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The Impact of Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Renal and Hepatic Function Parameters in Saudi Arabia, A Case-Control Study
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common gastric pathogen that is linked to peptic ulcers, gastric cancer and systemic disorders. There is emerging evidence of an association between infection with H. pylori and chronic kidney disease and non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, and possible renal and hepatic involvement. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between H. pylori and kidney and liver function changes in Saudi Arabian people. Blood samples were collected from 82 participants divided into two groups, namely H. pylori-infected and non-infected. Biochemical analyses were done to determine kidney (creatinine, urea, sodium and potassium) and liver function (ALT, AST, ALP, total protein and albumin). A total of 82 participants were included in the study, of whom 42 (51.2%) tested positive for Helicobacter pylori infection, while 40 (48.8%) were non-infected and served as the control group. Liver enzyme levels (ALP (64.00), AST (21.40), ALT (21.26) and GGT (20.78)) were normal and did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). Regression analysis showed a significant relationship between H. pylori infection and high creatinine (OR = 6.38, p = 0.018). Borderline correlations were found for GGT (OR = 1.179, p = 0.092), uric acid (OR = 2.661, p = 0.061), and the electrolytes and lipid profiles showed no significant variation. H. pylori infection was significantly related to elevated creatinine levels, and may be affecting renal function. Most liver and electrolyte parameters were not affected. Further studies with larger cohorts are required in order to confirm these findings. Oriental Scientific Publishing Company 2026. -
The Impact of Government Initiatives on Sustainable Business Practices
This paper examines the evolving role of government initiatives in fostering sustainable business practices, with a focus on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a critical tool for aligning economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability. By analyzing the historical evolution of CSR and its current framework in India, including its mandatory implementation under the Companies Act, 2013, this study highlights the multidimensional aspects of CSR: environmental, ethical, philanthropic, and economic responsibilities. It also explores the strategic integration of CSR to meet stakeholder expectations, enhance competitiveness, and mitigate risks, illustrating its potential as a driver for sustainable development. The research further addresses mechanisms for legal compliance, inspection, and enforcement, offering insights into the challenges and opportunities for businesses in adhering to CSR norms while contributing to broader societal goals. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
The Impact of Flexible Work Policies on Employee Well-Being and Retention in Modern Organizations
Flexible work policies have become foundational to contemporary organizational strategy, particularly in light of the transformative shifts triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter investigates the multifaceted impact of such policies on employee well-being and organizational retention. Drawing from an integrative lens, it incorporates four major theoretical frameworksJob Demands-Resources (JD-R), Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Conservation of Resources (COR), and Social Exchange Theory (SET)to provide a comprehensive understanding of how flexible work arrangements influence employee engagement, satisfaction, and organizational loyalty. In addition to synthesizing existing scholarship, this chapter contributes a novel cross-t heoretical model that bridges motivational psychology and organizational behavior. It also proposes a suite of policy evaluation tools that blend qualitative and quantitative metrics, enabling organizations to monitor and. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The Impact of Fintech and Financial Inclusion on SMEs Growth and Development
[No abstract available] -
The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Social and Political Empowerment: Mediating Role of Economic Empowerment
The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of financial inclusion on womens social and political empowerment through the mediation of economic empowerment. A multidimensional index is created, using methodology by UNDP, to measure financial inclusion. Womens empowerment is measured through economic, social, and political dimensions. The datacollected from 545 women in slums through a structured schedule on a 5-point Likert scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to measure the construct. Multivariate statistical techniques such as regression were used to test the relationship between financial inclusion and women empowerment. The findings underscore a discernibly modest representation of women attaining high financial inclusion in slum settings. It is essential to recognise the pivotal role of economic empowerment as a partial mediator within the intricate interplay linking financial inclusion to social and political empowerment.This investigation is grounded in an examination of urban slums but has the potential for broader applicability, encompassing rural regions and locales proximate to financial centers within metropolitan areas to formulate a comprehensive framework for the empowerment of women. The findings underscore the impact of socio-economic and politico-economic factors on the incorporation of marginalized communities into the formal financial system. The current investigation results have implications for policymakers in developing countries that can serve as a valuable resource to enhance womens participation in the formal financial system. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
