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A Study on Indian Foreign Exchange Market Efficiency
Information has always been a constant force for change and improvisation and this particular aspect of the information was study with reference to the stock markets by Prof. Eugene Fama at the university of Chicago booth school of business as part of his Ph.D. thesis work. Now as per his work the financial markets are "informationally efficient". And the resultant effect of this is that, one cannot consistently achieve returns in excess of average market returns on a risk-adjusted basis, given the information available at the time the investment is made. There are three major versions of the hypothesis: "weak", "semi-strong", and "strong". The weak-form EMH claims that prices on traded assets (e.g., stocks, bonds, or property) already reflect all past publicly available information. The semi-strong-form EMH claims both that prices reflect all publicly available information and that prices instantly change to reflect new public information. The strong-form EMH additionally claims that prices instantly reflect even hidden or "insider" information This main purpose behind this research study is to test for the weak form efficiency of the Indian foreign exchange market and for this purpose daily exchange rate of four nominal exchange rates which are US Dollar, Japanese Yen, Euro, and Pound Sterling from April 2004 to December 2011 are analyzed using unit root tests of Augmented Dickey Fuller Test and Phillip Perron test. As per the results all the exchange rate currencies such as US dollar, Japanese Yen, Euro, and Pound Sterling are found to be stationary in 1st difference. This implies that all exchange rate currencies support the hypothesis of weak form inefficiency and information of any nature that can have a impact on the market will take more time to reflect or create an impact on the prices or rates existing in the market, so this time gap and the constant movement of change between the data points can be used to create a pattern of movement or before the market could adjust, investors by assuming the future change will also be constant as it has been in the past can take advantage of the available information and therefore it becomes easy for the investors to forecast or predict the future exchange rates of respective currencies with the use of past data and thereby leading to super normal profits. -
A Study on Indian Foriegn Exchange Market Efficiency - Application of Random Walk Hypothesis
International Journal of Research in Computer Application & Management Vol. 2, Issue 10, pp. 138-142, ISSN No. 2231-1009 -
A study on induced path decompositions of graphs
A graph is a discrete structure consisting of a set of objectscalled vertices and another set of objects called edges depicting the relationship between pairs of vertices. Therefore, graphs serve as effective models to study networks of all types such as computer networks, telecommunication networks and social networks. The concept of a graph possesses the unique combination of features like simplicity, visibility, beauty, clarity, elegance and effectiveness
in studying problems dealing with network structures. It might be a simple structure like that of an organizational structure in a college, a complex structure like the world wide web (www) or just an abstract structure consisting of objects that are inter-connected according to some rule. -
A Study on Influence of Celebrity Endorsement on Online Consumer Buying Behaviour with Special Reference to Food Products
Celebrity endorsements are now a common marketing tactic used by businesses in a wide range of sectors to increase brand awareness and sway customer behavior. Celebrity branding has been more prevalent in the food product industry, as businesses use the attraction and popularity of these individuals to influence customer choices. The purpose of this study is to examine the complex relationships that exist between consumer purchasing behavior and celebrity endorsement in the context of the food sector. The study takes a multipronged approach, fusing insights with quantitative data to explore the nuances of consumer reactions to celebrity endorsements in the food product space. Through the analysis of a wide variety of food goods, the study aims to clarify the varying effects of celebrity endorsements in different categories and customer groups. In addition, the initiative aims to investigate the psychological factors that underlie consumer perceptions and actions in reaction to food sector celebrity endorsements. To understand their complex impact on consumer decision-making processes, factors including consumer-brand connections, celebrity credibility, and congruence between the celebrity and the recommended product will be closely examined. By conducting a thorough analysis of empirical data and theoretical frameworks, this research project seeks to offer significant insights. A descriptive research methodology employing Quantitative analysis was considered for the study. A sample of 384 respondents from across Bangalore was chosen using the non-probability sampling method. A well-structured questionnaire was prepared, and the survey method of data collection was used. The questionnaires were collected using both online and offline methods. The data collected was analysed using the SPSS, AMOS and Andrew Hayes process macrosModel 1 with multi categorical variables. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
A study on IT enabled crowd sourcing /
International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Special Issue, pp.12-14, ISSN: 2394-9333. -
A study on key determinants of economic growth during pre and post reform periods in india
