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The Impact of Cost- Efficient Market Entry Strategies on the Growth and Sustainability of Digital Startups in Emerging Markets
In emerging markets, digital startups face numerous challenges related to market entry, including financial constraints, regulatory hurdles, and competitive pressures. Cost- efficient market entry strategies play a pivotal role in determining the growth trajectory and long- term sustainability of these startups. This chapter explores various cost- effective approaches such as bootstrapping, lean startup methodology, strategic partnerships, and digital- first go- to- market strategies. By examining realworld case studies and industry insights, this chapter highlights the impact of these strategies on startup growth and sustainability. Overall, this research contributes to the growing discourse on sustainable entrepreneurship by offering practical insights into scalable, cost- efficient business models. By identifying key enablers of success for digital startups in emerging markets, this study provides valuable recommendations for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and investors aiming to drive innovation and economic development in resource- constrained environments. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The Impact of Corporate Governance Structures on Corporate Investment: Moderating Role of Institutional Quality and Firm Life Cycle
This study delves into the relationship between corporate governance and corporate investment, specifically examining how institutional quality and the different stages of a firms life cycle can influence this relationship. Utilising a panel data framework, the analysis focuses on a sample of 548 non-financial listed Indian companies over the time span from 20102011 to 20222023. An investigation into the relationship between governance and investment is conducted using a fixed-effect regression model. To ensure the reliability of the findings, additional analyses are performed on subsamples, alternative proxies for corporate governance are considered, and a two-step system generalised method of moments approach is utilised. The findings provide strong evidence of a positive correlation between corporate governance and corporate investment, with the quality of institutions further amplifying this impact. In addition, the study uncovers that the impact of governance on investment is more noticeable in the early, expansion and later phases of the companys life cycle. This study stands out for its analysis of the relationship between governance and investment in a developing market, considering the companys life cycle and the institutional quality. 2025 Institute of Public Enterprise -
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The Impact of corporate governance and capacity utilization on zimbabwe aviation industry
The study investigates the impact of corporate governance and capacity utilization on Zimbabwe Aviation industry, focusing on Air Zimbabwe Holdings. The study examined and newlinecritically analyzed the governance process and level of capacity utilization of the aviation industry in Zimbabwe. The major objectives of the study were to analyze the impact of failures and weaknesses of corporate governance on Air Zimbabwe Holding and to measure the extent of capacity utilization in Air Zimbabwe Holding and its impact on the unit cost of service. The study utilized mixed method where both quantitative and qualitative research methods were combined in the research design. The research philosophy is rooted in both positivism newlineand Interpretivism. The philosophy accommodates the realist ontology and interpretivist. Quantitative approach was used because of its easiness in data analysis. Qualitative method was also used because of its in-depth approach in understanding phenomena under study. The population of this study constituted the board of directors of Air Zimbabwe, the owner newlineand the executive management. The population was considered given the nature of the study newlinethat is corporate governance. The research used questionnaires and interview techniques in collecting primary data. Secondary data was derived from different search engines, books and company periodicals. The research instruments, questionnaires were tested for reliability using Cronbach s Alpha at coefficient of 70. Content analysis of secondary data was used to define a check list of qualitative variables on corporate governance. The hypothesis was tested by means of Analysis of variance. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used to analyse newlineprimary data. The SPSS was used to create a code book that enabled different scientific tests to be carried out. Frequency analysis was run in order to clean the data.ANOVA inferential statistics in the form of p-values for each of the independent variables was performed. -
The Impact of Computer-Mediated Communication on Relationships and Social Interactions
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) has profoundly changed how we express or connect in the modern world. Various virtual platforms, like Instagram, WhatsApp, and online games, have transformed how we communicate, and there is an overlap between the virtual and the physical world. This reflective study uses a comprehensive literature synthesis to examine the transforming nature of CMC on relationships and socialization patterns. The findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach to understanding technology in interpersonal communication. Through this study, we attempt to mitigate the potential harms of excessive internet use through digital literacy, reflecting on online interactions and mindfulness in using the medium, especially for school-age children. The main takeaway from this reflective research is that when using technology for communication, one should practice equality and fairness across the board. Both the real and virtual worlds operate on the same principles of similarity and social exchange to create relationships, even though these theories are based on traditional offline relationships. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
The Impact of Computer-Mediated Communication on Relationships and Social Interactions
