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Topological insights into weather dynamics in the Indian context: An application of clustering and Mapper algorithm
Analysis of day-to-day weather patterns is critical and essential in daily life. Although traditional methods exist, in modern times, we have developed realistic and reliable methods to provide better insights and understanding of complex weather patterns for various surges, especially in these times of global warming. Implementing clustering and topological data analysis in this analysis has looked into a vast understanding of how regions with similar characteristics behave when weather changes occur due to heat, pressure, or wind-related phenomena. The classification model developed using Mapper analysis has produced 95.8% accuracy, concluding that weather follows a transient weather pattern due to various resources and how stagnant conditions affect transient weather patterns, causing rise in sub-clusters. Thus, fitting and interpreting newer models helps us understand weather analysis and classification. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Topological Indices Based on Distance Labeling
This thesis explores the prospect of combining two prime branches of graph theory, newlineviz., topological indices and graph labeling, specifcally radio labeling. The majority newlineof the work includes the topological radio indices of graphs and their properties. Topological indices are numerical values associated with graphs and invariant with graph isomorphisms. Apart from Topological Radio Indices, it provides some additions to the eccentricity-based topological indices. newlineRadio labeling or radio coloring, c, is assigned to a graph G such that the label difference between any two vertices must be greater than diam(G)+ 1 and#8722; d(u,v). Optimum radio labeling is the foundation for defning Topological radio indices. Labeling whose span is the radio number of the graph and which leads to the minimum value of the index newlineis considered the optimum radio labeling. The topological radio indices and coindices newlineare defned and are found out for some special classes of graphs, including gear graphs, newlinewheel graphs, and star graphs. The bounds for the frst, second and third Zagreb radio indices have been established and characterized for the classes of graphs for which the bound is sharp. Furthermore, newlinespecifc relationships between Zagreb radio indices and coindices are established concerning different parameters of the graph. newlineThe idea of consecutive radio labeling is explicitly studied. We have characterized the newlinegraphs with diameter 2 admitting consecutive radio labeling. We have studied the properties of graphs admitting consecutive radio labeling and stated the necessary and suffcient conditions for a graph to follow consecutive radio labeling. The study extended to eccentricity-based topological indices, viz., the forgotten eccentricity indices. The maximum d(u,v) for all v in V(G) is the eccentricity of the vertex u in G. This work also investigates eccentricity-based coindices and some of their properties. newlineApart from this, some uniquely radio colorable graphs are examined and characterized. -
Topic Modelling of ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine
Online news sites provide hotspots to extract popular ratings and opinions on a wide range of topics. Realizing what individuals are referring to and understanding their concerns and suppositions is exceptionally significant to organizations and political missions. Furthermore, it is incredibly difficult to physically peruse such enormous volumes of data and gather the themes. Keeping in mind the prevailing plight of war-Torn nations such as the recent conflict between Russia and Ukraine. This study performs aims to perform topic modelling using LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) and text analysis on datasets collected from various online news websites. To increase the accuracy and efficacy of the topic modelling, a comparative analysis is proposed that elevates the performance of machine learning models. This study also develops an algorithm where the entire process can be automated from the point of data collection to finding optimum array of topics in the given dataset. Searching for insights from the collected information can therefore become very tedious and time-consuming. Topic modelling was designed as a tool to organize, search, and understand vast quantities of textual information. The topic model using LDA was utilized to do a text analysis for this research. In the beginning, researchers have scraped a total of 1178 articles that covered the war conflict between Russia and Ukraine from December 1, 2021, to May 16, 2022. After that, researcher built the LDA model and modified hyper parameters based on the coherence score Cv that was used for the model evaluation technique. When using the most effective model, prominent topics, and representative documents pertaining to each topic, topic allocation among the documents, and potential enhancements are covered in the last section. 2022 IEEE. -
Tools and technologies for the governance of knowledge management
Knowledge management is a consolidation of various endeavours and disciplines. This chapter assesses the space of knowledge management and examines the significance of running a successful business with an efficient management system. To have a smooth management in a company, all the employees in the company need to access all the required information, which may be comprised of documents, collaboration of teams, policies in various departments, etc. All of these require an efficient knowledge management system. A framework for characterising the various tools and techniques available to knowledge management practitioners are well explored in the chapter. 2022, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Tools and framework for cyber-physical agricultural systems
