Browse Items (11855 total)
Sort by:
-
Sustainability Indicators and Ten Smart Cities Review
The motivation of smart cities is to improve the standard of living of citizens and enhance the use of technology in sustainable city services. A city's sustainability can be measured using various sets of smart indicators. This study will analyse urban sustainability indicators as a research problem for ten smart cities. The review of smart cities will focus on the Internet of things (IoT), Mobile devices, and Artificial intelligence technologies (Sensors in street lights, smart homes) that help our citizens transform from rural to urban areas towards sustainability. This research uses a qualitative framework for the taxonomy of the literature for the terms 'smart city' and 'sustainability' Further, the characteristics, critical technology, and IOT application for mobility are elaborated upon. Finally, we discuss ten smart city review proposals reports, based on their sustainability indicators around the world. Concluding and Future studies could focus on using sustainable indicators for developing smart cities in India. 2023 IEEE. -
Sustainability In The Built Environment: Are We Doing Enough?
Sustainability is one of the key requirements for any business; however, there exist gaps in recognizing and aligning these sustainable practices with everyday operational activities. With this in mind, this study aims to explore the current awareness level in business leaders and stakeholders about corporate responsibility towards sustainability and reflects on the obstacles encountered by them in diverse built environments, laying the groundwork for addressing these hurdles and contributing towards the overall sustainable development. The study uses a thematic approach to analyzing data with the help of NVIVO12 software. The major findings include Energy Auditing process - not carried out frequently; both sustainability and profitability go hand in hand; absence of technology such as AI and Sensor technology has contributed to the built environment's energy performance gap; there is a knowledge gap that exists among business leaders in understanding the concept of sustainable development. The Electrochemical Society -
Sustainability in hospitality: The pathway to destination well-being in the "City of Lakes" Udaipur
With the rising popularity and a surge in demand for the "City of Lakes" Udaipur, the lake ecosystem has become vulnerable to various anthropogenic activities and pollution. The restricted structure of hotels on the lakefront faces various challenges in maintaining environmental regulations. This chapter explores hotels on the lakeside in Udaipur, which includes heritage hotels and modern accommodations, and their sustainability practices, such as energy efficiency, waste management, water conservation, and eco-design in hospitality architecture. Best practices in Udaipur's hospitality industry are explored through observation, document analysis, and interviews. The chapter establishes how circular economy builds environmental quality while regenerating resources. The implications of the study indicate a transformation of tourism governance in Udaipur by local authorities and academicians, which indeed can contribute to achieving a destination's well-being by addressing the challenges posed by the thriving tourism economy. 2024, IGI Global. -
Sustainability disclosure and green finance: Driving the transition towards a sustainable future
In recent times, policymakers and scholars have directed their attention toward the notion of sustainability and green finance, coinciding with the growing global emphasis on environmental protection, climate change mitigation, and sustainable development. The integration of sustainability and green finance practices has emerged as a crucial strategy to address climate change, advance sustainable development goals issues, and build a resilient global economy in the face of pressing environmental challenges. The adoption of green finance and sustainability practices is no longer limited to developed economies. Many developing and under-developed countries are also taking a proactive approach to develop and implement a roadmap and framework for incorporating sustainability. In this chapter, the authors explore the notion of green finance, its crucial role in advancing sustainability, and the substantial consequences it can bring about for diverse businesses and stakeholders. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Sustainability Concepts in the Design of Tall Structures
Construction industry is a rapid growing industry with various new technologies coming into practice. Sustainability concept is also a call for the present generation as many natural resources are getting exhausted. Thus the new era of development of Tall Structures with respect to Sustainability concept is being studied by concentrating on the Structural systems that can be adopted for construction of the same. In the present study we have considered two different 3D RC frame structural systems i.e., normal Beam-Column structural system and Outrigger structural system. The following two systems were modelled in ETABS 15.2 software in seismic zone V with three different heights that is 150m (50 storeys), 240m (80 storeys) and 300m (100 storeys). Response spectrum analysis is carried out considering Earthquake forces and the results are tabulated for maximum storey displacement and maximum storey drift. Then finally the structural system which is sustainable in construction of Tall structures is identified. 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Sustainability and Social Responsibility in Marketing