The impact of feedback mechanisms on RayleighBard penetrative convection in micro-polar fluids
This study examines the effects of feedback control and internal heat sources on the onset criterion of RayleighBard convection (RBC) in a horizontal Boussinesq micropolar fluid layer. A linear stability analysis, employing the Chebyshev pseudospectral method, is conducted to compute the eigenvalues and assess the stability of the system under varying conditions. The analysis considers several parameters, including heat conduction, coupling, couple stress, scalar controller gain, and internal heat sources. The findings reveal that the introduction of internal heat sources destabilizes the system, while the scalar controller gain significantly delays the onset of convection, thereby enhancing system stability. Additionally, it is demonstrated that an increase in both the coupling and heat conduction parameters contributes positively to system stabilization, whereas an increase in the couple stress parameter hastens the onset of convection. Notably, the investigation indicates that the system demonstrates greater stability when the boundary is heated from above as opposed to from below. These results provide crucial insights for the control of heat transfer in micropolar fluids and suggest that optimizing the scalar controller gain, along with careful tuning of other system parameters, can significantly enhance stability. The implications of this research are substantial for the design of efficient fluid dynamical systems, particularly in scenarios requiring precise control over temperature, pressure, and flow, such as those encountered in chemical processing, power generation, and manufacturing. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
The impact of excess CSR expenditure on firm value anddividend payout in India: ananalysis using firm age andsize dynamics
Purpose: The paper looks at the impact of excess amount of CSR expenditure (CSRE) in relation to mandatory CSRE in an Indian context on dividend payout (DP) and firm value (FV) where CSRE is mandatory, as well as how this relationship varies between firms based on their age and size. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of the 657 companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) from 201415 to 202021 is used in the study, for which spending on CSR was mandatory. A two-step generalised method of the moment is employed to examine the relationship between the variables of interest. Findings: The results show that excess CSREs neither increase the firms valuation nor benefit shareholders' economic benefits, i.e. dividend distribution. However, a deeper analysis reveals that excess CSRE is positively associated with FV in the case of smaller firms and also positively corresponds with DP in the case of younger firms. Originality/value: The present study explicitly considers the excess CSR spending beyond the mandated requirements. It investigates whether such spending contributes to firms improving their valuation and explores its connection to DPs. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2024-0136 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
The impact of excess CSR expenditure on firm value anddividend payout in India: ananalysis using firm age andsize dynamics
Purpose: The paper looks at the impact of excess amount of CSR expenditure (CSRE) in relation to mandatory CSRE in an Indian context on dividend payout (DP) and firm value (FV) where CSRE is mandatory, as well as how this relationship varies between firms based on their age and size. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of the 657 companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) from 201415 to 202021 is used in the study, for which spending on CSR was mandatory. A two-step generalised method of the moment is employed to examine the relationship between the variables of interest. Findings: The results show that excess CSREs neither increase the firms valuation nor benefit shareholders' economic benefits, i.e. dividend distribution. However, a deeper analysis reveals that excess CSRE is positively associated with FV in the case of smaller firms and also positively corresponds with DP in the case of younger firms. Originality/value: The present study explicitly considers the excess CSR spending beyond the mandated requirements. It investigates whether such spending contributes to firms improving their valuation and explores its connection to DPs. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2024-0136. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
The impact of ESG inclusion on price, liquidity and financial performance of Indian stocks: Evidence from stocks listed in BSE and NSE ESG indices
