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The Linkage Between the Determinants of Sustainable Growth and Energy-Efficient Consumption to Sustainable Development: A Cross-Country Analysis
The research explores the determinants of sustainable development, highlighting the impact of sustainable growth and energy-efficient consumption. Furthermore, individually analyzing the factors influencing sustainable development, sustainable growth and energy-efficient consumption. Using secondary data sources for 19 variables, the study analyzed it for the G20 nations excluding the European Union. Nevertheless, the findings conclude that a positive relationship between sustainable growth and energy-efficient consumption contributes to sustainable development. Including macroeconomic, spatial and socio-economic variables as control variables enhances the studys findings by unravelling a unique perspective and relationship between these variables on sustainable development. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
A Survey on Adaptive Authentication Using Machine Learning Techniques
Adaptive authentication is a reliable technique to dynamically select the best mechanisms among multiple modalities to authenticate a user based on the users risk profile generated using behavior and context-based information. Websites or enterprise applications enabled with adaptive authentication will have a more robust security system as analyzing the large volume of the user, device, and browser data in real time generates a risk score that decides the appropriate level of security. Though a significant amount of research is being carried out on adaptive authentication, no single model is suitable for a global attack. This paper provides a structured (extensive) survey of current adaptive authentication techniques available in the literature to identify the challenges which demand future research. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
An Architecture for Risk-Based Authentication System in a Multi-Server Environment
Identity authentication, a vital part of any application access, is also one way for imposters to gain access to an application using various fingerprint authentication technologies. Therefore, because of the lack of security in the authentication architecture, this paper proposes an architecture for a risk-based authentication system using a machine learning model in a multi-server environment. Since the recent study mainly focuses on the multi-server environment and adaptive authentication independently, very little work has been proposed using a multi-server environment for adaptive authentication. The study aims to estimate risk for the user during the initial login process and when the user's data is extracted enough for prediction in a multi-server environment. 2023 IEEE. -
Risk-Based Authentication System Using Hierarchical Sub-Feature-Based Model-(HSFBM)
Password-based authentication system recently has been more secure as risk-based authentication system (RBA) is indentured. The RBA system monitors the parameters extracted during the user login process, and based on the proposed model, the system raises a multi-factor authentication to the user. As the vulnerability has increased concerning passwords, fingerprints easy access to any web application may result in a security flow. Several best practices have addressed these issues, but the security threats have been challenging during the initial login sessions. Hence, this paper proposes a novel method for an effective risk identification method during the initial login phase using a hierarchical sub-feature-based model for different categories of users in an RBA system. The FAR is comparatively better in our proposed model, with minimal re-authentication requests for the user. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Urban coastal resilience - An assessment
Increase in the urban area leads to the increase of impervious surfaces which is stressing urban watershed balance resulting in issues like urban flooding in cities around the world. Coastal urban areas experience the pressures of a higher water table which contributes to the rising urban flooding issues of the area. Urban resilience as a concept was developed in cities across the world which includes multiple strategies to cope with the impacts of climate change in cities by integrating engineering and ecological measures. Urban resilience for urban flooding aims to achieve the water balance of an area by balancing the increase of impervious surfaces using ample green and grey infrastructure. This paper aims to understand and evaluate the effectiveness of urban resilience measures implemented in coastal cities worldwide. 2023 Author(s). -
Synthesis and characterization of cyclopentadithiophene and thienothiophene-based polymers for organic thin-film transistors and solar cells /
Macromolecular Research, Vol.26, Issue 10, pp. 1-8, ISSN: 1598-5032 -
Privacy Risk Prediction from Social Media Metadata using Feature Selection Approaches
Millions of new people sign up to online social networks (OSNs) every year, which contributes to the growing spread of Personally Identifiable Information. This often ends up occurring unconsciously, either due to the low stakes involved or because the user doesn't understand or underestimates what can go wrong. This trend indicates the need for a trustworthy means to quantify the privacy danger of sharing information online. The volume of OSN data can simply be too staggering for any degree of meaningful manual review, given both the time and man-hours this would entail. This research presents a two-step, unsupervised, and efficient method to estimate privacy risks at the post level. The first step involves using the most advanced reasoning-based Large Language Model, Gemini 2.5 Pro, to generate a comprehensive 'vulnerability score', which is used as a reference for model training. The next step involves comparing the two most used machine learning feature selection techniques, Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) and Correlation-Based Selection, to select the best features for predicting this score from metadata alone. The results indicate that Correlation-Based Selection produces better results for both the regression and classification-based models, and the top-performing regression model achieves an R-squared of 0.86. Through this, a practical and scalable method to identify privacy-sensitive content effectively on large datasets has been presented in this study. 2025 IEEE. -