Social trading companies must adhere to the concept of social responsibility by engaging in activities that provide benefits to society. Social responsibility in marketing is through providing products and services that help the community environmentally, socially, and economically. Several literatures have discussed the role of social responsibility in customer intentions toward social trading channels. Discussing and describing the role of social responsibility in marketing is an important issue that needs to be investigated. This chapter describes the role of social responsibility in marketing activities. Promotions that raise awareness of societal issues and problems, recyclable packaging, and direct portions of profits toward charitable efforts are critical factors that will be described in this chapter as well. The majority of business companies, however, are still unable to fulfill the finest CSR principles in their marketing activities. Therefore, the focus of this chapter is on the requirements for CSR as well as the deficiencies in corporate organizations marketing operations. Considering the important of social media for communicating CSR is address at the point, where corporations use social media effectively for delivering their CSR goals and initiatives. This chapter is followed by two main questions: how can corporate social responsibility be delivered in marketing? And why do we need to study CSR?. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Sustainability and green nanomaterials on nanotechnology-based sensors
Nanobiosensors multipurpose efficacy in various domains as next-generation device has set a revolutionary impact on the scientific technology. Green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have enhanced the properties of these nanobiosensors in commendable ways with remarked growth. The unique properties of NPs like optical, magnetic, electrochemical, physiochemical, mechanical, and good conductivity make them highly reliable and sensitive for conventional approaches to check minute concentrations. Quantum dots, nanotubes, and magnetic nanowires provide a novel signal transduction mechanism that helps to detect low level of pesticides, food contaminants, toxins, and metabolites. Various microbes have been documented for NPs such as Fusarium oxysporum, Alternata alternata, Trichoderma viride, Colletotrichum sp., F. oxysporum, Aspergillus orayzae, Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum, and Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum. It is used in sustainable agriculture or smart farming to aid plant growth in the form of sensor detector of plant metabolites, hormonal changes, ion concentration, volatiles and gas changes, etc., under physiological stress. Environmental remediation is carried out for analysis and quantification of contaminants like heavy metals, pesticides, fungicides, pathogens, etc. Nanobiosensors have a tremendous impact on food industry as a means of sensitive method for detecting pathogens and recognition of mycotoxins. While, medical applications detect glucose in diabetics, cancer diagnosis, detection of urinary tract infections, HIV-AIDS, disease-causing pathogens, antigen-antibody interaction, etc. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies. -
Sustainability and Gender Equality: SDG5Gender Differences in Bargaining in the Housing Market
This chapter investigates whether gender differences exist in bargaining behaviour in the housing market. The impact of personality dispositions, location preferences and other such variables on the individuals willingness and ability to bargain and obtain a concession is studied. The variables were estimated using a 5-point Likert scale, and the final dataset was analysed by implementing logistic regression model. Findings suggest that gender, product knowledge, bargaining disposition, role of agent and reference price significantly impact bargaining behaviour. The study validates the need to attain the fifth Sustainable Development Goal, i.e. Gender Equality. The current emphasis is to ensure full participation of women in decision-making capabilities by 2030 (UN Women, Progress on the sustainable development goals: the gender snapshot, UN Women, New York, 2022), but it is found that men bargain more than women in the rental housing market. The chapter contributes to existing literature by studying gender differences in the rental housing market and justifies the findings with the help of primary data analysis. 2024 The Author(s). -
Sustainability and efficiency of micro finance institutions - Evidence from selected listed companies in India /
Journal Of Economics And Sustainable Development, Vol.6, Issue 11, pp.286-293, ISSN No: 2222-2855 (Online) 2222-1700 (Print) -
Sustainability & Comparative Impact Analysis of Coral reef bleaching in Indian context
