activity against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, but not against the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, suggesting a narrow-spectrum antibacterial potential. The antimicrobial assays conducted reported a zone of inhibition of 11.4mm for a concentration of 2mg/ml. Furthermore, scratch wound assays and MTT-based cytotoxicity analysis on L929 fibroblast cells indicated promising wound-healing activity, with a wound closure of 92.72% observed 72h after treatment with the sample. The IC?? value of 100?g/ml was also reported to have high cell viability of 84.22%. These findings underscore the potential of chitosan-coated liposomal fucoidan as a multifunctional bioactive system for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
Relevance of comic books in the Indian context /
The purpose of the study is to find out whether comic books are still relevant in the minds of their Indian readers. With the advent of television, cellular phones, and the world wide web- readers of the 90’s had rapidly lost interest in these printed illustrations due to the lack of innovation and distribution.