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Examining the Effectiveness of ASHA Workers in Providing Healthcare Services in Rural and Urban Areas of Bengaluru
Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in providing healthcare services in rural and urban areas of Bengaluru. It explores their role efficacy, role clarity, job satisfaction, and social relations while identifying challenges such as workload, financial insecurity, and training deficits that impact their performance. The study provides insights into systemic improvements needed to enhance the efficiency and satisfaction of ASHAs in public healthcare. Study Design/Methodology/Approach: A mixed-method approach was employed, integrating primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from 400 respondents (ASHAs and community members), and 286 valid responses were analyzed (122 rural, 164 urban). Structured questionnaires and focus group discussions captured qualitative and quantitative insights. Secondary data from the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and government reports provided contextual understanding. Data analysis utilized SPSS 27 for quantitative techniques (ANOVA, t-tests) and NVIVO for qualitative analysis. Cronbachs Alpha assessed reliability, ensuring internal consistency in role efficacy, clarity, stress, satisfaction, and social relations constructs. Findings: ASHAs serve as a crucial link between healthcare systems and communities, with rural ASHAs demonstrating strong interpersonal trust but facing infrastructure deficits. Urban ASHAs confront population density, distrust, and increased workload. Role efficacy remains stable across locations, but urban ASHAs show greater autonomy. Training deficits, workload stress, and financial insecurity significantly impact role satisfaction. Rural ASHAs exhibit greater job role confusion, while urban ASHAs report social constraints. Significant differences in stress arise from knowledge gaps and disrupted work-life balance, affecting mental health and efficiency. Enhanced training, financial incentives, and psychosocial support are critical for sustaining ASHAs' contributions. Originality/Value: This study uniquely contrasts urban and rural ASHA experiences, providing policy insights for optimizing ASHA programs in diverse settings. By identifying key stressors and systemic challenges, it offers targeted recommendations to improve training, compensation, and work conditions, ultimately strengthening Indias public health framework. Research Implications: The findings emphasize the need for structured training in digital healthcare, mental health, and non-communicable diseases. Policy enhancements should focus on increased monetary incentives, timely payments, and career advancement pathways. Addressing the rural-urban divide through community engagement programs and improved infrastructure will optimize ASHA workers impact on public health outcomes. 2025, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. All rights reserved. -
Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes Using Quassia india (Gaertn.) Noot. Mediated Nanoparticles
Prognostic research points at the necessity and relevance of revamping polluted newlineenvironments. The toxic effect of textile dyes released into waterbodies can be reduced newlineby the degradation process and alternate methods in nanotechnology are used to lessen newlinethe gravity of the situation. Compared with chemical and physical nanoparticle synthesis, plant extract-based nanoparticle synthesis is an environmentally friendly alternative method. UV-visible spectrum analysis validated the production of nanoparticles (NPs), revealing unique peaks at 430 nm for Quassia indica (QI)- mediated Silver nanoparticles (QI-Ag NPs), 368 nm for QI-mediated Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (QI-Co3O4 NPs), 348 nm for QI-mediated Zinc oxide nanoparticles (QIZnO NPs, 350 nm and 408 nm for QI-mediated Silver/Zinc oxide nanoparticles (QIAg/ZnO NPs), 415 nm and 675 nm for QI-mediated Cobalt oxide/Zinc oxide newlinenanoparticles (QI-Co3O4/ZnO NPs). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) newlineinvestigation identified phytochemicals involved in nanoparticle synthesis. The X- Ray Diffraction (XRD) examination unveiled the crystalline structures of QI-mediated NPs. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) study revealed information on the hydrodynamic newlinediameter and colloidal stability of the NPs, which showed average particle size. Field newlineEmission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray newlineSpectroscopy (EDX) were used to investigate the morphology and elemental composition of NPs. The morphological shapes of QI-Ag NPs were spherical, QI-ZnO NPs showed hexagonal, QI-Co3O4 NPs displayed octahedral, QI-Ag/ZnO NPs exhibited spherical structure, and QI-Co3O4/ZnO NPs unveiled a mixture of octahedral and hexagonal shaped NPs. The High-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) validated the NPs size and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) newlineconfirmed the crystalline characteristics. -
Complete analysis of beam analyzing powers in d + ? ? ? n + p at near threshold energies
Focusing attention on the photon spin in d ( ? ? , n ) p at near threshold energies of interest to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, a complete analysis of beam analyzing powers in d ( ? ? , n ) p reaction is carried out. A complete analysis of the reaction needs not only measurements using one state of linear polarization of photon but also measurements using another state of linear polarization inclined to the first at ?/4 and the two states of circular polarization of the photon. A discussion on the complete characterization of the states of photon polarization is presented. The beam analyzing powers with respect to photon polarization are discussed theoretically, using model independent irreducible tensor formalism. 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Neutron Polarization Observables in d(Formula Presented.)p at Low Energies of Interest to Astrophysics