In recent years, investors have perceived that Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices significantly increase the value of companies' stocks. This study investigates the impact of ESG inclusion on the price, liquidity and financial performance of stocks listed in the Indian ESG indices. Two major Indian benchmark ESG Indices, the BSE100 ESG and Nifty 100 ESG, were considered for the study. A total sample of 64 firms from the BSE100 ESG index and 86 firms from the Nifty100 ESG index were selected. The market model of the event study methodology was employed to measure AAR and CAAR and to demonstrate the effect before and after the inclusion of the stocks in the ESG indices. The empirical results show a highly significant negative AAR on the announcement day, i.e., on (day = 0) for BSE100 ESG index stocks and an insignificant positive AAR for Nifty100 ESG index stocks. In addition, the results also document a significant negative CAAR for BSE 100 ESG stocks and a positive insignificant CAAR for Nifty100 ESG stocks. Moreover, the liquidity test results revealed a considerable liquidity enhancement in the stocks posts their inclusion in the BSE100 ESG. At the same time, there were no significant changes in the liquidity ratio of stocks after being included in the Nifty100 ESG index. This study concludes that there will be a substantial improvement in the companies' financial performance as indicated by EPS and market capitalization after their inclusion in the ESG indices. Suresha B., Srinidhi V. R., Dippi Verma, Manu K. S., Krishna T. A., 2022. -
The Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Objectives Effect on Investment Decisions: Retail Investors Knowledge and Views on Sector-Specific ESG Factors
Following the global financial crisis, Environmental, Social, and Governance discretion in stock market investment decisions has become necessary for sustainable development. Environmental, Social, and Governance consider investing qualities such as accountability, risk minimization, and long-term return. This study investigates how individual stock market investors perceive and are aware of Environmental, Social, and Governance concerns, as well as how the purpose of an investment influences how judgments are made regarding it. The studys sequential mixed research methodology begins with an interview and progresses to a cluster and snowball sampling procedure for a survey of stock market investors. The studys findings show how the Environmental, Social, and Governance factor moderates investment decisions, with implications for managers, investors, and regulators. Investors will be assured a long-term return on investment as well as accountability to the environment, society, and economic equilibrium, which could lead to sustainable development. It is also recommended that future research be performed in various states and countries with diverse causes and conceptions. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
The Impact of Environmental Attributes on Purchase Intention Towards Sustainable Housing
The increasing environmental issues have remoulded consumer behaviour, forcing a shift towards sustainable consumption in the real estate sector. Prior research has focused more on demographic factors and environmental awareness as the main factors for eco-friendly purchases. However, there still exist gaps in acknowledging how certain specific environmental attributes impact purchase intention and, more specifically, the mediating role of consumer attitude towards behaviour concerning real estate sector. This current study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior framework to examine the influence of environmental attributes on purchase intentions for sustainable housing. The analysis has been performed using IBM SPSS Statistic Version 30 and JMP software. The findings show a significant impact of environmental attributes on purchase intention, and the mediation effect of attitude towards behaviour also leaves a significant impact between environmental attributes and purchase intention. These findings will also help contribute to the literature on sustainable housing by linking environmental attributes with consumer behavioural theory. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
The impact of entrepreneurship on the resilience of remote rural communities: Transforming challenges into opportunities
Entrepreneurship has a long history associated with economic development, innovation, and social transformation. Its value is more heightened in remote rural communities where some traditional economic sectors like agriculture, forestry, or fishing are primarily practiced but insufficient to ensure continued sustainable development in such areas. This chapter discusses how entrepreneurship is very crucial in ensuring the resilience of remote rural areas. It utilizes a comprehensive review of academic literature, journals, and research papers. Entrepreneurship is a crucial motor for strengthening the resilience of remote rural populations. Through the stimulation of economic stability, the creation of social cohesion, and the fostering of adaptive capacity, it provides an entry road to sustainable development. However, there is a strong need to resolve the unique problems that rural entrepreneurs face and have an ecosystem to foster innovation and growth. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
The Impact of Economically Weaker Section Reservation in India: A Study on the Syro Malabar Community in Kerala, India
India is renowned for its multifaceted unity amid diversity, which proves the harmonious fusion of different communities. This harmony is rooted in the Indian Constitution by ensuring social justice to all citizens regardless of their individual differences and unique characteristics. It is crafted with empathy and foresight to benefit the most disadvantaged sections of society. It includes provisions for reservation programs under Articles 15 and 16 to combat discrimination and promote inclusiveness in the present Indian societal scenario. The 103rd amendment to the Indian constitution expanded the concept of backwardness to include more marginalized and disadvantaged sections of society. It reflects the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDG 10) in India to reduce inequalities. The amendment introduced a 10% reservation in government employment and education for the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) ensuring equitable development of all the sections of society. The study examines the impacts of the economically weaker sections (EWS) reservation in India by analyzing data collected from the Syro Malabar Community in Kerala, India. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
