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Quantifying the role of nanocarbon fillers on dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix
Development of polymers with excellent dielectric properties is a challenge for advanced electronic devices. Impregnating conducting fillers like carbon nanoparticles can enhance the dielectric constant, retaining low loss due to its compatibility and favorable polarization within the polymer matrix. The multifunctional characteristics of coal-derived nanocarbon can improve permittivity and facilitate large-scale production at a lower cost. The incorporation of coal-based nanocarbon in the polymer matrix and its dielectric response is seldom investigated. In this work, different ratios (10:90, 50:50, 90:10 by weight) of nanocarbon/PVDF composite are prepared via a simple solution casting technique. The dielectric measurements show that nanofillers addition significantly augments the dielectric constant value, which is ?3 times (50:50 composite) higher than pure PVDF. The uniform distribution of 50% filler within the polymer matrix impeded the seepage of charge at the interface and enhanced the permittivity via polarization of accumulated charges. The composite also exhibited balanced dielectric loss that is essential for energy storage applications. The Author(s) 2022. -
Medicinal potential of the Cape-pondweed family (Aponogetonaceae): A review
Aponogeton (Aponogetonaceae) is an aquatic genus comprising 60 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. The species of the genus are traditionally used to treat a wide variety of diseases including cuts and wounds, stomach disorders and reviving digestive system, fungal infections, cough, tuberculosis, acne, cancer, diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, snake bite, etc. A total of 50 compounds have been isolated from Aponogeton species. Essential oils, fatty acids and waxes, ester, quinones, steroids, terpenes and terpenoids, phenols and phenolics are the important compounds present in this genus. In this review, we provide an overview of the taxonomy, molecular phylogeny, biogeography, traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and tissue culture of Aponogeton. Other aspects such as the use of some species as model plant for studying programmed cell death (PCD) are also discussed. This review on the medicinal potential of the genus aims at attracting the attention of biologists to this phytochemically less explored plant group. The knowledge gaps in different areas of research and future perspectives are also discussed. 2022 SAAB -
Roxburgh was right: Aponogeton microphyllus and Aponogeton undulatus are distinct species
Aponogeton microphyllus, previously placed under the synonymy of A. undulatus, is recognized here as a distinct species based on morphology, chromosome number, and molecular phylogenetics (nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed (ITS) spacer region). Observations on the type and live specimens revealed morphological differences between the two species. Aponogeton microphyllus flowered regularly and set seeds. Aponogeton undulatus flowered rarely, did not set seeds, but showed formation of young plantlets on the inflorescence axis. Similarly, different chromosome numbers were recorded in Aponogeton microphyllus and the two forms of A. undulatus, viz., AF1 and AF2, whichoccurin distinct populations. Aponogeton microphyllus exhibited polysomaty with root-tip cells showing 2n=40, 42, and 44 chromosomes. The two forms of A. undulatus, AF1 and AF2, showed 2n=84 and 86 chromosomes, respectively. Based on the ITS data, both speciesoccupiedtwo separate clades. Plastid trnK intron region indicated a close relationship between both species. Our study suggests the need for comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of A. undulatus across its distribution range based on more advanced techniques such as high-throughput sequencing data to understand the A. undulatus species complex and to detect natural hybrids of this species. 2023, Indian Academy of Sciences. -
Structural domination and coloring of some (P7,C7)-free graphs
We show that every connected induced subgraph of a graph G is dominated by an induced connected split graph if and only if G is C-free, where C is a set of six graphs which includes P7 and C7, and each containing an induced P5. A similar characterization is shown for the class of graphs which are dominated by an induced connected complete split graph. Motivated by these results, we study structural descriptions of some classes of (P7, C7)-free graphs. In particular, we give structural descriptions for the class of (P7, C7, C4, gem)-free graphs and for the class of (P7, C7, C4, diamond)-free graphs. Using these results, we show that every (P7, C7, C4, gem)-free graph G satisfies ?(G)?2?(G)?1, and that every (P7, C7, C4, diamond)-free graph H satisfies ?(H)?max{3,?(H)}. 2020 Elsevier B.V. -