Effects of suction-injection-combination (SIC) on the onset of Rayleigh-Benard magnetoconvection in a micropolar fluid
The effects of suction-injection-combination (SIC) and magnetic field on the linear stability analysis of Rayleigh-Benard convection in a horizontal layer of an Boussinesq micropolar fluid is studied using a Rayleigh-Ritz techinque. The eigenvalues are obtained for free-free, rigid-free and rigid-rigid velocity boundary combinations with isothermal and adiabatic temperature conditions on the spin-vanishing boundaries. The eigenvalues are also obtained for lower rigid isothermal and upper free adiabatic boundaries with vanishing spin. The influence of various micropolar fluid parameters on the onset of convection has been analysed. It is found that the effect of Prandtl number on the stability of the system is dependent on the SIC being pro-gravity or anti-gravity. A similar Pe-sensitivity is found in respect of the critical wave number. It is observed that the micropolar fluid layer heated from below is more stable compared to the classical fluid layer. 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Effect of Imposed Time-Periodic Gravity Modulation and Electric Field on the Onset of Rayleigh-Benard Convection in a Couple Stress Fluid
International Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Applications, Vol-6 (6), pp. 421-435. ISSN-0973-9424 -
Three-Component Convection in a Vertically Oscillating Oldroyd-B Fluid With Cross Effects
This paper sheds light on the impact of vertical oscillations (or gravity modulation) on triple-diffusive convection in a viscoelastic fluid using the Oldroyd-B model, in the presence of cross effects. Cross effects can significantly impact three-component convective systems, despite having small magnitudes. When the cross terms, indicating coupled molecular cross-diffusion of the mixture components, are included in the equations governing heat and species transport, then a deviation from the usual three-component convection process is observed. An analytical solution has been found using linear and nonlinear analysis. The conditions for the onset of convection have been obtained using the linear analysis, which is based on the perturbation technique and the Venezian method. In nonlinear analysis, the expressions for Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, which quantify the rate of heat and mass transport respectively, are obtained by deriving the Lorenz model. It has been found that the onset of convection and heat and mass transport can be controlled by choosing the appropriate values of the parameters. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. -
Convection in a horizontal layer of water with three diffusing components
Triple diffusive convection in water is modelled with properties like density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and thermal expansion, modified in the presence of salts. The GinzburgLandau equation is derived to study heat and mass transports of different combinations of salts in water. A table is prepared documenting the actual values of thermophysical properties of water with different salts and the critical Rayleigh number is calculated. This information is used in the estimation of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers and their relative magnitudes are commented upon. A detailed study on different single, double and triple diffusive systems is done and comparison is made of the results. The local nonlinear stability analysis made via a GinzburgLandau model mimics many properties of the original governing equations, namely, Hamiltonian character and a bounded solution. 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Linear and nonlinear triple diffusive convection in the presence of sinusoidal/non-sinusoidal gravity modulation: A comparative study
The non-uniform vertical vibrations (gravity modulation) or g-jitter or time-periodic body force, can be realized by oscillating the system vertically. The time periodic variations are considered to vary sinusoidally (trigonometric cosine) or non-sinusoidally (square, sawthooth and triangular) to study three-component convection in a Newtonian fluid using linear and non-linear analyses. In the linear theory, the expressions for the Rayleigh number and the correction Rayleigh number are obtained by using a regular perturbation method. The eigen value is obtained by adopting the classical Venezian approach. The generalized Lorenz model is derived using a Fourier series with additional modes and under the assumption of the Boussinesq approximation and small-scale convection motion. The resulting non-autonomous Lorenz model is solved numerically to quantify the heat and mass transports. The results are considered against the background of the results of no modulation. Study reveals that all the four types of gravity modulation delay the onset of convection and thereby lead to the diminished heat transfer situation. It is also found that in the case of trigonometric type of gravity modulation heat and mass transports are between those of the cases of triangular and square types. The results in respect of saw-tooth and triangular wave modulations are identical. 2021 Elsevier Ltd -