A model-independent theoretical analysis of neutron polarization observables in (Formula Presented.) using circularly polarized photons at the range of energies of interest to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis is presented. An investigation of various spin dependent observables is carried out including the isoscalar multipole amplitudes M1s and E2s. It is suggested that the measurement of neutron polarization in the final state at near threshold energies will be very useful to assess the contribution of isoscalar amplitudes at range of energies of interest to BigBang Nucleosynthesis. 2022, The Author(s). -
Fermented aquatic weed meal (FAWM) as a protein source in Asian Catfish Clarias batrachus diets: Impacts on growth, blood chemistry profile, liver and gut morphology and economic efficiency
The global aquaculture industry is increasingly seeking sustainable alternatives to fishmeal (FM) due to its high price and shortfall in supply. In this context, fermented aquatic weed meal (FAWM) could emerge as a viable plant protein source for aquafeed. Four isoproteic diets [30 % crude protein (CP)] were formulated, incorporating 50 % total protein from FAWM comprising fermented Azolla diet (D1), Pistia diet (D2), and Eichhornia diet (D3). The control diet (D0) did not contain FAWM. At the end of the 90 days feeding trial, their growth performance, whole-body proximate composition, gut microbial load, haemato-biochemical indices, liver and gut health, and economic efficiency were determined. Fish fed with D0 had significantly (p < 0.05) improved growth performance and feed utilization compared to other treatment groups. Meanwhile, the fish supplemented with D1 diet exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher final weight (g), specific growth rate (%/day), weight gain (%), total biomass (g), and protein efficiency ratio among the FAWM dietary groups. The D1 group also demonstrated the significantly (p < 0.05) highest whole-body CP (64.27 0.40 %) and lower crude lipid (8.24 0.28 %) compared to other test diets. The total bacteria (TB) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the fish gut were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in D1 group. Furthermore, most of the hemato-biochemical indices of fish were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by FAWM inclusions, with few exceptions. The histological findings indicated that amongst the FAWM groups, D1 fish exhibited improved intestinal health. Nonetheless, the gut of the control fish demonstrated substantially (p < 0.05) lower villi width and crypt depth than other treatments. The D1 and D2 diet groups had significantly improved liver health. Moreover, FAWM inclusion enhanced economic efficiency by considerably reducing farm feed cost (US$/kg) and increasing return on investment (%). In summary, dietary inclusion of fermented Azolla pinnata (D1) protein at 50 % in aquafeed promoted feed utilization, growth, health, and farm economics of Asian catfish fingerlings compared to other FAWM diets. 2024 The Authors -
Advancements in Astronaut Health Monitoring Technologies
Astronautics also outlines unique biological and cognitive obstacles that demand advancements in health monitoring and techniques for risk prevention for space travellers. This study investigates the consequences of microgravity, space radiation and persistent confinement on astronaut well-being, focusing on cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, neurological and immune system vulnerability. Cardiovascular ailment, a major concern, is monitored using clinical prediction models (CPMs) that combine traditional risk factors, biomarkers and machine learning techniques. Additionally, AI-powered methods consisting of GPT-based models and time series transformers are required for real-time health monitoring and analytical assessment. Test-based outcomes illustrate that models such as logistic regression, random forest and support vector machines attain high designation accuracy in defining astronauts health hazards from non-astronaut data. Furthermore, wearable medical trackers and space-sourced clinical techniques are detected as an alternative solution for both space missions and terrestrial well-being. The study also highlights the need for perpetual advancements in zero gravity to protect astronauts well-being and enhance medicinal solutions for upcoming space travels. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
RP-HPLC METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF NAFTIFINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN FORMULATED PRODUCTS: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION
Background: Naftifine hydrochloride is an allylamine antifungal agent commonly used to treat dermatophyte infections. It inhibits squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in ergosterol biosynthesis, thereby disrupting the integrity of the fungal cell membrane. It exhibits broad-spectrum activity against dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds, and is typically formulated as a 1% topical cream or gel. Methodology: A rapid and robust reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of naftifine hydrochloride in a topical cream formulation (2% Naftifast, Zydus), in accordance with ICH and FDA guidelines. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Inertsil ODS column using an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 35% acetonitrile, 40% methanol, 25% water, and 0.8% triethylamine (pH adjusted to 5.5 with acetic acid) at a flow rate of 1.4 mL/min. Detection was performed at 265 nm. Results and Discussion: Naftifine hydrochloride showed a retention time of approximately 4.0 minutes with a total run time of 6.0 minutes. The method displayed excellent linearity over a concentration range of 20120 g/mL (R > 0.999). Recovery studies indicated a mean recovery of 100.4%. Precision was confirmed by relative standard deviation (RSD) values of less than 2%, demonstrating the methods reproducibility. Conclusion: The proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, precise, and time-efficient. It is suitable for routine quality control of naftifine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms due to its short analysis time and strong validation performance. 2025 The authors. -