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) has profoundly changed how we express or connect in the modern world. Various virtual platforms, like Instagram, WhatsApp, and online games, have transformed how we communicate, and there is an overlap between the virtual and the physical world. This reflective study uses a comprehensive literature synthesis to examine the transforming nature of CMC on relationships and socialization patterns. The findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach to understanding technology in interpersonal communication. Through this study, we attempt to mitigate the potential harms of excessive internet use through digital literacy, reflecting on online interactions and mindfulness in using the medium, especially for school-age children. The main takeaway from this reflective research is that when using technology for communication, one should practice equality and fairness across the board. Both the real and virtual worlds operate on the same principles of similarity and social exchange to create relationships, even though these theories are based on traditional offline relationships. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
The Impact of Changes in Monetary Variables on Stock Prices of Commercial Banks in India
Commercial banks in India, as agents of the reserve bank of India, are key players in the implementation of exchange rate and interest rates and have huge role to control the inflation in the country. The purpose of this study is to examine impact on banking stocks because of frequent changes in important monetary variables. The concern is whether or not current economic indicators, as reflected in interest rates exchange rates and inflation, can explain banking stock returns. This study considered NSE bank nifty index as banks stocks representative because this bank index consist of all major banks listed in the Indian capital market The explanatory variables in this study considered the three important monetary variables namely foreign exchange rates ,long-term interest rates and inflation rates. This paper tries to find the impact of changes in monetary variables on bank nifty. Also the relationship (long run and short run) between bank nifty and monetary variables has been analysed. Different econometric tools have been applied in the study to attain the objectives. The econometric tools like unit root test, ordinary least squares, Johansen-Juselius (1990) Multivariate Co integration test and Vector error correction model (VECM). Based on the unit root test, it is found that all the variables are used in the study are non stationary at level and become stationary at first differences. Johansen cointegration test prove that there is long run relationship between bank nifty and three monetary variables. Based on the result of Ordinary least squares on vector error correction equation this study find that monetary variables have significant impact on bank stock return, but major portion of the bank nifty movement is explains by its own innovations. And also this study find that changes in foreign exchange rates and long term interest rates are affecting the bank nifty movement negatively. But the whole sale price index or inflation rates does not affect the bank nifty or banks stock price movement significantly. Among the three monetary variables are used in this study foreign exchange rates have high influence on bank stock prices. -
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The impact of Bacillus subtilis NJ22, a Fe-resilient soil isolate as a potent plant Growth-Promoting agent to Spinacia oleracea L
A soil isolate Bacillus subtilis NJ22 showed remarkable Fe tolerance up to 500g/mL. Along with Nitrogen fixation and phosphate and potassium solubilisation, the isolate NJ22 also showed other plant growth promoting traits including IAA, Ammonia, Siderophore, HCN production capabilities. The isolate, NJ22 substantially improved the growth of Spinacia oleracea in Fe-stressed soil. Soluble Fe content increased in soil containing PGPR. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Plant Research 2025. -
The impact of audit committee independence and competence on investors investment decision making: A study in the Indian context
This study examined the impact of an independent and competent audit committee on the decision-making process of investors in the Indian capital market and adopted a quantitative approach in which cross-sectional data are gathered with the help of a self-administered questionnaire survey. The selection of participants involves a stratified random sample technique, specifically targeting 441 regular investors associated with nine prominent brokerage houses in the Delhi NCR engaged in equity market investments. Descriptive analysis is applied to discern respondent characteristics, whereas correlation and regression analyses are utilised to test and elucidate the relationships and influences among variables in the model. The findings of this study, which indicate a notable correlation between investors' investment decision-making in India and the independence and competence of the audit committee, are in line with the expectation that independence and competence are essential attributes that the audit committee must possess. These characteristics, in turn, have a notable influence on investors' investment decisions. The outcome of this paper fills a gap in the literature by offering insights into the vital attributes of audit committee independence and competence that notably contribute to investment decision-making in India. This research examined the impact of an independent and competent audit committee on the decision-making process of investors in the Indian capital market, which has never been examined before. Thus, the findings shed light on the influence of board independence and competence on the decision-making process of investors in the Indian capital market. 2025, Malque Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The impact of audit committee independence and competence on investors investment decision making: A study in the Indian context
