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Statistical Forecasting of Fat in Body Proportion Utilizing Nonlinear Anthropological Parameters and Density Evaluation
Body Fat Percentage (BFP) is an accurate body fat assessment, plays vital role in order to evaluate an individual's health status and disease risk. Traditional BFP assessments, such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and hydrostatic weighing are high in accuracy which is compromised by their cost and complexity. This research work focuses on creating a predictive BFP model using anthropometric techniques. For formulating and validating the proposed model, a benchmark dataset is used consisting of 252 samples having measures of weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), skinfold thicknesses along with air displacement plethysmography (ADP) based density estimates. For feature engineering, the most important values are selected such as body mass index, hip ratio etc., as well as logarithmic values and then the best artificial neural network model is trained. The proposed model is developed using quadratic polynomial terms with a literature-based space-cost function (r > 0.98), provided the best model with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.5% and coefficient of determination R = 0.92 outperforming conventional works. 2025 IEEE. -
Statistical Learning inPharmacovigilance: A Data-Driven Approach to AI-Enhanced Drug Safety Monitoring
Pharmacovigilance is transforming at warp speed in response to big data and advanced analytical techniques. This paper will provide an overview of where pharmacovigilance currently stands by focusing on integrating artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and real-world data (RWD) in order to improve drug safety monitoring. These new methods are increasingly supplementing traditional ones which serve as their base. The purpose of this survey is to assess how effective they are, point out the major challenges standing in their way as well as offer recommendations for future research. In conclusion, although AI and ML could prove helpful especially with handling large volume and complexity of datasets, there is a need for tackling data quality, integration issues and regulatory acceptance concerns first. Standardized methodologies should be worked out and collaboration among all stakeholders encouraged so as to maximize the pharmacovigilance benefits that can come from these technologies. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026. -
Statistical modelling of software source code
This book will focus on utilizing statistical modelling of the software source code, in order to resolve issues associated with the software development processes. Writing and maintaining software source code is a costly business; software developers need to constantly rely on large existing code bases. Statistical modelling identifies the patterns in software artifacts and utilize them for predicting the possible issues. Statistic tool for the software engineer. 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. -
Statistical tests for key strength identification in cryptography
The cryptographic study involves three algorithms, one for Encryption of Plain text to Cipher text, one for Decryption for Cipher text back to Plain text and third for the generation of the Key. Key generation algorithm works on the principle of Randomness. In this work, the randomness of Key is studied by using Statistical methods like Runs Up & Runs Down test, Runs (Above and Below the mean), Chi Square test & Auto correlation test for its usability in Cryptographic study. 2020 IJSTR. -
Statistical thermal study of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow in coaxial cylinder: artificial neural network approach
The objective of this study is to examine heat and mass transfer aspects of ternary nanofluid flow in coaxial cylinder under the influence of Arrhenius activation energy, microorganisms concentration and bioconvection Peclet number, which a pivotal rolet in various scientific and engineering applications. The flow of ternary nanofluid is caused due to stretching inner cylinder with stationary outer cylinder. The nonlinear partial equations are derived for the flow model and reduced to non-linear ordinary differential equation by applying suitable similarity transformation. The resultant equations are resolved mathematically using Runge Kutta Fehlberg (RKF45) technique. The obtained numerical results are validated with the published work to check the exactness of the solution methodology and it is noticed that the present outcomes are on par with published work. The physical behaviour of the pertinent parameters is analysed through graphical depiction. The derived quantities like drag force and Sherwood number are studied through tabular column. Additionally, the heat transfer rate is analysed by using backpropagated Levenberg-Marquardt Machine learning algorithm. Further, the correlation between the parameter on the rate of heat transfer is analysed by using Mean square error and regression graphs. The key outcome of this research is that, the temperature upsurges by increasing the solid volume of nanoparticle due to higher thermal conductivity of the nanoparticles. Further, it is perceived from the artificial neural network model that, the correlation between the input parameters and output data are strongly correlated (R = 1). 2025 -