Disease Identification for Tea Leaves Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Infection can consequently reduce both quality and yield, and causes major threats to tea production round the world. It is therefore sometime difficult to achieve fast, reliable, and precise identification of disease in tea plants and hence the need to embrace new methods of disease identification. To enable realisation of accurately understandable models for classification of the diseases in tea leaves, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) approaches are applied in this work. In order to train and test machine learning models, we collected a set of repos of high-resolution images of tea leaves affected by various diseases along with meta information. CNN models were trained with the help of our approach and adopting XAI tools as tools for explanation of predictions. From this study, the field of agricultural AI is benefitted from the illustration of how XAI might enhance disease management strategies in tea agriculture. The results demonstrate an accuracy of 87.85%, with precision, recall and F1-scores ranging between 0.78 and 0.95 across different classes. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Quick and Effective: Exploring the Prominence of Social Media Stories and Short Videos Destination Digital Marketing
This paper explores the transformative role of social media stories and short videos in tourism digital marketing, focusing on their evolution, advantages, and influence on destination promotion. Through a comprehensive review of secondary literature, key developments in social media storytelling are traced, highlighting the emergence and evolution of stories and short videos. The benefits of these formats for destination promotion are analyzed, emphasizing their ability to capture audience attention, evoke emotional responses, and inspire travel decisions in ways that traditional media channels cannot match. Furthermore, the broader influence of social media storytelling on the tourism industry along with key challenges are examined, with a specific focus on marketing prospects and future directions. Insights are drawn from case studies, industry reports, and expert opinions to provide strategic recommendations for tourism stakeholders seeking to harness the power of stories and short videos in their marketing strategies. 2025, IGI Global. -
Data encryption in public cloud using multi-phase encryption model
Cloud computing the most used word in the world of Information Technology, is creating huge differences in IT industry. Nowadays huge amount of data is being generated and the researchers are finding new ways of managing these data. Basically, the word cloud refers to a virtual database that stores huge data from various clients. There are three types of cloud public, private and hybrid. Public cloud is basically for general users where users can use cloud services free or by paying. Private cloud is for any particular organizations and hybrid one is basically combine of both. Cloud offers various kind of services such as IAAS, PAAS, SAAS where services like platform for running any application, accessing the huge storage, can use any application running under cloud are given. The cloud also has a disadvantage regarding the security for the data storage facility. Basically, the public cloud is prone to data modification, data hacking and thus the integrity and confidentiality of the data is being compromised. Here in our work the concern is to protect the data that will be stored in the public cloud by using the multi-phase encryption. The algorithm that we have proposed is a combination of Rail Fence cipher and Play Fair cipher. 2018 Snata Choudhury, Dr. Kirubanand V.B. -
Structure and biological properties of exopolysaccharide isolated from Citrobacter freundii
This study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization, antioxidant activity in vitro, cytotoxicity study of an exopolysaccharide isolated from Citrobacter freundii. Firstly, the culture conditions were standardized by the Design of experiments (DoE) based approach, and the final yield of thecrude exopolysaccharide was optimized at 2568 169 mg L?1. One large fraction of exopolysaccharide was obtained from the culture filtrate by size exclusion chromatography and molecular characteristics were studied. A new mannose rich exopolysaccharide (Fraction-I) with average molecular weight ~ 1.34 105 Da was isolated. The sugar analysis showed the presence of mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of nearly 7:2 respectively. The structure of the repeating unit in the exopolysaccharide was determined through chemical and 1D/2D- NMR experiments as:[Formula presented] Finally, the antioxidant activity, and the cytotoxicity of the exopolysaccharide were investigated and the relationship with molecular properties was discussed as well. 2020 Elsevier B.V. -
Future of Work in the Age of Automation in the Global Scenario: Navigating Imposter Syndrome and Identity Crisis - Routing AI, Job Displacement, and Workforce Renovation