This study examined the impact of an independent and competent audit committee on the decision-making process of investors in the Indian capital market and adopted a quantitative approach in which cross-sectional data are gathered with the help of a self-administered questionnaire survey. The selection of participants involves a stratified random sample technique, specifically targeting 441 regular investors associated with nine prominent brokerage houses in the Delhi NCR engaged in equity market investments. Descriptive analysis is applied to discern respondent characteristics, whereas correlation and regression analyses are utilised to test and elucidate the relationships and influences among variables in the model. The findings of this study, which indicate a notable correlation between investors' investment decision-making in India and the independence and competence of the audit committee, are in line with the expectation that independence and competence are essential attributes that the audit committee must possess. These characteristics, in turn, have a notable influence on investors' investment decisions. The outcome of this paper fills a gap in the literature by offering insights into the vital attributes of audit committee independence and competence that notably contribute to investment decision-making in India. This research examined the impact of an independent and competent audit committee on the decision-making process of investors in the Indian capital market, which has never been examined before. Thus, the findings shed light on the influence of board independence and competence on the decision-making process of investors in the Indian capital market. 2025, Malque Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Digital Employee Engagement
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on digital employee engagement, focusing on the roles of job autonomy and digital learning orientation. It sought to understand how these factors influenced employee engagement in a digital environment and the extent to which the meaningfulness of work mediated these relationships. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were collected from 527 individuals performing administrative jobs in the private service sector. The study utilized partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed relationships among job autonomy, digital learning orientation, and digital employee engagement with mediation of meaningfulness of work. Findings: The findings indicated that job autonomy and digital learning orientation significantly and positively predicted digital employee engagement. However, the meaningfulness of work did not mediate the relationship between job autonomy, digital learning orientation, and digital employee engagement. The results of this study found that there was no significant relationship between the meaningfulness of work and digital employee engagement. This study also found that when the employees used digital tools, they often experienced feelings of loneliness and insecurity. Practical Implications: The study suggested that the organizations role should always be focused on promoting digital tools. Organizations should emphasize enhancing job autonomy and encourage employees to engage in digital learning orientation, boosting digital employee engagement in the workplace. Originality/Value: This study contributed to the literature considering the role of AI applications that directly influenced digital employee engagement by addressing the significant roles of job autonomy and digital learning orientation. It also emphasized the need for future research to explore the impact of the meaningfulness of work and the dependence on digital tools for employee performance. 2024, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
The Impact of AI Tools on Enhancing EFL Learners' Engagement in Higher Education Using HubSVM Models
BL has become prevalent in higher education as a means of delivering information, managing activities, and executing lessons, thanks in large part to the proliferation of COVID-19 and other technological developments in education. By combining online and offline learning, BL encourages students to be more engaged and flexible than in a typical classroom setting. Engaged learners are crucial for psychometric analysis; they are like energy in action, full of life, focus, and determination. By encouraging mental and physical exertion towards studying, it significantly improves EFL students' involvement in higher education. Using MinMax for feature scaling and the HubSVM, which, similar to the L1-norm SVM, allows automatic feature selection, this study analyses and improves engagement. By highlighting highly connected features, HubSVM improves the selection process and makes computing the complete solution path easier. The results show that when dealing with highly correlated variables, HubSVM performs better than L1-norm SVM. The suggested classifier outperforms the competition with an accuracy of 95.65%. The results show that the concept works well to make BL settings more engaging for students. This research helps make higher education more engaging for EFL learners by incorporating modern machine learning techniques, which means they will have a better, more effective learning experience. 2025 IEEE. -
The Impact of AI on High-Frequency Trading: A New Paradigm in Share Market Dynamics
A fresh approach in financial trading has emerged as a result of the significant shifts in the dynamics of global share markets brought about by the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into high-frequency trading (HFT). In order to analyse large datasets in real-time, perform trades in microseconds, and AI-driven Deep learning, machine learning, and natural language processing are all examples of things that HFT uses to help people make the best choices they can in markets that have to change all the time. This change will help people make better decisions, and sellers will be able to respond quickly to changes in the market. Individuals can trade faster, better, and for greater amounts of cash with it than ever before. AI does have some problems when used in HFT, though. It can make the market less stable, lead to legal problems, and make it more diligently to be fair and honest. The amount of money, how well markets work, along with the way risks are handled are all changed by AI. It also discusses about how AI changes HFT. This study talks about the pros and cons of HFT powered by AI. Along with the way shares are sold, it also hints at how it might change future rules. 2025 IEEE. -
The Impact of AI on Digital Marketing Across Various Industries: Unveiling New Possibilities Across Industries