An estimated value of 500 million of the population are directly benefited through coral reefs related jobs, food and defence of coastal areas. Coral reefs help to reduce wave energy by 97%. They help to protect the coastal areas from storms, floods and wave energy by 97%. Natural disasters such as Tsunami and erosion of coastal areas are protected by reefs. In this process, they help to protect the lives of many staying in the coastal areas including animals, properties, and other natural resources. There are reasons for reef deterioration like change of climate, high pollution, destructive fishing, bleaching of coral reefs is a big concern now worldwide. Severe coral bleaching is also reported in India. A significant rise in the surface temperature of Sea has become a critical reason for coral bleaching. This work attempts to Study the link between sustainability, SDG goals of 2030 given by United Nations and coral bleaching. In this work study period is focussed from 1985 to 2021 in the Indian coral reef bleaching areas. The Electrochemical Society -
Suspension culture of somatic embryos for the production of high-value secondary metabolites
Secondary metabolites from plants are ubiquitous and have applications in medicines, food additives, scents, colorants, and natural pesticides. Biotechnological production of secondary metabolites that have economic benefits is an attractive alternative to conventional methods. Cell, adventitious, and hairy root suspension cultures are typically used to produce secondary metabolites. According to recent studies, somatic embryos in suspension culture are useful tools for the generation of secondary metabolites. Somatic embryogenesis is a mode of regeneration in several plant species. This review provides an update on the use of somatic embryogenesis in the production of valuable secondary metabolites. The factors influencing the generation of secondary metabolites using somatic embryos in suspension cultures, elicitation methods, and prospective applications are also discussed in this review. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. 2023, Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society. -
Surviving Under Stress: Exploring Zea mays Adaptive Responses to Cadmium Toxicity and Mitigation StrategiesA Review
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity poses a significant threat to Zea mays, disrupting its normal physiological functions and metabolic processes. This chapter summarises current studies on the sources of contamination, Cd intake mechanisms, and the effect of Cd toxicity on critical physiological systems in maize. It then thoroughly investigates Zea mays physiological and adaptive responses to Cd toxicity. The section outlines how Cd inhibits vital metabolic processes, such as photosynthesis and the absorption of nutrients uptake in maize plants, leading to a reduction in biomass, yield, and growth. The adverse impacts on plant growth and development are amplified by anatomical changes brought on by Cd exposure, such as modifications to the roots and leaves. Furthermore, a thorough examination of biochemical modifications is conducted, such as adjustments to protein composition, glucose metabolism, and amino acid levels. The chapter additionally examines how enzymatic activity responds to Cd stress, focusing on modifications in the activity of enzymes involved in antioxidants and metabolism. Under the influence of Cd toxicity, maize plants display a range of intricate adaptive responses. These include upregulation of genes linked to the production of ethylene and the synthesis of peptides that bind metals, such as phytochelatins. The study covers the effectiveness of several mitigation techniques employed to reduce Cd accumulation and improve Cd tolerance in maize crops. These techniques include microbial remediation, phytohormone administration, biostimulant treatments, and designed nanoparticles and mineral ions. With everything considered, this chapter offers insightful information about Zea mays physiological and adaptive responses to endure and mitigate the impact of cadmium toxicity. To ensure sustainable maize production and food security in areas polluted by Cd, it is essential to understand these mechanisms and create appropriate mitigation techniques. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Survey study on the methods of bird vocalization classification
The technologies holds the ability to change the world. Current digital era is a product of the evolutionary technologies. It created the necessity to increase the Human Computer Interaction (HCI) and it became one of the most emerging research areas of the decade. HCI is an interface between the users and the system to improve the interaction. HCI concept came into existence in early 1980's. One of the emerging new research area in HCI is Context Aware System (CAS). The technological advancements in HCI created a new outlook in the research of CAS. CAS is a system which understand the user, their surroundings, and location. CAS make this possible by processing the environmental and bio-acoustic. Sound is one of the important media for both humans and animals to communicate and understand information. Bird sound, vehicle sound, wind sound etc. are some of the environmental and bio acoustics. Processing these sounds or signals will help us to create a better performing CAS. This paper profiles a survey study on bird sound classification and identification. Automatic identification of bird sound is one among the difficult task in signal processing. Also, the paper will profile the previous research works on various phases in bird vocalization processing; such as preprocessing, feature selection and classification. 2016 IEEE. -