Schumpeter says that economic life is a process of growth and change, meaning newlinedevelopment . The process involves interplay of forces or factors of production, viz. land, labour and capital. The understanding of economic growth has improved enormously in recent years. There has been a much greater understanding of the interrelated laws governing the growth of population, the pace of capital accumulation, the rate of technological innovation in an environment characterised by relative scarcity of natural newlineresources. The major determinants of Indian economic growth, identified in this study in terms of their influence on productivity of different sectors are physical capital formation, technological progress, human capital formation, increase in labour force, foreign investment and trade openness. newlineThere are some notable features associated with economic growth in India. One, it is found that the structural adjustments leading to foreign capital inflow and trade openness have fuelled the economic growth in India after economic reforms in 1991. Two, it is observed that exports and imports play a significant role in determining economic growth in India in the post reform period. Three, despite the new growth there are issues like imbalances with regard to employment, manufacturing base, social newlineindicators etc., even as India strives to enhance competitiveness, competence and global relevance. newlineIt is in this context that the present study looks into the major issues and challenges related to the changes in the sectoral composition of economic growth in India over time. It also attempts to identify and discuss the influence of key determinants of economic growth in the pre and post reform periods in India. In this context, it is very crucial to study how different sectors influence the overall growth of a country at various points of its growth trajectory. newlineInterestingly, the analysis shows that the services sector growth has become the highlight of India s changing growth pattern in the post reform era. -
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A Study on Labeling Problems in Signed Graphs
A signed graph can be considered as a weighted graph G; that is, edges of G have been given the weights + and and#8722;. We discuss two ways to assign signs to the vertices of a line signed graph of a signed graph, namely S-marking and Canonical marking (C-marking) of L(S). We characterize signed graphs whose line signed graphs are S-cordial or total S-cordial provided the vertices of L(S) receive signs through S-marking. Also, we characterize signed graphs whose line signed graphs are C-cordial or total C-cordial provided the vertices of L(S) receive signs through C-marking. Signed graphs can be eand#64256;ectively used to model relationships and individual preferences toward one another. To represent this scenario we defne a signed graph from a given graph. The colors of the vertices can be used to represent individuals or sets, and the signs on the edges of the graph represent the relationship between them. So, we defne two labelings of a properly colored graph, namely parity labeling of a properly colored graph and product labeling of a properly colored graph. newlineThe parity labeling of a properly colored graph G under and#967;(G) colors is defned by assigning the sign of the edge of G as + if the colors on the adjacent vertices of that edge are both even or both odd, and#8722; otherwise. The obtained signed graph is known as parity colored signed graph of a graph. We characterize signed graphs which admit parity coloring. We also characterized signed graphs whose line signed graphs admit parity coloring. We initiate the study on parity labeling of a properly colored graph and the chromatic rna number of a graph. Also, we defne product labeling of a properly colored graph. The product labeling of a properly colored graph G under and#967;(G) colors is defned by assigning the sign of the edge of G as + if the color of one of the incident vertex of that edge is even, and#8722; otherwise. The obtained signed graph is known as color product signed graph of a graph. We characterize signed graphs which admit color product coloring. -
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A Study on Laptop Brand Preferences in B-Schools
Volume : 2 | Issue : 12 | Dec 2013 • ISSN No 2277 - 8160 -
A STUDY ON LOWER DEG-CENTRIC GRAPHS
The lower deg-centric graph of a simple, connected graph G, denoted by Gld, is a graph constructed from G such that V (Gld) = V (G) and E(Gld) = {vivj: dG(vi, vj) < degG(vi)}. For a connected graph G of order n, the lower deg-centric graph Gld ?=Kn if and only if degG(vi) > eG(vi), for all vi ? V (G). In this paper, the concepts of lower deg-centric graphs and iterated lower deg-centrication of a graph are introduced and discussed. Palestine Polytechnic University-PPU 2025. -
A Study on Machine Learning Techniques for Internet of Things in Societal Applications
Until recent years, monitoring and analysing system inputs, responses were merely based on Sensor Systems. Gradually, Embedded Systems and other Data Resources including Remote Monitoring Units started gaining momentum. But, with advent of Internet of Things (IoT), the outlook and expectations are broadened. IoT introduced incredible volumes of structured and unstructured data of different formats. There is a need to investigate, the underlying concepts of Machine Learning, Internet of Things (IoT) and Embedded Systems. These domains grow and expand its frontiers at a very fast pace. This paper attempts to throw light on possibilities of combining different technological domains, for design and development of Smarter and Context Aware Intelligent Electronics Systems for Societal Utility. Effective implementation and realization of such systems by suitable fusion of essential inter-disciplinary concepts is expected to have considerable potential for societal impact in the years to come. 2019 IEEE. -
A Study on Measures of Central Tendency of Some Distance Parameters of Connected Graphs
This dissertation sets out to examine the implications of various mea- sures of central tendencies of graphs by introducing the unique concept of ?graphs. A ?graph is defined as a simple, finite, connected and undirected graph in which the basic centrality measures: mean, median and mode of eccentricities are equal. It takes a formal approach to the exploration of ?graphs by applying the principles of Graph Theory. Various graphs are looked into to compare the centrality measures, and the possibility of those being ?graphs. Earlier graph theoretical research in notions of centrality, distance and eccentricity are reviewed. It describes the development of a new elicitation tool that examines the effect of measures of central tenden- cies in graphs, by analyzing their eccentricity sequences. Using this new ap- proach the central values of certain graphs are obtained. The concept found would be helpful to develop a more complex interpretation of the notion of centrality measures in graph theory. Keywords: Eccentricity; Eccentricity sequence; Distance; Degree; Cen- trality; Mean; Mode; Median; ?graph; Central value -