Automation and artificial intelligence continue to disrupt the workforce economy, transforming industries and institutions, as well as traditional employment models. Although automation promises to improve productivity and efficiency, it poses its own problems in job displacement and skill gaps like imposter syndrome and identity crises as the replacement of human workforce to AI and rebotics. In order to cope with this transition, companies, government bodies and educational institutions need to take initiative, in the form of retraining initiatives, AI-human collaboration, labour policies etc. This discussion must also include ethical considerations, regulatory frameworks, and equitable opportunities for employment as AI continues to develop. As automation progresses the societies should shape it by augmentation of human potential instead of replacement, which could help facilitate sustainable economic growth and resilient labour workforce. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Impact of AI on Students Mental Health and Well-Being
This chapter examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on students' mental health and well- being, addressing the urgent need for innovative solutions in response to escalating mental health challenges among this demographic. In recent years, mental health issues among students have surged due to a combination of factors, including increasing academic pressures, socio- economic disparities, and the pervasive influence of digital technologies. These challenges create a complex array of psychological and emotional difficulties that necessitate timely and effective interventions.AI technologies, particularly those leveraging natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML), are emerging as scalable and accessible tools for mental health support in educational settings. Unlike traditional therapeutic methods, which often face geographical, financial, and logistical constraints, AI-powered tools provide round- the- clock assistance to users, transcending barriers of time and location. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Synthesis and characterization of SnO2-SA-FA nanocomposite for anticancer (cervical cancer HeLa cells), antimicrobial (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans) and antioxidant activities
This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a novel sodium alginate (SA) and folic acid (FA) functionalized tin oxide nanocomposite (SnO2-SA-FA) and investigates its antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. XRD analysis confirmed the tetragonal crystalline structure of SnO2, while the crystallite size decreased from 28.3 nm for pure SnO2 to 22.1 nm after functionalization, indicating enhanced surface area and reactivity. UVvisible analysis revealed a reduction in bandgap energy from 3.6 to 3.4 eV, suggesting improved charge transfer capability. Photoluminescence studies showed green emission at 506 nm, indicating enhanced oxygen vacancy defects and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The SnO2-SA-FA nanocomposite demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, exhibiting zones of inhibition of 20 mm and 17 mm, respectively, with minimum bactericidal concentration values of 1600 ?g mL?1. Antioxidant studies revealed significantly improved 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, reaching 83.23% at 100 ?g mL?1 compared to 66.34% for pure SnO? nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity studies against HeLa cervical cancer cells demonstrated dose-dependent anticancer activity, with the SnO2-SA-FA nanocomposite exhibiting a lower IC50 value (concentration required to inhibit 50% of cell viability) (40.6 ?g mL?1) than pure SnO? nanoparticles (58.2 ?g mL?1). Fluorescence microscopy confirmed enhanced apoptosis induction through ROS-mediated oxidative stress and folate-receptor-targeted uptake. Furthermore, biocompatibility studies on L929 fibroblast cells showed cell viability above 80%, confirming low toxicity and favorable biological safety. These findings demonstrate that the SnO2-SA-FA nanocomposite is a promising multifunctional nanoplatform for antimicrobial, antioxidant and targeted anticancer biomedical applications. 2026 Society of Chemical Industry. 2026 Society of Chemical Industry. -
Smart production monitoring using drones in cyber-physical agricultural systems
The population of the world has shown a notable swift in recent years and the need for food has also gradually increased. The extra demand could be met by smart agricultural systems because manual and traditional crop cultivation is tedious, time-consuming and requires manpower to a great extent. The increased population is not the only factor for the shortage of food; there are many other influencing factors involving crop damage due to insects, lack of monitoring, and many others that should be overcome by the implementation of smart technologies in agriculture and resulting in a revolution of the agriculture or it can be addressed as Agri 4.0. This chapter provides insight into the implementation of drone technology which will result in many positive shifts in Agri 4.0. To address the various associated problems, causes, and consequences in the production, the smart production system with the incorporating technologies shows the notable solutions. Through the underlying chapter, the need, usage, architecture, implementation, and other related aspects are discussed. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Assessment of Attitude and Knowledge of Law Students towards Tele-evidence Facility for Doctors