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Simulating, Automating, and Analyzing Business Operations
Business processes have been transformed with the advent of artificial intelligence. However, to efficiently utilize the technology and to close the gap, we reviewed the literature to find these solutions in this work. We ensured that styles worked because they allowed for extensions and replication. In these studies, we correlated patterns that assisted with task automation and helped analysts create, expand, or re-engineer business processes with the confidence to make judgments. The authors used various AI methods, including swarm intelligence, Bayesian networks, and K-means. Our analysis gives data on the approaches and issues being dealt with and indicates potential future directions. Processes for predictive business future planning and activity prediction are examples of monitoring jobs that are becoming less significant as new technologies allow for the intelligent automation of company processes. Deep learning models are used in recent work on this subject to encapsulate historical event information without further processing. The data context, which includes the dependence of conditions and particular traits, might also have an impact on the anticipated data, even though it was not taken into account in earlier research. We present a novel encoding strategy for state data, encompassing non-existent, multi-character private, and regular event states. We present the transformer and LSTM deep learning models, two new deep learning models, and two popular deep learning models. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
1-Edge contraction: Total vertex stress and confluence number
This paper introduces certain relations between 1-edge contraction and the total vertex stress and the confluence number of a graph. A main result states that if a graph G with ?(G) = k ? 2 has an edge vivj and a ?-set CG such that vi, vj ? CG then, ?(G/vivj) = k ? 1. In general, either S(G/ei) ? S(G/ej) or S(G/ej) ? S(G/ei) is true. This observation leads to an investigation into the question: for which edge(s) ei will S(G/ei) = max{S(G/ej): ej ? E(G)} and for which edge(s) will S(G/ej) = min{S(G/e`): e` ? E(G)}? 2024 Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. -
Total induced vertex stress in barbell-like graphs
This paper introduces new parameters called induced vertex stress and total induced vertex stress in G, respectively. For graphs G and H, aspects of the maximum and minimum total induced vertex stress that can be obtained by 1-edge addition and 2-vertex merging are discussed. 2021 Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society. All rights reserved. -
A Cooperative Global Sequencing Algorithm for Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks
Data gathering is a very fundamental use for wireless sensor networks. The area to be monitored has sensor units distributed. They can tell how much demand there is. Temperature, pressure, humidity, sun rays, and other factors could be involved. The detected data is sent to a centralized device called a sink or just a base station. Networks are frequently distributed in character, meaning that more than one kind of instrument is placed in a particular area. There is only one kind of component in uniform networks. A tree is created and anchored at the sink after the nodes have been distributed. In distributed networks, flawless aggregation is challenging to accomplish. In contrast to uniform networks, nodes may receive and transmit multiple types of packets. Every message should be forwarded by the node to a parent so that it can be combined in order to increase the likelihood of aggregation. As a result, a node might need to choose more than one progenitor. This implies that various parameters should be taken into account while forming trees. We have improved the literature's suggested combined distributed scheduling and tree generation for distributed networks. We discover that the expanded method maximizes aggregation, schedules the network with fewer time slots, and uses less energy. Additionally, it is discovered that distributed networks require more management costs to schedule than uniform networks do. 2023 IEEE. -
A rapid investigation of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent switch-on probes for detection and in cellulo tracking of G-quadruplex and double-stranded DNA