Survey on Microwave frequency v Band: Characteristics and challenges
This paper presents the characteristics of V band frequency range of Microwave band in electromagnetic spectrum. The paper also identifies the challenges using this band in applications. The lower microwave frequency band of 2-3 GHz is used in wireless applications. Wi-Fi, Wi-Max and cellular frequencies are quite familiar using in the lower band of microwave frequency band. However, the congestion of the frequency band in this lower frequency band invoked researchers to think a higher frequency microwave band lies between 57 GHz-64 GHz band. The wireless application can utilize this unlicensed frequency band. However signal absorption, fast fading of signals in long range communication, also transceiver design architectures complexity pose great challenges in this higher band. Applications of short range such as military applications utilize this band. However, thinking a new dimension of characteristic features of microwave upper band is the focus of this paper. This paper tells the V Band, that is upper band of microwave range frequencies (57 - 64 GHz). 2016 IEEE. -
Survey on Malicious URL Detection Techniques
Crimes in the cyberspace are increasing day by day. Recent cyber threat defense reports states that 80.7% of the systems are compromised at least once in 2020. Cyber criminals taking the pandemic situation as an opportunity for the mass attack through malicious URL circulated by email or text messages in social media. Performing cyber-attacks through malicious URLs is the handy method for the cyber criminals. Protecting from such attacks requires proper awareness and solid defense system. Some of the common approaches followed by the cybercriminals to deceive the victims are 1. Phishing URLs which is very similar to the legitimate URLs. 2. Redirecting URLs 3. Using JavaScript, redirects to the phishing URL when user interacts with webpage 4. Social engineering etc. As soon as the novice internet users clicks on the malicious URL link, cyber criminals can easily steal personal information or install malware on their device to get additional access. Recently malicious URLs are generated algorithmically and uses URL shortening service to evade the existing security setup such as firewall and web filters. In literature, the researchers have proposed several ways to detect the malicious URLs but, new attack vectors that are introduced by the cyber criminals can easily bypass the security system. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of various malicious URL detection techniques which includes blacklist based, rules based, machine learning and deep learning-based techniques. Most importantly, the paper discusses the common features used by the detection system from webpages to classify the URL as malicious or benign and various performance metrics. This will encourage the new researchers to bring out the innovative solutions. 2022 IEEE. -
Survey of prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among 1124 healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic across India
Background: A prospective study was conducted during the second phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in India to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among healthcare workers (HCWs) and factors that influence the outcome. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 1124 HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 30, 2020, to April 2, 2020). Demographic data, questions on COVID-19 and scores of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were analysed using the chi-square test (Bonferroni correction) and binary logistic regression. Results: The study consists of 1124 HCWs, including 749 doctors, 207 nurses, 135 paramedics, 23 administrators and ten supporting staff members. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were reported as 37.2% and 31.4%, respectively. The risk factors for anxiety were female gender (30.6% vs 45.5%), age group (2035 years) (50.4% vs 61.2%), unmarried (21.2% vs 30.6%) and job profile (nurse) (14.7% vs 26.4%). The protective factor was having service of more than 20 years (23.4% vs 14.8%). The risk factors for depression were age group (20-35 years) (51.3% vs 61.3%) and employed at a primary care hospital (16.2% vs 23.4%). The protective factors were job profile (doctor) (69.9% vs 59.6%) and having service of more than 20 years (22.3% vs 15.5%). Conclusion: Approximately one-third of the HCWs reported anxiety and depressive symptoms. The risk factors for anxiety symptoms were female gender, younger age and job profile (nurse) and for depressive symptoms were younger age and working at a primary care hospital. Future research studies should identify strategies for providing a safer and supportive work environment for HCWs to face epidemics/pandemics. 2020 -