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing digital marketing by enhancing the effectiveness of strategies through automation, data- driven insights, and personalized customer engagement. This paper presents a cross- industry analysis to understand the impact of AI on digital marketing effectiveness across various sectors. The primary objective of this research is to examine how AI-powered tools and techniques are reshaping marketing practices and optimizing consumer interactions. Industries such as retail, healthcare, finance, and entertainment are leveraging AI for customer segmentation, personalized recommendations, chatbots, predictive analytics, and automated content creation. By evaluating case studies and industry reports, this study aims to identify key trends and best practices adopted by successful organizations. This research also investigates the challenges faced by companies when implementing AI in digital marketing, such as data privacy concerns, ethical implications, and the integration of AI with existing marketing strategies. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The impact of AI and agile HR on talent acquisition and onboarding in the service industry
The high speed and competition levels in the service sector make it imperative to have a workforce that is capable of responding to rapid change. This research studies the synergistic impact of the utilization of Artificial Intelligence and Agile Human Resources in the service sector in enhancing the talent acquisition and onboarding process. Transforming the present study into a quest to see how these two transformative forces interact in the quest for identifying their potential for increasing efficiency and effectiveness, along with the employee experience. It investigates how AI can contribute to Agile HR in order to make talent acquisition easier. This involves using AI-based tools in talent sourcing, candidate screening, and assessment, and automating other routine tasks in order to set HR free for more strategic activities. The study also investigates the application of AI in personalizing onboarding, improving employee engagement, and accelerating time-to-productivity. Best practices and challenges are identified by analyzing case studies of service organizations that successfully put both AI and Agile HR into practice. This paper covers the ethical issues associated with AI and the requirement for human judgment in the process of talent acquisition and onboarding. Ultimately, the chapter will contribute to an understanding of how AI and Agile HR can combine in order to build a competitive advantage for service organizations. This will involve the optimization of talent acquisition and onboarding in a manner that enables the building of high-performing teams in order to deliver better customer satisfaction and drive business growth. 2026 Pushan Kumar Dutta, Amarnath Padhi, Sulagna Das, Vinod Kr Sharma and Poshan Yu. All rights reserved. -
THE IMPACT OF ADVERTISING ON CHILDREN
Advertising is a pervasive influence on children. Young people watch more than 40, 000 advertisements per year. Advertisements are basically to sell a product. Advertisements are everywhere, televisions, internet, newspapers and magazines etc??This study is about the impact of few selected advertisements on children. The target age groups are from 3 to 17 which would be divided into three groups. Five ages per group. Group 1: age 3 to 7, Group 2: age 8 to 12 and Group 3: age 13 to 17. Each of these age groups are affected in different ways. Some are effected mentally, and some physically. But these effects would not take effect immediately; it would take effect as the child grows. This is because no matter how the advertisements are made, most of the children never understand the effects on the advertisements and since they like the creativity in the advertisements they actually consume the product. No matter what the product is, let it be from a chocolate to an electronic product like an Air Conditioner. It is said that children from the ages of 3 to 7 are found to be more interested in toys and 8 to 12 are interested in food that no matter how the food is and how it tastes they would force their parents to buy them the product. And the children in the ages between 13 to 17 prefer shopping for themselves, this could be because they start to have a mindset that they have become ??teenagers??, they prefer buying clothes, cosmetics, electronic gadgets (mobile phones, iPods, and watches). -
The Impact of 6G Technology on Environmental Ecosystems and Human Life
The advent of 6G technology promises significant advancements that could reshape environmental ecosystems and human life. By providing ultra-low latency and immense bandwidth, 6G will enhance smart cities, supporting efficient energy management and reducing carbon footprints. The integration of AI-driven solutions may optimize resource use, facilitating sustainable practices across industries. Moreover, 6G will enable remote monitoring of ecosystems, allowing for real-time data collection on biodiversity and environmental health. This connectivity can drive conservation efforts, enabling swift responses to ecological threats. However, the increased energy consumption associated with 6G infrastructure raises concerns about sustainability. Balancing technological advancement with ecological stewardship will be essential, as society navigates the complexities of pervasive connectivity. Ultimately, the responsible development and deployment of 6G can foster a harmonious coexistence between technology, nature, and humanity. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. -
The Impact and Inheritance of Operating Leverage: A Study with Two Pharmaceutical Companies
International Journal of Management Research and Technology, Vol-7 (2), pp. 145-154. ISSN-0974-3502 -
The illusion of social class identity and academic performance: Exploring the role of father education as an indicator of socioeconomic status
The academic achievement of low social class students has been attributed to lack of ability and their socioeconomic Status (SES). However, a recent meta-analysis reported decreasing relationship between SES and academic achievement in the U.S. population (Sirin, 2005). The present study attempted to explore the relationship between social class identity processes and academic performance in an Indian context. The study took students' self report on all indicators of SES and separated high and low social class students on the basis of their fathers' education. The result showed that social class based identity process has less important role in explaining the existing academic achievement gap. Thus the need arises to explore other identities that may collaborate with the social class identity in an educational domain.