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Understanding Teacher Work Motivation: Structural, Relational, and Emotional Predictors from India's Urban Classrooms
This study examined predictors of work task motivation among secondary-school teachers in Bengaluru, Indiaa rapidly urbanizing education context marked by diversity and workload challenges. Survey data from 756 teachers were analyzed using multiple regression models. Instructional design explained the largest variance in motivation (R2?=?25.1%), followed by affirming school environments (R2?=?23.2%) and teachers socialemotional competence (R2?=?15.2%). Key predictors included socialemotional instruction (??=?.312), cooperative learning (??=?.170), warmth and support (??=?.299), and social awareness (??=?.198). Female teachers showed stronger motivation in collaborative settings, and experienced educators benefited more from supportive climates. Findings align with OECD and UNESCO evidence emphasizing that supportive environments and structured pedagogy are central to sustaining teacher motivation and retention. The Author(s) 2025 -
Understanding the antecedents of service decisions: An integration of service promiscuity and customer citizenship behaviour
Promiscuity being casual and unrestrained towards any kind of service, the purpose of this article is to contribute to service literature by investigating the influence of customer citizenship behaviour and service promiscuity in the decision-making process in the context of public house services. This paper empirically draws a historic sum-up on the roots of service promiscuity towards the decision-making process. A questionnaire was administered to 1,509 pub customers using retrospective experience sampling technique. The proposed hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling. Results from this research yielded novel insights into the dual antecedents extending to customer decision making process through customer citizenship behaviour and service promiscuity. The findings have implications for the ongoing argumentation on the practicality of customer promiscuity, thereby broadening the theoretical understanding of 'why customers' decision-making process establishes such an efficacious effect in the service environment? Further, these new and interesting results enlighten the insights of consumer behaviour and more importantly contribute substantially to the existing knowledge of service marketing literature. The results provide managers with specific decision-making process variables and substantial service strategies. 2019 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Understanding the business model of private equity & comparative analysis of emerging economics & developed economics
Research Revolution Vol.1, Issue 6,pp.18-20 ISSN No. 2319-300X -
Understanding the determinants of financial and digital inclusion vulnerability among rural women in Odisha
Purpose This study aims to examine the degree of financial and digital inclusion vulnerability among rural women in Odisha and the factors contributing to financial and digital inclusion vulnerability. Design/methodology/approach To achieve this objective, the study gathers 400 samples from two districts in Odisha: Jagatsinghpur and Jharsuguda. Applying the Standardized Composite Index method, the study constructs two distinct indexes: the Financial Inclusion Vulnerability Index (FIVI) and the Digital Inclusion Vulnerability Index (DIVI) among the rural women of Odisha. The study further uses a multinomial logit regression model to examine how various social, economic and demographic factors influence rural women's vulnerability to financial and digital inclusion. Findings The findings specify that the financial inclusion vulnerability index for rural women is significantly lower than the digital financial vulnerability index. The regression results reveal that factors such as younger women, Scheduled Castes women, having primary education and larger family sizes increase the likelihood of financial inclusion vulnerability. Likewise, concerning DIVI, factors such as older women, women from Scheduled Castes, marital status, primary level of education and larger family sizes heighten the likelihood of digital inclusion vulnerability. Originality/value It investigates the extent of vulnerability related to both financial and digital inclusion among these women and examines the factors influencing this vulnerability in rural Odisha. Emerald Publishing Limited -
Understanding the Determinants of Happiness Among Young Adults
The volume provides a comprehensive understanding of the conceptual and practical implications of happiness. It is a synthesis of cutting-edge research and real-world strategies by authors from diverse disciplines, including psychology, sociology, philosophy, neuroscience, spirituality, education, literature, arts, and music. It offers a glimpse into the science and practice of happiness by exploring positive psychological variables such as mindfulness, emotional intelligence, physical rest, flow, bliss, psychological well-being, spiritual happiness, and workplace happiness. This volume is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the pursuit of happiness, combining rigorous scientific inquiry with practical wisdom to guide readers on their journey toward a joyful and meaningful existence. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Understanding the developmental relevance of animated cartoons: How people perceive the United Nations productions /