A doctor's role not only includes patient care but also to provide evidence in the court as and when called upon to do so. Evidence giving in the court leads to an additional burden on the doctor with regards to the time and money spent on travelling, cancellation of the hearing after reaching the court, etc. An alternative for all these problems can be tele-evidence. This study aims to know the attitude and perception of final year undergraduate law students towards tele-evidence facilities for doctors. A cross sectional study was done using a questionnaire-based survey. The Likert scale questionnaire was used to assess the attitude, and the Cronbach alpha coefficient checked the Likert items' internal consistency. The analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 25. When summarised by median and mode for the individual Likert items, the results showed that the final year undergraduate law students have a positive outlook towards tele-evidence facilities for doctors but lack exposure to such advances. A study taking into account the opinion of practising lawyers and judges, especially those who have done court hearings using tele-evidence facilities for doctors, needs to be done. 2024, Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine. All rights reserved. -
Charting Industry 4.0 Routes Incubation Centers: A Study on Atal Incubation Centre
Start-ups have garnered significant attention in India, as well as many other areas of the world, in the past few years. Start-ups may produce significant solutions through innovative and adaptable technology, acting as vehicles for socioeconomic growth and transformation. Some businesses were created in recent times, but the ecosystem was still in its infancy, with just a few investments and a limited number of support programs such as incubators. As business environments have evolved, there are signs that the function of incubators has shifted and extended to a center giving training, with over 20, 000 start-ups and a year-on-year growth rate of 10-12%, India boasts the worlds second largest start-up ecosystem. Since business settings have changed, there are indications that the purpose of incubators has moved and expanded to a center for training and support, connecting, and consulting to new enterprises in all fields of specialization rather than just a business center with office space. According to incubators, the major worry or problem was establishing suitable infrastructure with specialized technology that met the demands of the companies. In terms of investment, incubators were concerned about the schemes rigidity. Some incubators opted to extend financing or make grants rather than make equity investments. This issue originated largely from the regulatory complexities of incubators at educational institutions that make equity-based investments in businesses. Start-ups do not exist in isolation, but rather as a component of the larger economy. In terms of the regulatory framework, it is thought that enhancing the execution of existing start-up regulations and eliminating inefficiency within the administration is critical to making it easier for start-ups to do business. Start-ups would benefit from less paperwork and documentation, improved access to information, more standardized operational processes, and clear criteria. 2023 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. -
Imprint of Fertiliser Policies on Farming Practices Evidence from the Top Five Consuming States
The policies related to the use of nitrogen fertilisers since independence are reviewed using primary and secondary databases to derive the present status of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertiliser use among farmers. Recommendations for increasing nitrogen use efficiency in agriculture for sustainability are provided. 2023 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
Recommender system for personalised travel itinerary
A recommender system is an approach to give an appropriate solution to a particular problem. This helps in recognising the pattern or behaviour of a user to suggest future possible likes of the user. Nowadays people like to travel during their spare time, it has become a rigid task to decide where to go. This paper represents a customised recommender system to help users in destining their itinerary. A model is designed to suggest the best places to visit in Rome. A questionnaire was prepared to get information about user's interest during their travel. The model generates the best five places to visit with respect to the choice picked by the user. The top five places for each category will be displayed to the user and the user was asked to pick a starting point for the itinerary. Then the model generates another set off a filtered list of places to enhance their travel experience. It includes displaying the top 5 restaurants to visit during their travel. Copyright 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Protecting remote work: Cybersecurity challenges and solutions