STATUS OF WOMEN IN FAMILY: A STUDY AMONG WOMEN WORKERS OF ORGANISED AND UNORGANISED SECTORS IN URBAN BANGALORE
This is a study conducted amongst working women of the Organised and Unorganised sector in Urban Bangalore. It is an attempt to understand the status of working women within their family by looking at their involvement in key decision making areas. The key areas that have been identified are distribution of household duties and money related decisions. Patriarchal traditions divide household into two domains the female and male domains. The female domain includes household responsibilities like child care, cooking and cleaning that belong to the woman of the house while the male domain includes money related issues where men are the primary breadwinners and decision makers at home. The study looks at the aspect that despite contributing to the family income, working women have very little involvement in the key decisions of the family. The topic of the study has been crystallised after conducting informal discussions with working women of Organised and Unorganised sectors. During the discussions women stated that even though they are working and making contribution to the household income, they do not feel a part of the key decision making areas within the household. The topic of this study has been chosen to clearly understand the role of working women in decision making at home. The two sectors have been chosen to understand the difference in the attitudes of women working in both sectors given the disparity in the level of their income. Random sampling method has been used to select the samples. The total sample size is 129, 66 from Organised sector and 63 from Unorganised sector. The area chosen for data collection from the Organised sector is software firms, apparel firm, educational institutions, insurance firms and banks. In the Unorganised sector the area chosen for the study is Rajendra Nagar, Koramangala in close vicinity to National Games Village, a residential complex. The respondents work as domestic cleaners and housekeeping staff in National Games Village. Primary data has been collected using questionnaire method substantiated by the case study method. The questionnaire had 58 questions along with four case studies. There are four case studies which focus on the involvement of working women from Organised and Unorganised sectors in decision making within the family to get a better understanding of their day to day lives. The findings of the study are discussed in this dissertation. -
Steady Finite Amplitude Convection in Type 2 Hybrid Nanofluids with Rough Boundaries and Robin Boundary Condition on Temperature
The study concerns linear and weakly non-linear analysis of a Rayleigh-Bard convection problem subjected to a most general boundary condition. This general boundary condition consists of rough boundaries on velocity and Robin boundary condition on temperature. With the help of specific non-dimensional parameters, i.e., the slip-Darcy number and the Biot number that arise at lower and horizontal boundaries, we have been able to integrate 16 Rayleigh-Bard convection problems into one. Both parameters display a stabilising effect on the onset of convection. Utilising a minimal Fourier series representation, a generalised Lorenz model is derived. The solution of this Lorenz model is used to obtain the Nusselt number expression. The study also involves the usage of mono nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid of the type where spherical-shaped nanoparticles (alumina/copper) are dispersed into a binary base fluid mixture (water-EG). The thermophysical properties of the binary base fluid mixture and the corresponding nanofluids are calculated using mixture theory. Also, the thermophysical properties of mono nanofluid are derived and calculated from the mixture theory defined for the hybrid nanofluid type, which accounts for the correctness of the mixture theory used (verified using phenomenological laws and mixture theory for mono nanofluid). The papers main aim is to throw light on the ease rendered by the usage of general boundary condition, along with presenting a theoretical base for choosing the most suitable nanofluid concerning convection problems. An increase of 96.2984% in critical Rayleigh number is observed in the case of water-EG-alumina nanofluid when Biot number is increased from 10?3 to 106. Likewise, an increase of 107.223% in critical Rayleigh number for water-EG-alumina nanofluid is observed when slip-Darcy number is increased from 10?3 to 106. Limiting cases of the Rayleigh-Bard problem for 16 boundary conditions including free/rigid isothermal/adiabatic combinations at lower and upper boundaries are obtained, thereby presenting a strong validation for the study. Plots of stream function for different boundary conditions are included for a better physical understanding of the problem. 2025, Penerbit Akademia Baru. All rights reserved. -