The Impact of Economically Weaker Section Reservation in India: A Study on the Syro Malabar Community in Kerala, India
India is renowned for its multifaceted unity amid diversity, which proves the harmonious fusion of different communities. This harmony is rooted in the Indian Constitution by ensuring social justice to all citizens regardless of their individual differences and unique characteristics. It is crafted with empathy and foresight to benefit the most disadvantaged sections of society. It includes provisions for reservation programs under Articles 15 and 16 to combat discrimination and promote inclusiveness in the present Indian societal scenario. The 103rd amendment to the Indian constitution expanded the concept of backwardness to include more marginalized and disadvantaged sections of society. It reflects the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDG 10) in India to reduce inequalities. The amendment introduced a 10% reservation in government employment and education for the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) ensuring equitable development of all the sections of society. The study examines the impacts of the economically weaker sections (EWS) reservation in India by analyzing data collected from the Syro Malabar Community in Kerala, India. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
The impact of eco-innovation ongreen buying behaviour: the moderating effect of emotional loyalty and generation
Purpose: This study intends to contribute to the literature of eco-innovation by examining the pro-environmental intentions and behaviour among consumers through their understanding of eco-innovation. Thus, the relationship among eco-innovation, general pro-social attitude, generativity, environmental concern, purchasing intentions and buying environmentally friendly products and the differences of the relationship between high and low emotional loyalty and Generation Y and Z were investigated via structural equation modelling (SEM). Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected through an online questionnaire directed to Indian consumers, and analysis was done through partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) in two stages, i.e. measurement model and structural model. Findings: Results confirm the relationships established in the proposed model, and some differences were found between the levels of emotional loyalty and the Generations Y and Z. The research shows that individualistic norms and perceived marketplace influence play a purposeful role in transforming environmental concerns into buying behaviour towards eco-innovation-driven products. Practical implications: From a policy and management perspective, the results not only imply the importance of continuous performance and environmental improvement but also those policies hindering diffusion and adoption need to be addressed. Green buying is an elusive task but can be opportunely attained by marketers by adding elements of eco-innovations and understanding mindsets of consumers to create winwin situations for themselves and consumers. Originality/value: The results reinforced that emotional loyalty and Generations Y and Z vitally impact consumers' green buying decision within the framework of eco-innovation and cognitive factors. 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
The Impact of Digital Marketing Strategies on Customer Attitude and Purchase Intention Towards Electronic Gadgets: A Study on Indian Students
A portion of a companys long-term strategy should be devoted to digital marketing transformation. It is a challenging task to select the effective marketing strategy when conducting business in modern digital world. This study seeks to elucidate the influences of digital marketing strategy forms on customer attitude and purchase intention of students towards electronic gadgets. The relationship between four digital marketing strategies such as search engine advertising, social media, content marketing and email marketing towards customer attitudes and purchase intention was investigated in accordance with hypotheses, 225 students from Bangalore city, India, who had experience in online purchase of electronic gadgets comprised as a research sample. The relationship among the selected variables are tested with help of Correlation, ANOVA and regression analysis. The study conclude that there is an impact of various forms of digital marketing strategies on customers attitude and the purchase intention of young (Students) customer. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
The Impact of Digital Marketing Strategies on Customer Attitude and Purchase Intention Towards Electronic Gadgets: A Study on Indian Students