Survey data on bullying involvement among school-going adolescents in India
The data was collected from 169 school-going adolescents of grades sixth to twelfth from two cities in South India. The data set contains information of the frequency and type of bullying involvement (perpetration and victimization; physical, verbal, and social) among the participants in traditional and virtual classrooms. The data set can be used by all stakeholders to identify the frequency and types of bullying involvement among Indian adolescents. Further, relevant policies and programs can be developed that is tailored to the Indian adolescent population and the specific sociodemographic groups that are most vulnerable. Researchers can also replicate the study in various parts of India to compare bullying involvement among school-going adolescents across different parts of the nation. 2024 The Author(s) -
Surface-engineering of carbon fibre paper electrode through molecular imprinting technique towards electrochemical sensing of food additive in shrimps
Excessive usage of food additives needs to be extensively examined and regulated. Herein, we report the development of an exceptionally proficient and practical electrochemical sensor for the quantitative determination of 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR) in shrimps using a molecularly imprinted conducting polymer. By electropolymerizing 2-aminothiazole (AT) on the surface of a carbon fibre paper electrode (CFP) in the presence of 4-HR imprinted polymer films were developed. Bulk-electrolysis was used to produce definite imprinting sites and regulate the release of 4-hexylresorcinol templates. Voltammetric study reveals that the synthesized conducting polymer has outstanding electroactivity towards 4-HR and enables quick electron transfer kinetics. This MIP sensor has a detection limit of 6.03 nM for 4-HR. The modified CFP electrode has been found to be extremely selective to 4-HR due to its intensive contact via intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The modified electrodes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Optical profilometry, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
Surface water detection and delineation using remote sensing images: a review of methods and algorithms
Multispectral and hyperspectral images captured by remote sensing satellites or airborne sensors contain abundant information that can be used to study and analyze objects of interest on the surface of earth and their properties. The potential of remotely sensed images for studying natural resources like water has been studied by researchers over the past many years. As water is an important natural resource that needs to be conserved, such studies have been of great interest to the scientific community. By employing appropriate digital image processing techniques on images taken from remote sensing satellites or airborne sensors, an effective system can be developed to study the quantitative and qualitative changes happening to surface water bodies over a period of time. Surface water detection and mapping is a crucial and necessary step in such studies and different automated and semi-automated methods have been developed over the years for mapping water in remotely sensed images. Remote sensing sensors capture images at multiple bands corresponding to different wavelength ranges in the EM spectrum. Digital image processing based techniques for water mapping falls predominantly into four categories; (i) single band based methods, (ii) spectral index based methods, (iii) machine learning based methods and (iv) spectral mixture analysis based methods. This paper presents a review of techniques, methods, algorithms and the sensors/satellites that have been developed and experimented with to perform surface water body detection and delineation from remote sensing images. 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Surface tuning of nanostructured graphitic carbon nitrides for enhanced electrocatalytic applications: a review
The precursors for developing sustainable and environment-friendly energy conversion and storage devices requires the utilization of advanced, highly efficient, and economical nano-structured electrocatalysts instead of conventional and expensive noble metals. Therefore, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a material has gained wide attention due to its relative ease of synthesis, high nitrogen content, conductivity, and tuneable band gap energy. In recent years, their tunable electronic properties along with physicochemical stability have given rise to numerous research delving into their diverse range of applications. With the advancement in the tuning of their electrochemical performance, the electrical conductivity of g-C3N4 can be enhanced by structurally modifying the g-C3N4 framework accordingly. This review focuses on various structural modifications of g-C3N4 by functionalization, elemental doping, and hybridizing techniques for ameliorating the number of active sites resulting in enhanced electrocatalytic performance. Herein, the prospective researchers are given a concise perspective regarding the surface tuning of g-C3N4 for improving their electrocatalytic applications. 2023 Elsevier Ltd