Steering through the pandemic: narrative analysis of school leader experiences in India
The COVID ?19 pandemic has disrupted the regular functioning of schools. Transitioning to online learning posed significant challenges to all stakeholders in the educational system. The continued changes and challenges due to the pandemic require school leaders to make intuitive decisions. School leaders vision and leadership styles can considerably impact successfully managing crises and challenges. The current study looks at the lived experiences of eight school leaders working in India. The data collected using an interview guide was subjected to narrative thematic analysis. The interviews were designed primarily in an open-ended manner to captivate the story of their experiences. The results yielded an understanding of how school leaders navigated through multiple challenges such as transitioning online, attending to student needs, financial challenges adopting crisis and collaborative leadership. The results highlight various personal feelings and experiences that helped the school leaders to hold up during the crisis. School leaders lack training in crisis management, and their mental health needs are neglected. The paper calls for professional support for school leaders in managing professional and personal challenges. The article gives direction for school professionals on focus areas and requirements in Indian schools. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Steering through the pandemic: narrative analysis of school leader experiences in India
The COVID ?19 pandemic has disrupted the regular functioning of schools. Transitioning to online learning posed significant challenges to all stakeholders in the educational system. The continued changes and challenges due to the pandemic require school leaders to make intuitive decisions. School leaders vision and leadership styles can considerably impact successfully managing crises and challenges. The current study looks at the lived experiences of eight school leaders working in India. The data collected using an interview guide was subjected to narrative thematic analysis. The interviews were designed primarily in an open-ended manner to captivate the story of their experiences. The results yielded an understanding of how school leaders navigated through multiple challenges such as transitioning online, attending to student needs, financial challenges adopting crisis and collaborative leadership. The results highlight various personal feelings and experiences that helped the school leaders to hold up during the crisis. School leaders lack training in crisis management, and their mental health needs are neglected. The paper calls for professional support for school leaders in managing professional and personal challenges. The article gives direction for school professionals on focus areas and requirements in Indian schools. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Steering through the pandemic: narrative analysis of school leader experiences in India
The COVID ?19 pandemic has disrupted the regular functioning of schools. Transitioning to online learning posed significant challenges to all stakeholders in the educational system. The continued changes and challenges due to the pandemic require school leaders to make intuitive decisions. School leaders vision and leadership styles can considerably impact successfully managing crises and challenges. The current study looks at the lived experiences of eight school leaders working in India. The data collected using an interview guide was subjected to narrative thematic analysis. The interviews were designed primarily in an open-ended manner to captivate the story of their experiences. The results yielded an understanding of how school leaders navigated through multiple challenges such as transitioning online, attending to student needs, financial challenges adopting crisis and collaborative leadership. The results highlight various personal feelings and experiences that helped the school leaders to hold up during the crisis. School leaders lack training in crisis management, and their mental health needs are neglected. The paper calls for professional support for school leaders in managing professional and personal challenges. The article gives direction for school professionals on focus areas and requirements in Indian schools. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Steganography using Improved LSB Approach and Asymmetric Cryptography
Steganography deals with the craft of obscuring private data inside a spread media. In confidential data communication security is a vital issue. In this paper, we use a two-layer security. At first, data encryption is achieved by the method of RSA algorithm of asymmetric cryptography, and later the ciphered data is hidden into host image by an innovative embedding technique. To hide our ciphered data into host image, we modify the existing LSB technique and use a mapping function that ensures a secure and confidential image steganography resulting in a stego image. Here cryptography is blended with steganography and provides two level security in the confidential data transmission over the internet. 2020 IEEE. -