A portion of a companys long-term strategy should be devoted to digital marketing transformation. It is a challenging task to select the effective marketing strategy when conducting business in modern digital world. This study seeks to elucidate the influences of digital marketing strategy forms on customer attitude and purchase intention of students towards electronic gadgets. The relationship between four digital marketing strategies such as search engine advertising, social media, content marketing and email marketing towards customer attitudes and purchase intention was investigated in accordance with hypotheses, 225 students from Bangalore city, India, who had experience in online purchase of electronic gadgets comprised as a research sample. The relationship among the selected variables are tested with help of Correlation, ANOVA and regression analysis. The study conclude that there is an impact of various forms of digital marketing strategies on customers attitude and the purchase intention of young (Students) customer. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
The Impact of Cryptocurrency Trading on Economic Growth in GCC Countries: An Empirical Analysis
This study explores the impact of cryptocurrency trading on economic growth in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 2016 to 2019, with GDP as the measure of economic growth. The analysis reveals a substantial positive relationship between cryptocurrency trading volume and GDP using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) regression techniques. The analysis underscores the role of increased cryptocurrency market activity in fostering economic growth and advancing the GCC economies integration into global financial frameworks. This highlights the transformative potential of cryptocurrencies as a driver of economic progress within the region. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
The impact of Covid-19 on the capital structure in emerging economies: evidence from India
Purpose: Capital structure is an important corporate financing decision, particularly for companies in emerging economies. This paper attempts to understand whether the pandemic had any significant impact on the capital structure of companies in emerging economies. India being a prominent emerging economy is an ideal candidate for the analysis. Design/methodology/approach: The study utilizes three leverage ratios in an extended market index, BSE500, for the period 20152021. The ratios considered are short-term leverage ratio (STLR), long-term leverage ratio (LTLR) and total leverage ratio (TLR). A dummy variable differentiates the pre-epidemic (20152019) and pandemic (20202021) period. Control variables are used to represent firm characteristics such as growth, tangibility, profit, size and liquidity. Dynamic panel data regression is employed to address endogeneity. Findings: The findings point out that Covid-19 has had a significant, negative effect on LTLR, while the impact on STLR and TLR was insignificant. The findings indicate that companies based in a culturally risk-averse environment, such as India, would reduce the long-term debt to avoid bankruptcy in times of uncertainty. Research limitations/implications: The study covers the impact of the pandemic on Indian companies. Hence, generalization of the findings to global context might not be valid. Practical implications: To maintain economic growth in the post-crisis period, Indian policymakers should ensure accessibility to low-cost capital. The findings provide impetus to deepen the insignificant corporate bond market in India for future economic revival. Originality/value: Developing countries are struggling to revive the economies postpandemic. This is particularly true for Asian economies which are heavily reliant on banks for survival. This research finds evidence to utilize bond market as a source of raising capital for economic revival. 2022, Nisha Prakash, Aditya Maheshwari and Aparna Hawaldar. -
The impact of Covid-19 on global upstream and downstream supply chain management activities
COVID-19 pandemic has affected thousands of people worldwide; with significant economic changes in the past and to the changes to be made for future. Many organisations especially; The Intergovernmental economic organisation (OECD - The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) warned the companies and industries on the global economic cut, the corona virus will be boarding. The global economy and international markets pitched down with the spread of corona virus spreading from China which is the world's second largest economy to other countries including Asia; Europe; Australia; Europe; America and the Middle East. Many economies came up with many policies to prevent the further spread of this virus; including restrictions on travel and quarantines; which has disrupted international supply chains affecting a lot of business operations and dwindle revenues. About 75 percent of business including Wholesale; Manufacturing; Retail and Services in China and about 51,000 companies have this impact at a global level according to data from Dun and Bradstreet. The success or failure of every Business depends on how well they manage their supply chain management activities. The impact of corona virus on supply chain activities is twofold. One is; Upstream Supply chain management where companies should monitor the backward integrated activities in procuring the inventory; which has accommodated a loss in the production because of closure of factories and a slowdown in the economy. Second is; Downstream Supply chain management where the intermediaries and middlemen face a lot of problems because of scarcity in inventory and many quarantine measures taken by many economies. Many disruptions in both Upstream and Downstream Supply chains lead to severe scarcity of inventory which was experienced globally by all the economies. This situation has made many economies to think of the inter connectivity and inter dependency among global nations in terms of supply chain. This article is aimed to highlight the effects and changes COVID-19 pandemic has brought in the supply chain industry from both Upstream and Downstream perspective. 2022 Author(s).