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in Near Infrared (NIR) fluorescence switch-on probes designed for the detection and in cellulo tracking of G-quadruplex and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). G-quadruplexes, non-canonical DNA structures, play pivotal roles in regulating various biological processes, making them critical targets for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The unique properties of NIR fluorescence probes, such as deep tissue penetration, minimal photodamage, and low autofluorescence background, offer significant advantages for bioimaging. We critically analyze the design strategies, photophysical properties, and binding mechanisms of various NIR fluorescence switch-on probes. Additionally, we discuss their efficacy and specificity in identifying G-quadruplexes and dsDNA within cellular environments. Key challenges and future directions for improving the sensitivity, selectivity, and biocompatibility of these probes are also highlighted. This review aims to underscore the potential of NIR fluorescence probes in advancing our understanding of DNA dynamics and their applications in biomedical research. 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Bimodal sensor employing a novel approach for simultaneous selective detection of Ni2+ and biomolecules via turn-on fluorescence supported by DFT and molecular docking
A bimodal sensor, (E)-2-(4-(diphenylamino)styryl)-1-methylquinolin-1-ium (DSM), was designed and synthesized for the simultaneous fluorescence turn-on detection of Ni2+ ion and biomolecules such as ct-DNA, BSA, and ovalbumin. Due to its distinct size and steric properties, DSM exhibits different binding modes when interacting with Ni2+ and DNA/proteins. The probe DSM possesses dual functionalities, allowing it to selectively detect Ni2+ at one binding site while interacting with ct-DNA, BSA, and ovalbumin at another. Thus, interactions of DSM with Ni2+ result in fluorescence enhancement at 377 nm and 400 nm, with a detection limit of 1.53 ?M and binding constant of 1.2 106 M?1. Moreover, the binding of DSM with Ni2+ has been demonstrated via UV-vis, mass spectra, Jobs plots and DFT analysis. Conversely, binding of DSM with ct-DNA, ovalbumin and BSA led to an increase in the fluorescence at 425 nm and 435 nm, respectively, with the detection limit at micromolar (ct-DNA) and nanomolar (BSA and ovalbumin) levels. These interactions have been validated through UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence studies, and molecular docking analysis. Thus, this study underscores the potential of DSM as a versatile tool for simultaneous detection of both metal ions and biomolecules with a unique bimodal approach. 2025 RSC. -
Integrated 3D-Printed Detector for Rapid Near-IR Turn-On Colorimetric and Fluorescent Detection of Phosgene
Phosgene is a widely used yet highly hazardous compound that poses serious risks to human health and public safety due to its potential for misuse and accidental release. Therefore, developing an accurate and highly sensitive detection method is of critical importance. In this work, we have synthesized a sulfo-cyanine-based dye (CyNH) for the selective rapid detection (<1 min) of phosgene by Near-IR turn-on colorimetric and fluorescence responses. Notably, CyNH exhibited a 3-fold fluorescence enhancement at 756 nm accompanied by a distinct color change from light blue to dark blue by the appearance of strong absorption signal at 600 nm, with a detection limit of 1.17 ?M. To enable on-site detection, a 3D-printed sensor of the CyNH-coated 3D-printed substrate was developed, which shows visible color changes upon exposure to phosgene. Furthermore, integration of this sensor with a smartphone camera and its processing capabilities allows for real-time quantification of phosgene concentrations by eliminating the need for costly analytical instruments. To the best of our knowledge, the development of an NIR probe enabling dual colorimetric and fluorescent NIR detection of phosgene using a 3D-printed sensor is scarcely reported. This innovative 3D-printed, smartphone-assisted sensing platform offers a practical and sustainable approach for future phosgene detection applications in various fields. 2026 American Chemical Society -
Is Hedonism present in the purchase of academic books? an empirical analysis in online and traditional purchase methods.
Vol. 1 Issue V, December, ISSN: 2321-9653 -
Riding the waves of culture: An empirical study on acclimatization of expatriates in IT industry
The forces of globalization and subsequent trade across the borders have necessitated the firms to have their presence across the globe to meet the needs of their customers. The employees or expatriates will be sent on assignment to different countries for a period of time ranging from few weeks, months to years. This sudden exposure to the different environment not only makes these expatriates vulnerable to cultural shocks, but also may significantly affect their job performance. Their failure to acclimatize to the foreign conditions will not only hurt the confidence, career and life of the expatriate, but it will also cost a lot to the company. The present paper aims to understand of the process of expatriate adjustment in the Indian Information Technology (IT) industry by examining demographic variables and few organizational variables of expatriate's adjustment process. A structured questionnaire was distributed to the expatriate employees working in 50 IT companies in the Silicon city, Bengaluru. The study uses Chi-square test and linear regression for testing the hypotheses and found that there is a significant influence of demographic variables like gender, work experience and length of assignment on acclimatization of expatriates to their host country culture. The findings of the study proved that there is a significant relationship between demographic variables and the cultural acceptance of the expatriates. Hence, it is suggested that multinational companies should create an enabling environment within the organizations to make international assignees compatible and comfortable with different cultural values and inculcate cultural acceptance to make them successful in their international assignments. Raghavendra A. N., A. Shivakanth Shetty, 2018. -
Brand activism and millennials: an empirical investigation into the perception of millennials towards brand activism /
Problems And Prespectives In Management, Vol.17, Issue 4, pp.163-175, ISSN No: 1727-7051.