The development of cyber-physical agricultural systems (CPASs) has created new opportunities for precision farming, sustainable food production, and efficient use of resources. CPAS leverages advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) to collect, analyze, and utilize data to improve farming practices. However, the implementation of CPAS requires the use of various tools and frameworks to ensure seamless integration and communication between different components of the system. One of the key tools for CPAS is sensors. This chapter focuses on key tools for CPAS, such as sensors that can collect data on environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and nutrient levels, enabling farmers to monitor crop growth and identify issues. The use of drones equipped with cameras and sensors can provide a birds eye view of farmland, allowing farmers to detect issues that are difficult to detect otherwise. Frameworks such as the Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture (OPC-UA) provide a standardized approach to communication between different devices and systems in agricultural systems. OPC-UA enables secure and efficient data exchange between sensors, machines, and other components, enabling the integration of various tools and frameworks within CPAS. This framework ensures that different components of CPAS can communicate seamlessly, leading to more efficient and effective farming practices. Another critical framework for CPAS is the decision support system (DSS). DSS utilizes AI and ML algorithms to analyze data from various sources and provide recommendations to farmers. For example, DSS can provide guidance on crop selection, planting dates, irrigation schedules, and pest management. This framework can assist farmers in making informed decisions that can increase yield, reduce waste, and improve sustainability. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Tooling Evaluations and Reference Architectures for AI- Augmented Agile Project Management: Bridging Practice and Governance in Modern Delivery Organizations
Agile and DevOps practices are central to modern delivery organizations, yet the rapid proliferation of AI- augmented project management tools has created fragmented ecosystems that weaken transparency, governance, and value realization. Although AI copilots, predictive analytics, intelligent backlog management, and autonomous agents promise improved decision- making and delivery performance, their adoption has outpaced coherent evaluation frameworks and governance- aligned architectures. This chapter addresses this gap by proposing a structured approach to evaluating AI- powered Agile tools and designing reference architectures that support responsible human-AI collaboration. Drawing on multi- criteria decision- making models, Agile and DevOps metrics, AI capability theory, and MLOps/LLMOps principles, the chapter integrates technical, organizational, and ethical dimensions. Cross- industry cases illustrate how governance- by- design enhances agility, value creation, and trust in AI- augmented Agile delivery. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Tool wear and tool life estimation based on linear regression learning
Tools have remained an integral part of the society without which stimulation of certain aspects of human evolution would not have been possible. In recent times the modern tools are used in the manufacturing of high precision components. We know that the accuracy and surface finish of these components can be achieved only by the usage of accurate tools. Sharp edged tools may loosen their sharpness due to repeated usage and machining parameters. Hence to address this issue we propose a system to monitor tool wear by using the captured image of cutting tool tip. We used vision system since it is the primitive method of predicting tool wear and two main machining parameters feed rate and depth of cut. The image of flank wear cutting edge at tool tip is captured by examining under profile projector. The system uses linear regression model to calculate tool wear which is mapped onto continuous 2-D coordinates with feed rate and depth of cut as axis from a captured digital image. Thus the proposed intelligent system uses profile projector and digital image processing methods to estimate tool wear continuously and predictively like humans rather than using strict rules. By estimating tool wear continuously the machine can better perform and machine components accurately by using the resultant values of feed rate and depth of cut as a threshold which are arrived as a result. 2015 IEEE. -
Tomato Plant Disease Classification Using Transfer Learning