EFFECTS OF SINUSOIDAL AND NON-SINUSOIDAL TEMPERATURE MODULATION IN A TRIPLE DIFFUSIVE CONVECTION
The Triple Diffusive convection with time-dependent sinusoidal (cosine) and non-sinusoidal (square and triangular) temperature modulation is studied using linear and non-linear analysis. The expression for Rayleigh number and correction Rayleigh number is obtained by using perturbation method which gives the prospect to control the convection. Effects of various parameters of the problem are individually studied for two cases of temperature modulation namely, (i) in-phase and (ii)out-of-phase. Ginzburg-Landau equation using multi-scale method is derived to study the effects of temperature modulation on heat and mass transfer. It is observed that both solutal Rayleigh numbers stabilizes or destabilizes the system depending on the values of the frequency of modulation. 2021 I??k University, Department of Mathematics. All Rights Reserved. -
Happiness at Work: Flow as an Aid in Achieving Workplace Excellence
The volume provides a comprehensive understanding of the conceptual and practical implications of happiness. It is a synthesis of cutting-edge research and real-world strategies by authors from diverse disciplines, including psychology, sociology, philosophy, neuroscience, spirituality, education, literature, arts, and music. It offers a glimpse into the science and practice of happiness by exploring positive psychological variables such as mindfulness, emotional intelligence, physical rest, flow, bliss, psychological well-being, spiritual happiness, and workplace happiness. This volume is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the pursuit of happiness, combining rigorous scientific inquiry with practical wisdom to guide readers on their journey toward a joyful and meaningful existence. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Infrared Eye Tracking: Unlocking Communication Pathways for Coma Patients
Eye tracking technologies have emerged as a groundbreaking technology in assessing and facilitating communication in patients with disorders of consciousness, including patients in a coma. Traditional methods of diagnosis rely on behaviour responses, which are non-existent or very minimal, thereby resulting in misdiagnosis or delayed intervention. Eye tracking provides an objective, non-intrusive means to measure ocular movement, visual interest, and response patterns, which may enable clinicians to make inferences regarding cognitive processing and residual consciousness. Furthermore, these devices provide a window of opportunity for the creation of minimum communication, enabling patients to communicate needs or preferences utilizing gaze-supported interfaces. This paper discusses current eye tracking systems, their application in the clinical field, and the prospect of applying them in the integration of these devices into conventional diagnostic and therapeutic routines. The findings stress that eye tracking not only enhances diagnostic accuracy but offers a platform for patient-centred communication, which eventually contributes to improved clinical outcomes and quality of life. Of the methods discussed (EOG, VOG, and infrared), infrared eye-tracking system had the best overall balance of spatial precision, responsiveness, and patient comfort and thus functioned best for diagnostic detection and communication based on gaze in this population. 2026 IEEE. -
Effectiveness of social advertisements on attitudes & practices
Social Advertisements is an influential device for social change. Social advertising is a process of changes in the behaviour is to be positive for promoting social issues through marketing and advertising principles From Social advertising change in behaviour to the individual targeted groups, make them to accept with a behaviour of new-fangled, discard a old behaviour, amend a present behaviour. Social advertising intends to confines targeted customers who wants to change, mutate or reject certain practices such as smoking, drinking, etc. and stimulate them to carry out socially desirable actions. We can see that organizations like UNICEF, UNESCO have used Social advertising for various purposes and with various degrees of success all across the world. Social Advertising and marketing is increasingly common in UK, USA, Australia, Canada and Scandinavian countries, where fundraising and collaboration between companies and NGOs happen almost every day. In a country like India which is faced with a multitude of problems we can reap huge benefits from the proper usage of social advertisements. Attitude and practices are interlinked. Actions are based on thoughts, Practices are based on Attitudes, The people who are having favourable attitudes and they are having favourable practices. The consequences of both primary & secondary data are related to each other which determine that the attitude and practices are interweaved to each other. Therefore the study deduces that there is association between the attitude and practices of health and hygiene. A sample size of 275 was considered and stratified random sampling technique was adopted for this uni-dimensional study which has been carried out with emphasis upon three major demographic variables?District, Area and Gender. Considering these variables as strata, a sample was collected from the respondents belonging to the different established strata in the form of questionnaires. Questionnaires were developed in consultation with experts which are having high reliability scores. After the collection of data, the data was subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis based on the hypotheses formulated using SPSS (version 22.0). The inference of the study was that people who were regularly exposed to social advertisements gained a high level of awareness about health &hygiene, and developed favourable attitude and practices through attitude and practices. BEIESP. -