New cybersecurity threats have sprouted due to the sudden shift to remote work; changed workplace dynamics have potentially moved security perimeters outward as organizations begin to experience new threats in the forms of phishing, ransomware, data breaches, and even insider threats. This chapter focuses on cybersecurity risks with remote work, upcoming security trends, and best practices for organizing and protecting distributed workforce activities. It tackles such core concepts of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), AI-enabled threat detection, and Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) as foundational strategies necessary to secure networks from remote workspaces. It also emphasizes employee awareness and compliance with cybersecurity regulations. Strong security controls will help businesses stay on top of cyber risks while developing the future of work toward being digital-first. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Weakly nonlinear stability analysis of salt-finger convection in a longitudinally infinite cavity
This paper is a two-dimensional linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses of the three-dimensional problem of Chang et al. ["Three-dimensional stability analysis for a salt-finger convecting layer,"J. Fluid Mech. 841, 636-653 (2018)] concerning salt-finger convection, which is seen when there is sideways heating and salting along the vertical walls along with a linear variation of temperature and concentration on the horizontal walls. A two-dimensional linear stability analysis is first carried out in the problem with the knowledge that the result could be different from those of a three-dimensional study. A two-dimensional weakly nonlinear stability analysis, that is, then performed points to the possibility of the occurrence of sub-critical motions. Stability curves are drawn to depict various instability regions. With the help of a detailed stability analysis, the stationary mode is shown to be the preferred one compared to oscillatory. Local nonlinear stability analysis of the system is done in a neighborhood of the critical Rayleigh number to predict a sub-critical instability region. The existence of a stable solution at the onset of a weakly nonlinear convective regime is indicated, allowing one to perform a bifurcation study in the problem. Heat and mass transports are discussed by analyzing the Nusselt number, Nu, and Sherwood number, Sh, respectively. A simple relationship is obtained between the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number exclusively in terms of the Lewis number, Le. 2022 Author(s). -
Genetic correlates of the development of theta event related oscillationsin adolescents and young adults
The developmental trajectories of theta band (47Hz) event-related oscillations (EROs), a key neurophysiological constituent of the P3 response, were assessed in 2170 adolescents and young adults ages 12 to 25. The theta EROs occurring in the P3 response, important indicators of neurocognitive function, were elicited during the evaluation of task-relevant target stimuli in visual and auditory oddball tasks. Associations between the theta EROs and genotypic variants of 4 KCNJ6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to vary with age, sex, scalp location, and task modality. Three of the four KCNJ6 SNPs studied here were found to be significantly associated with the same theta EROs in adults in a previous family genome wide association study. Since measures of the P3 response have been found to be a useful endophenotypes for the study of a number of clinical and behavioral disorders, studies of genetic effects on its development in adolescents and young adults may illuminate neurophysiological factors contributing to the onset of these conditions. 2016 Elsevier B.V. -
Gender modulates the development of theta event related oscillations in adolescents and young adults
The developmental trajectories of theta band (4-7. Hz) event-related oscillations (EROs), a key neurophysiological constituent of the P3 response, were assessed in 2170 adolescents and young adults ages 12 to 25. The theta EROs occurring in the P3 response, important indicators of neurocognitive function, were elicited during the evaluation of task-relevant target stimuli in visual and auditory oddball tasks. These tasks call upon attentional and working memory resources. Large differences in developmental rates between males and females were found; scalp location and task modality (visual or auditory) differences within males and females were small compared to gender differences. Trajectories of interregional and intermodal correlations between ERO power values exhibited increases with age in both genders, but showed a divergence in development between auditory and visual systems during ages 16 to 21. These results are consistent with previous electrophysiological and imaging studies and provide additional temporal detail about the development of neurophysiological indices of cognitive activity. Since measures of the P3 response has been found to be a useful endophenotypes for the study of a number of clinical and behavioral disorders, studies of its development in adolescents and young adults may illuminate neurophysiological factors contributing to the onset of these conditions. 2015 Elsevier B.V.