Detecting and categorizing diseases in tomato plants poses a significant hurdle for farmers, resulting in considerable agricultural losses and economic harm. The prompt underscores the significance of promptly identifying and classifying diseases to enact successful management strategies. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in tasks involving image classification, notably in categorizing diseases that impact tomato plants. However, CNN models can be computationally expensive to train and require large datasets of labeled images. Utilizing advanced CNN models can enhance the efficacy of classification models for tomato plant diseases, simultaneously decreasing computational expenses and the demand for extensive training data. Enhanced CNN models can be developed using a variety of techniques, such as transfer learning, data augmentation, and residual networks. This project aims to implement a tomato plant disease classification model using an enhanced convolution neural network. This work uses the lifelong learning method which is the model that allows one to learn new tasks without forgetting previous knowledge. Leveraging sophisticated CNN models can improve the effectiveness of classification models for tomato plant diseases, while also reducing computational costs and the need for extensive training data. It is beneficial for tasks where there is limited data available to train a model from scratch. 2024 IEEE. -
Tolerance of Ambiguity, Perfectionism, and Counselling Self-Efficacy Among Trainee Counsellors in India
Background: The presence of a wide gap between the need and availability of mental health counsellors has been a constant challenge in the Indian mental healthcare system. Considering the inherent complexity within the counselling profession and with literature evidence indicating that the fear stemming from the ambiguity of the counselling process, professional requirements, and internship experiences influences counsellors career decisions, it becomes crucial to focus on important factors at play. Methods: This research aimed to investigate the relationships between tolerance of ambiguity, perfectionism, and counselling self-efficacy among trainee counsellors in India. A quantitative correlational cross-sectional design is employed. The participants constitute post-graduate students pursuing their final year of master's in counselling psychology, counselling specialization or applied psychology programmes. Participants were recruited using a purposive sampling technique (N = 435). The scales administered are as follows: (i) Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale-II (MSTAT-II), (ii) Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) and (iii) Counsellor Activity Self-Efficacy Scale (CASES). Findings: The findings indicate that intolerance of ambiguity significantly correlates negatively with counselling self-efficacy, as demonstrated by Pearson correlation analysis (r = ?0.254, p < 0.001). Regression results showed that tolerance of ambiguity significantly predicted 6% of counselling self-efficacy. Furthermore, an independent samples t-test indicated gender differences, with female trainee counsellors (M = 37.6; SD = 6.84) having a higher tolerance of ambiguity than males (M = 34.9; SD = 6.85); and male trainee counsellors (M = 256.3; SD = 47.36) having higher counselling self-efficacy than females (M = 219.2; SD = 55.11), with a medium to large effect size. Discussion: This study has implications for counsellor training and allows for a deeper understanding of counsellor self-efficacy, providing insight into the current status of counselling trainees in India. Efforts should be taken to reduce ambiguity in educational and training experiences and improve tolerance and self-efficacy among male and female trainees. 2025 British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy. -
Tobacco Farming, Addiction, Promotion of Gender Equality, Well-being and Monopoly of the Indian Market
Womens land rights are still suppressed in India because men hold most of the land, and men decide what crops to grow. Tobacco use and farming are both detriments to ones health. It causes cancer, and cancer treatment is unavailable in the majority of Indias remote areas. On the other hand, tobacco is grown in remote regions of India, and cancer hospitals are concentrated in major cities. There are eight states in Indias north-eastern region, but only one cancer treatment facility in Guwahati, Assam. There is a need for new cancer hospitals in the north-eastern part of the country, where there is just one cancer hospital for eight states. Mindfulness training and tobacco harmful effects awareness education should be integrated into the educational curriculum and community centres. The school curriculum should include more mindfulness and psychoeducation about tobaccos detrimental effects. The pandemic situation in India and elsewhere make any community-based response difficult right now. Some parts of India, such as A&I Island, the North-Eastern region of India, and J&K, lack high-speed internet connectivity; therefore, radio, television, audio CDs, audio files, recorded videos, reading materials, and cell phones may be the best ways to reach out. Internetbased outreach is another option. A non-governmental organisation (NGO) or other organisation would be required to create regional language reading material, audio files, and video files. Given the global pandemic crisis, such programmes must be put in place as soon as possible. A team of specialists, regional language experts, local cultural experts, and volunteers would be needed to achieve these objectives. 2022 -
Tobacco Economics, Banks, and Mindful Solutions for Long-Term Sustainability