AR and Online Purchase Intention Towards Eye Glasses
Augmented reality (AR) can be a potent tool for Indian online eyewear marketers by bridging the gap between online and offline purchasing experiences and meeting the needs of social validation and sensory engagement, which are preferences of Indian consumers. The present research explores how augmented reality (AR) technology affects Indian consumers' intentions to buy glasses online. A combination of descriptive and exploratory research design was used on the sample size of 236 consumers. Data was analyzed using frequency table and Structured Equation modelling (SEM) to identify the relationship amongst the variables. The findings indicate that accessibility to product information, telepresence, and perceived ease of use are important variables impacting purchase intention. AR can bridge the gap between online and offline experiences, meet consumer preferences, and create trust and confidence. Future research should explore AR's effectiveness and personalization possibilities for Indian online eyewear retailers. Future research should explore AR's effectiveness and personalization possibilities for Indian online eyewear retailers. 2024 IEEE. -
An Innovative Approach for Osteosarcoma Bone Cancer Detection based on Attention Embedded R-CNN Approach
The malignant bone tumor osteosarcoma. Any bone is at risk, but lengthy bones like the limbs are more vulnerable. Although the precise cause of this malignant growth is uncertain, experts concur that it is caused by changes to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) inside the bones. This can cause the breakdown of good tissue and the growth of aberrant, pathological bone. Osteosarcoma has a 76% cure rate if detected early and treated before it spreads to other parts of the body. An X-ray is the primary tool for detecting bone tumors. Bone X-rays and other imaging tests can help detect osteosarcoma. A biopsy should be performed for an accurate diagnosis. This is a time-consuming and tedious task that might be greatly reduced with the help of appropriate tools. Data preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and model training are the four main pillars of the proposed approach. Unwanted noises can be filtered out with some preprocessing. Low-spatial-frequency and high-spatial-frequency components are separated using segmentation. The proposed approach employed Tumor Border Clarity, Joint Distance, Tumor Texture, and other features for feature extraction. Let's move on to A-Residual CNN model training. The success percentage of the proposed approach was 96.39 percent. 2023 IEEE. -
Full Swing Logic Based Full Adder for Low Power Applications
During the design of Application-Specific Integrated Circuits, a whole adder logic circuit plays a significant role. The full adder is a fundamental part of the majority of VLSI and DSP applications. Power consumption in full adders is one of the key factors; hence it is necessary to build full adders with low power consumption. Full adders are developed in this work employing full swing AND, OR, and XOR gates and compared with pass transistor logic (PTL) based AND, OR, and XOR gates, and complementary metal oxide semiconductor logic (CMOS) based AND gate, OR gate, and XOR gate. The Mentor Graphics Tool is used to construct and simulate every planned circuit. After receiving simulation data, we compared the power consumption, delay and PDP of several complete adder-based logic designs. In the proposed full swing XOR, the power dissipation and delay is decreased by 10.5% and 9.8% respectively and hence the full swing full adder PDP is decreased by 0.6%. As compared to alternative full adder designs based on logic, full swing by using gates like AND gate, by using the OR gate, and with the help XOR gate, full adder design consumes less power and hence suitable for low power applications. 2024, ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. -
Impact of Social Network Sites on Perception of Sociability and Academic Performance of College Students in Bangalore
The Revolution in ICT has transformed the life and life style, outlook and approach, conditions and quality of life. No sphere of social life is spared from the all pervasive impact and influence of ICT, more so in case of young generation, especially in urban setting owing to their access to internet and online communication and interaction, influencing the patterns of interaction, transactions, exchange and participation. Since the transformation has been overwhelming, swift and all pervasive empirical understanding of the social realities and implications of this development for the social milieu and institutional fabric is rather imperative and indispensable in gaining insights into the intricate and complex aspects of contemporary society. newlineThe thesis probe empirically into the impact of SNS on the perception and performance of youth in pre-university education in an urban setting has contemporary, sociological and applied relevance. The manuscript provides empirical insights into institutional bonds and synergies, circuits and networks that bind the people, especially the youth of today and shape their identity as well as ideologies. newlineThe Thesis organization divided into five major sections. Chapter one introduces the concept, origin, theoretical framework and other related essence of the topic. The second chapter presents a review of literature against the concepts addressed. The third chapter focuses methods, tools and techniques adopted in the study. The fourth chapter presents analysis and presentation of primary data. The fifth chapter gives summery and conclusion to the whole study. Thus, the impact of social network sites and its effect on pre-university student, especially, social and academic activities is indeed worth the research for the future relevance.