Stepwise hydrothermally synthesized gold nanoparticles supported copper metal-organic frameworks as an impedimetric immunosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of pancreatic cancer
Carbohydrate antigen (CA199) is a frequently used biomarker for detecting and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Early detection of pancreatic cancer remains a challenge in routine clinical analyses, including imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and computed tomography. There is an urgent urge to develop robust sensors like electrochemical immunosensors that provide low-priced and sensitive biomarker detection. A potential electrochemical immunosensor comprising Au nanoparticles supported on Cu MOF, HKUST-1 (Au@HKUST-1) on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) was developed via a one-pot stepwise hydrothermal method for the ultralow level detection of CA 199 in human serum using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). CA 199 could be detected in a wide range of concentrations, including 0.01 U mL-1 to 35 U mL-1. Au@HKUST-1/SPCE sensor displayed ultralow levels of detection of CA 199 with a limit of detection (LOD) in PBS as 0.17 U mL-1 and serum as 0.08 U mL-1. The limit of quantification of the immunosensor is 0.53 U mL-1 and 0.26 U mL-1 in PBS and serum, respectively. This work also emphasizes the ultrasensitive detection of pancreatic cancer using CA 199 biomarker in serum samples, and achieved a reliable analytical platform for the detection of CA 199 and other biomarkers. 2025 Elsevier Ltd. -
Stereotype threat and psychological wellbeing in children of prisoners
Stereotypes are ideas that one holds regarding individuals because of their membership to a specific group. The current research was undertaken to study stereotype perception and stereotype threat on the psychological wellbeing of children of prisoners. Eight children of prisoners in the age range of 17 to 25 (females = 4), whose fathers were in prison for more than a year, participated in the study. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect data from the participants and data were analyzed using thematic network analysis method. Results revealed that children of prisoners strongly perceive stereotypes against them and they conform to stereotypes. Further to this, it was found that stereotype threat had positive effects in terms of increased goal-directed behavior and negative effects in terms of reduced happiness and increased feelings of anger and sadness. These Undings are discussed in light of previous literature on the effects of stereotypes on behavior. 2019 International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences (IJCJS). -
Sterlite Technologies Ltd.: To Buy or Not to Buy is the Question
[No abstract available] -
Stiffness of a single layered cable assembly over a sheave with internal friction
The stiffness response of a single layered helical strand with a straight core surrounded by a layer of six helical wires has been made with improved relations of wire curvatures & twist and with internal friction considerations. The stranded cable undergoes a constant curvature bending over a sheave/pulley under static loading conditions and experiences the combinations of tension, torsion and bending loadings. A new analytical model has been developed for the cable in contact with the pulley/sheave using thin rod theory under linear elastic conditions. The stiffness coefficients of the cable are evaluated in free bending and constrained bending modes. The resulting wire strains are evaluated and compared with the experimental results. IAEME Publication -
Stigma among COVID-19 patients in South India-A cross-sectional study
Background: COVID-19 has a significant biopsychosocial impact on the lives of people who are infected, with the stigma associated with the illness being one of the major issues. However, the level of stigma based on demographics, gender differences, hospital-based or home-based care is yet to be explored. Hence, this study aimed to infer the level of stigma between these groups in the urban district of south India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 50 participants who were recently infected with COVID-19 and were receiving either hospital or home-based care. The stigma was assessed using a standardized questionnaire which has four domains. MannWhitney U test was conducted to analyze the data. Results: Median age is 54 years and the majority of the participants are male (74%). The mean score of enacted stigma subscale was 4.48, disclosure fear was 2.34, internalized stigma was 2.82, perceived externalized stigma was 7.32 and the total stigma mean score was 17. The perceived externalized stigma subscale was higher in males (7.57 5.96) when compared to females 6.62 5.53. Total stigma scores were higher for males 17.2 10.1 when compared to females 16.2 10.5. The total stigma score was more (17 10.3) among home isolated COVID patients as compared to hospitalized patients (16.9 10.2). Conclusion: Increased levels of stigma among COVID-19 patients have various important psychosocial implications. This study highlights the need for larger prospective cohort studies to further understand stigma in the context of COVID-19. 2022 by the Author(s). -