To sustain the incomes, one must implement multiple cropping systems for farmers who grow their crops in Indias tobacco industry. The inflation in urban/rural areas may signal tax evasion and require regulation. When standards are not met, trade in illicit products appears; it can negatively affect a countrys economic and environmental future. There is hope in reshaping mindfulness practices for tobacco control and public health. As of June 2024, the cigarette market volume in India is US$13,370.0 million. From 2022 to June 2024, Indias cigarette market volume increased to $1.29 billion. As of June 2024, Chinas cigarette market volume is $285,130 million, more than Indias. From 2022 to June 2024, Chinas cigarette market volume has increased by US $10,800 million. Chinas cigarette market volume has increased by US$ 9.51 billion more than Indias. Both Chinas and Indias cigarette consumption has increased. AI and virtual reality may aid addiction recovery. Comprehensive strategies, including establishing de-addiction centres, implementing psychoeducation, developing a new intervention manual, developing new interventions, developing new assessment tools, and policy changes, a need to reduce tobacco consumption and address underlying causes. Incorporating mindful methods, new assessment tools, and proper formulation into an economic approach can help curb tobacco consumption sustainably while improving public health. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
To study the factors of consumer involvement in fashion clothing /
International Journal Of Science And Research, Vol.3, Issue 7, pp.542-546, ISSN No: 2319-7064. -
To merge or not to merge: A case study of an EPC
Start ups face multiple challenges since inception and it is their response to these challenges that decides their success or failure. This case study examines the challenges of an EPC firm working in the field of alternative energy. It hopes to show that while initial growth may follow the path drawn by the entrepreneur, a point is reached when options for future growth inevitably face a dilemma. On the one hand getting investors to bring in funds is difficult in the absence of an order book for projects. On the other hand getting firms to give it project orders without the support of funds is also equally challenging. This is a turning point and the future of the firm depends on how it is able to surmount this challenge. However during the course of its journey the firm gets a foothold in the market and based on its unique competencies builds up a strategic position which can be exploited by a bigger player in the segment. This is in line with the Resource Based View of mergers and acquisitions that holds that gaining competitive advantage is the primary motive for an acquisition. The case follows the story of entrepreneur Deb who set up Streamline Energy, an EPC firm in 2015-16 in Navi Mumbai hoping to carve out a slice of the market in the growing field of alternative energy. 2020 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
Titanium based dual behavioral magnetic nanocomposite for ipso-hydroxylation and selective oxidation reactions under white light
A new titanium-based magnetic nanocomposite was prepared using facile method. The characterization of the prepared nanocomposite by various analytical techniques confirmed the successful coating of TiO2 on to the magnetic surface. A vital role of the prepared nanocomposite as photocatalyst for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ipso-hydroxylation of aryl boronic acids under the illumination of tailor-made set up employing white light was demonstrated. The nanocatalyst was recycled and it retained excellent catalytic activity towards both the reactions upto several cycles demonstrating the excellent heterogeneous nature and possible application in the industries ensuring the sustainability. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Titania Doped CDs as Effective CT-DNA Binders: A Novel Fluorescent Probe via Green Synthesis
Carbon dots (CDs), which belong to the class of zero-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials, have garnered significant interest owing to their wide array of applications spanning from the electronics industry to the healthcare sector. This work employs a facile, inexpensive approach to synthesize green luminescent carbon dots (J-10) from a potential medicinal plant named Justicia Wynaadensis by the one-step hydrothermal method. A nanocomposite (JT-10) of the CDs is prepared by adding TiO2 nanoparticles derived from green synthesis of Lavandula leaves. The J-10 and JT-10 are further characterized by X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Raman analysis X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared techniques (FTIR), UVvis spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL), and Fluorescence or PL lifetime analysis. The average size of synthesized CDs is 1.85 nm and exhibits an excitation-dependent fluorescence nature at 320 nm. PL lifetime analysis of J-10 and JT-10 is calculated to be 5.80 and 2.84 ns respectively. Offering these unique optical properties and biocompatibility, the synthesised material is suitable for investigating their binding affinity and interaction mechanisms with DNA. The use of JT-10 in DNA binding studies contributes to the development of sustainable and efficient nanomaterials for applications in biosensors, drug delivery, and gene therapy. 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Tissue-Specific Profile and Activity Patterns of Glycosyl Hydrolases from Trichosanthes Anguina (Snake Gourd)