A Study on Motivating Factors Determining the Reasons for Entering into Poultry Farming by Farmers with Special Reference to Suguna Broiler Contract Farms in Coimbatore District
The International Journal's Research Journal of Economics & Business Studies, Vol-3 (5), pp. 61-68. ISSN-2251-1555 -
A Study on Music Recognition Technology-Shazam
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol-4 (2), ISSN-2277-128X -
A study on nanoliquid flow with irregular heat source and realistic boundary conditions: A modified Buongiorno model for biomedical applications
Titanium dioxide plays a vital role in cancer therapy methods (including photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy), skincare products, heat exchangers, and car radiators. Therefore, the dynamics of the TiO2 nanomaterial with H2O as basefluid over a nonlinearly stretched surface is investigated. For realistic nanoliquid modeling, the conventional Buongiorno model has been improvised (called modified Buongiorno model [MBM]) by incorporating the effective thermophysical properties of the nanoliquid. Experimentally derived correlations of the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of the nanofluid are utilized. The significance of passive control of nanoparticles is also studied. The heat transfer analysis includes the mechanism of Rosseland heat flux and exponential heat source. Similarity theory is used to obtain nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from the governing partial differential equations which are solved numerically using bvp5c, a finite difference-based routine in MATLAB. Further, the heat transfer rate is statistically scrutinized for the consequence of magnetic field (Formula presented.), thermal radiation (Formula presented.) and exponential heat source (Formula presented.) by employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and sensitivity analysis. The temperature of nanofluid ascends with the exponential heat source, thermal radiation, and thermophoresis aspects. Furthermore, when the MBM is utilised, the thermal field of the nanofluid is greater than when the classic Buongiorno model is used. The rate of heat transfer correlates positively with radiative heat flux. The exponential heat source exhibits a negative sensitivity towards the rate of heat transfer. 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH -
A Study on Near Proper Coloring of Graphs
An equitable coloring of a graph G is a proper vertex coloring in which the number of vertices in any two color classes are equal or almost equal. In this graph coloring, there is a partition of tasks into subsets which perform at the same time. Equitable coloring play an important role when there is a requirement of dividing a system with binary conand#64258;ict free subsystems with equal or newlinenearly equal elements. The non-availability of sufcient number of colors leads to diand#64256;erent defective coloring problems. An equitable near proper coloring of a graph G is an improper coloring in which the vertex set can be partitioned into k color classes V1, V2, . . . , Vk ; (1 lt k lt and#967;e(G)) such that the number of vertices in any two color classes diand#64256;er by at most one and the resulting monochromatic edges are minimised by restricting the number of color classes that can have adjacency among their own elements. The minimum number of monochromatic newlineedges obtained from an equitable near proper coloring of G is called equitable defective number. This study introduces the notion of equitable near proper coloring of a graph G and investigates the equitable defective number for a few graph classes. In this study, the equitable near proper coloring of various graph classes and derived graphs are discussed, and the corresponding equitable newlinedefective number for any k where 2 and#8804; k and#8804; and#967;e(G) and#8722; 1 is obtained. -
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A Study on Nutritional, Biochemical and Pharmacological Property of Punica grantum L.
Biologically active components present in different medicinal plants which protects the human from diseases and allow health benefits. In the present study, the nutritional, biochemical and newlinepharmacological analysis of the different parts of Punica granatum var Bhagwa was done. In the nutritional profiling, dry moisture content was found high in the flower (9.63%) followed by leaf, peel, root, stem and fruit. Ash content was recorded higher in the stem (30%/gm) followed by root, leaf, flower, fruit and peel. Also, the macro and microelements present in different parts of newlineP. granatum var Bhagwa were analyzed. The fruit recorded the highest amount of nitrogen and phosphorus whereas the peel was recorded with more potassium. The phytochemical newlinequantification showed the major content of carbohydrates in the flower (317.96 mg/g) and leaf (315.62 mg/g). The protein in fruit (69 mg/g) and proline in root (19.54 mg/g) were recorded. P. granatum peel was recorded with maximum phenolic and flavonoid content. It showed a high antioxidative response in comparison to other plant parts. This study also aims to explore the use of P. granatum seed oil as a reducing agent for the synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles. These cobalt particles showed a and#955;max at 279.88 nm for UV-visible spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and Dynamic Light Scattering were performed to confirm the nature of these nanoparticles. The pharmacological potential of these cobalt oxide nanoparticles was tested against microbial pathogens. The results suggest that these nanoparticles exhibited significant newlineactivity against various human bacterial and fungal pathogens. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxicity analysis of CoONPs had targeted MCF-7 cancer cells with a significant IC50 value compared to non-cancerous cells (L929). This study concluded that Bhagwa variety of P.