Stilbenes, a Versatile Class of Natural Metabolites for InflammationAn Overview
Stilbenes are polyphenolic allelochemicals synthesized by plants, especially grapes, peanuts, rhubarb, berries, etc., to defend themselves under stressful conditions. They are now exploited in medicine for their antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is the immune systems response to invading bacteria, toxic chemicals or even nutrient-deprived conditions. It is characterized by the release of cytokines which can wreak havoc on healthy tissues, worsening the disease condition. Stilbenes modulate NF-?B, MAPK and JAK/STAT pathways, and reduce the transcription of inflammatory factors which result in maintenance of homeostatic conditions. Resveratrol, the most studied stilbene, lowers the Michaelis constant of SIRT1, and occupies the substrate binding pocket. Gigantol interferes with the complement system. Besides these, oxyresveratrol, pterostilbene, polydatin, viniferins, etc., are front runners as drug candidates due to their diverse effects from different functional groups that affect bioavailability and molecular interactions. However, they each have different thresholds for toxicity to various cells of the human body, and thus a careful review of their properties must be conducted. In animal models of autoinflammatory diseases, the mode of application of stilbenes is important to their absorption and curative effects, as seen with topical and microemulsion gel methods. This review covers the diversity seen among stilbenes in the plant kingdom and their mechanism of action on the different inflammatory pathways. In detail, macrophages contribution to inflamed conditions in the liver, the cardiac, connective and neural tissues, in the nephrons, intestine, lungs and in myriad other body cells is explored, along with detailed explanation on how stilbenes alleviate the symptoms specific to body site. A section on the bioavailability of stilbenes is included for understanding the limitations of the natural compounds as directly used drugs due to their rapid metabolism. Current delivery mechanisms include sulphonamides, or using specially designed synthetic drugs. It is hoped that further research may be fueled by this comprehensive work that makes a compelling argument for the exploitation of these compounds in medicine. 2023 by the authors. -
Still Waters Run Deep: Groundwater Contamination and Education Outcomes in India
We investigate the impact of groundwater contamination on educational outcomes in India. Our study leverages variations in the geographical coverage and timing of construction of safe government piped water schemes to identify the effects of exposure to contaminants. Using self-collected survey data from public schools in Assam, one of the most groundwater-contaminated regions in India, we find that prolonged exposure to unsafe groundwater is associated with increased school absenteeism, grade retention, and decreased test scores and Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA). To complement our findings and to study the effect of one such contaminant, arsenic, we use a large nationally representative household survey. Using variations in soil textures across districts as an instrument for arsenic concentration levels we find that exposure to arsenic beyond safe threshold levels is negatively associated with school attendance. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Stir Speed and Reinforcement Effects on Tensile Strength in Al-Based Composites
This study focuses on the preparation of Al-based hybrid composites using AA7475 as the main alloy reinforced with two materials, ZrO2 and SiC. The combination of stir-squeeze processing techniques was employed to create various specimens by varying four parameters: Stir-speed, Stir-time, reinforcements, and squeeze pressure. Taguchi design was utilized to generate specimens for analyzing their mechanical properties, specifically tensile strength, hardness, and porosity.The results indicated that the highest porosity (4.44%) was observed in the L16 test, with a combination of 700rpm stir speed, 25 mins stir time, 2wt% reinforcements, and 80MPa squeeze pressure. On the other hand, the lowest porosity (2.61%) was found in the L7 test, with 800rpm stir speed, 30 mins stir time, 2wt% reinforcements, and 100 MPa squeeze pressure.Regarding tensile strength (UTS), the maximum value (285.23MPa) was achieved in the L13 experiment, while the minimum value (187.58 MPa) was observed in the L1 experiment. This variation in UTS can be attributed to the applied load, the strengthening effect of the reinforcements, and the grain size of SiC. 2024 E3S Web of Conferences -
Stirling number of the fourth kind and Lucky partitions of a finite set
The concept of Lucky k-polynomials and in particular Lucky ?polynomials was recently introduced. This paper introduces Stirling number of the fourth kind and Lucky partitions of a finite set in order to determine either the Lucky k- or Lucky ?-polynomial of a graph. The integer partitions influence Stirling partitions of the second kind. 2021 Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University.