Plant glycosyl hydrolases (GH) and their function have been extensively studied using biochemical and molecular genetic approaches. GHs are involved in metabolism of various glycoconjugates specifically by the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds and also in N-glycan processing. Several GHs have been extensively characterized from various plant sources and their diverse functional roles in cell wall polysaccharide metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and remodulation, signaling, symbiosis, secondary metabolism, etc. have been studied. However, information on tissue specific distribution of these enzymes, which is crucial for further understanding their physiological roles in plants is highly limited. In these lines, the present study was aimed at qualitative analysis of selected GHs from different tissues of a model plant, Snake Gourd (Trichosanthes anguina). The qualitative analysis of GHs such as ?-mannosidase, ?-hexosaminidase, ?-galactosidase, ?-glucosidase, ?-glucuronidase, ?-glucosidase, ?-galactosidase, ?-mannosidase and ?-fucosidase from seeds, sprouts, roots, stem, leaves, flowers and fruits of the Snake Gourd plant was carried out. Activities of different GHs varied in a tissue specific manner. The ?-mannosidase activity was maximum in ripened fruits whereas ?-hexosaminidase showed highest activity in roots. Interestingly, flowers had maximum activities of ?-glucuronidase and ?-fucosidase. The correlation analysis suggested significant correlations between various GHs which altered in tissue specific manner. (2023) Association of Carbohydrate Chemists and Technologists. -
TiO2-sodium alginate core-shell nanosystem for higher antimicrobial wound healing application
Wounds that are not properly managed can cause complications. Prompt and proper care is essential, to prevent microbial infection. Growing interest in metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) for innovative wound treatments targeting healing and microbial infections. In this research, sodium alginate-coated titanium dioxide (TiSA) NPs are synthesized through a green co-precipitation method, combining inorganic TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) and SA (sodium alginate). Analysis via XRD and TEM revealed that the resulting TiSA NPs possessed an anatase phase and polygonal structure, respectively. Biomedical investigations demonstrated that TiSA NPs exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the positive control, as well as its counterparts, and showed higher wound healing capabilities compared to TiO2 NPs. The antimicrobial effectiveness of TiSA NPs relied on various physicochemical factors, including small particle size, an altered band gap, and the presence of oxygen vacancies, resulting in microbial cell death. Moreover, TiSA NPs treatment demonstrated higher wound healing activity (98 1.09 %) compared to its counterparts after 24 h of incubation. Assessment of cytotoxicity on healthy fibroblast cells (L929) revealed that TiSA NPs exhibited lower toxicity compared to TiO2 NPs. These findings support the potential of TiSA NPs as promising agents for antimicrobial activity and wound healing. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
TiO2-sodium alginate core-shell nanosystem for higher antimicrobial wound healing application
Wounds that are not properly managed can cause complications. Prompt and proper care is essential, to prevent microbial infection. Growing interest in metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) for innovative wound treatments targeting healing and microbial infections. In this research, sodium alginate-coated titanium dioxide (TiSA) NPs are synthesized through a green co-precipitation method, combining inorganic TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) and SA (sodium alginate). Analysis via XRD and TEM revealed that the resulting TiSA NPs possessed an anatase phase and polygonal structure, respectively. Biomedical investigations demonstrated that TiSA NPs exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the positive control, as well as its counterparts, and showed higher wound healing capabilities compared to TiO2 NPs. The antimicrobial effectiveness of TiSA NPs relied on various physicochemical factors, including small particle size, an altered band gap, and the presence of oxygen vacancies, resulting in microbial cell death. Moreover, TiSA NPs treatment demonstrated higher wound healing activity (98 1.09 %) compared to its counterparts after 24 h of incubation. Assessment of cytotoxicity on healthy fibroblast cells (L929) revealed that TiSA NPs exhibited lower toxicity compared to TiO2 NPs. These findings support the potential of TiSA NPs as promising agents for antimicrobial activity and wound healing. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
TiO? and ZnO based ternary nanocomposites coupled with gC?N? and tetra-amino zinc phthalocyanine for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performance
Electrocatalytic water splitting is a sustainable approach to address the energy crisis driven by the rapid growth of global population. The development of affordable and efficient electrocatalysts is inevitable in advancing the field. In the current study, TiO2NPs-TAZnPC-gC3N4 (TiO2 nanoparticles, tetra amino zinc phthalocyanine, and gC?N?) and ZnONPs-TAZnPC-gC3N4 (ZnO nanoparticles, tetra amino zinc phthalocyanine, and gC?N?) ternary nanocomposites have been prepared using a dispersion method. The structural identity of nanoparticles and the effective incorporation of additional moieties into the final system are validated using powder X-ray diffraction analysis and confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal the sheet-like structures of gC3N4 and TAZnPC, decorated with spherical TiO2NPs and hexagonal ZnONPs. The prepared ternary composites are evaluated for their electrocatalytic water splitting performance. In particular, the electrocatalysts reveal excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) capabilities with overpotentials of 420 mV and 450 mV for TiO2NPs-TAZnPC-gC3N4 and ZnONPs-TAZnPC-gC3N4, respectively. 2025 Elsevier B.V.