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Mechanical Properties and Analysis of Two-body Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Graphene Modified Carbon/Epoxy Composites Using Taguchis Technique
The present work emphasizes the effect of graphene nanoplatelets (G) filler loading on mechanical and abrasive wear behavior of carbon fibre reinforced epoxy (C/E) composites. Graphene nanoplatelets were mixed with epoxy framework using a temperature-controlled magnetic stirrer and then ultrasonically treated. The parameters considered for the abrasive wear study are the applied load in N (5, 10 and 15), abrading distance in m (75, 150, and 225) and weight percentage of reinforcement (0, 1, and 1.5). The incorporation of 1 wt. % G into C/E composites increases hardness by 14 % and interlaminar laminar strength by 19 % when compared to C/E composites. According to the Taguchi design of tests, a filler loading of 1 wt. % G, an abrading distance of 225 m, and an applied load of 15 N are ideal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to establish the dominant parameter, and the filler loading with abrading distance was shown to be significant. With 36.4 %, the filler loading had the biggest influence on the composite specific wear rate. The combination of filler loading with 1 wt. %, load of 15 N, and abrading distance of 225 m yields the lowest specific wear rate. The involved wear mechanisms during the abrasive wear process have also been explained with scanning electron micrographs. 2024 Published by Faculty of Engineering. -
From Beans to Business: A Rise of Coffee Preneurs in Kodagu, Karnataka
Coffee is the world's third most consumed beverage after water and tea. India stands at the 7th position as the largest coffee exporter globally, with a significant contribution of 72.5% from Karnataka and 33% from Kodagu alone. This region plays a crucial role in the country's coffee industry, making it a vital component of India's economy, and 80% of the residents of Kodagu rely on coffee cultivation for their livelihood. Coffee farming is considered an annual crop that requires the generated income to be cycled to the subsequent year's coffee cultivation. Planters face numerous challenges during their production, which forces them to sell or convert their agricultural lands into concrete lands (buildings) or convert them into resorts, thereby changing their occupation, which makes coffee sustainability questionable. Therefore, coffee farmers have recently adopted an entrepreneurial approach to augment their income sources and support their livelihoods and occupations. This study aims to assess the key drivers of coffee farmers opting for entrepreneurial activities to assist coffee farming in Kodagu, Karnataka. This study has revealed that additional income, passion for farming, business skills, available resources, opportunity, satisfaction, innovation, creativity, unfair market prices, education, and socialising platforms are the key determining factors for coffee farmers to choose entrepreneurship. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
From Beans to Business: A Rise of Coffee Preneurs in Kodagu, Karnataka
Coffee is the world's third most consumed beverage after water and tea. India stands at the 7th position as the largest coffee exporter globally, with a significant contribution of 72.5% from Karnataka and 33% from Kodagu alone. This region plays a crucial role in the country's coffee industry, making it a vital component of India's economy, and 80% of the residents of Kodagu rely on coffee cultivation for their livelihood. Coffee farming is considered an annual crop that requires the generated income to be cycled to the subsequent year's coffee cultivation. Planters face numerous challenges during their production, which forces them to sell or convert their agricultural lands into concrete lands (buildings) or convert them into resorts, thereby changing their occupation, which makes coffee sustainability questionable. Therefore, coffee farmers have recently adopted an entrepreneurial approach to augment their income sources and support their livelihoods and occupations. This study aims to assess the key drivers of coffee farmers opting for entrepreneurial activities to assist coffee farming in Kodagu, Karnataka. This study has revealed that additional income, passion for farming, business skills, available resources, opportunity, satisfaction, innovation, creativity, unfair market prices, education, and socialising platforms are the key determining factors for coffee farmers to choose entrepreneurship. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.