The mass media has emerged as one of the greatest tools and a catalyst in propelling some of the great changes in the society. Animated cartoon is one of the forms of mass media. Although often understated, mildly acknowledged and subtle in its ways, it holds the potential to make positive changes if used optimally. -
Understanding the disconnect: A study on competency of special educators in autism education in India
Special educators are at the forefront of the Indian special education system in providing tailored instruction and specialized training for students with autism. There are evidence-based strategies that exist to enhance social, communication, cognitive, and mental health skills among students with autism. However, their implementation in the classroom is inconsistent or inadequate. Globally, there is a lack of empirical data on the quality of services provided to students with autism and the competency of educators teaching them in special education schools. This brief study provides a focused review of two articles from India, analysing the responses of 95 special educators gathered through a descriptive survey to assess their perceived competence in autism education. The findings indicate that in India, the special educators have limited knowledge and inadequate skills in autism education. The results will contribute to educational change at multiple levelsindividual, institutional, and systemicto foster better outcomes for students with autism. 2025 National Association for Special Educational Needs. -
Understanding the drivers of intermittent fasting adoption in middle adulthood
Over the past decade, intermittent fasting has gained into the mainstream limelight as a prevalent method for weight management and to maintain metabolic health. However, the number of studies exploring the determinants affecting its approval, especially among individuals in middle adulthood, is still comparatively under-examined. Hence, the present study has been conducted to gain better insights about the factors influencing the adoption of intermittent fasting among middle-aged adults. By employing snowball sampling, a sample of 260 respondents was surveyed to comprehend the drivers of intermittent fasting, challenges faced in adhering to it and its impact on physiological and psychological health. Factor analysis was employed to group the factors influencing the respondents adherence to intermittent fasting into three categories: longevity-enhancing incentives for intermittent fasting, wellness incentives for intermittent fasting and cognitive enhancement incentives for intermittent fasting. In order to examine the significant differences among the ages of the respondents among the three factors, ANOVA and post-hoc test were conducted. The post-hoc test results provide insight into how motivational factors for intermittent fasting vary across different age groups. For respondents in the age group between 35 to 45 years, the post-hoc results show statistically significant differences in the first factor with the group aged 18-25 and 25-35 years, respectively at 5 % level of significance. The insights garnered from this research are contributory in understanding the factors influencing how and why individuals in middle adulthood embrace intermittent fasting practices. 2025 The Authors. -
Understanding the emerging integrated marketing communication strategies used in marketing Tamil films /
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, Vol.21, Issue 2, Ver. V, pp.33-37, ISSN: e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. -
Understanding the Experiences and Impact of Secondary Trauma and Moral Injury on the Professional Identity of Mental Health Professionals in India
Mental health professionals often encounter emotional and ethical challenges, including exposure to client trauma and complex ethical dilemmas. These situations can lead to secondary trauma and moral injury. This study examines the factors contributing to secondary trauma and moral injury and their impact on the professional identity of mental health professionals in India. A purposeful sample of 30 professionals, composed of psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and psychiatric social workers, participated in semi-structured interviews. Qualitative thematic analysis identified four key themes: vulnerabilities and emotional exposure, ethical complexities and responsibilities, balancing integrity with emotional strain, and resilience and professional growth. These qualitative themes underscore the significant challenges faced by mental health professionals in India, including emotional strain, systemic barriers, and ethical conflicts, while highlighting strategies such as coping mechanisms, professional development, and support systems to address these issues. This study provides practical recommendations for interventions aimed at addressing secondary trauma and moral injury, fostering resilience, and strengthening the professionals identity and overall well-being of professionals within the Indian context. 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Understanding the House Money Effect: A Systematic Review
The house money effect is the tendency of individuals to exhibit risk-seeking behavior after a prior gain. Individuals differentiate their perceived gains with own money. This behavioral bias influences human behavior in future decision-making. This review examines the implications of the house money effect on an individual investors financial decision-making. Our study adopts a systematic review approach to understand and extensively synthesize the existing literature. The study considered 34 articles from the Scopus database. The study provides an overview of the literature regarding theories, methodology, research opportunities, and developments in the house money effect. The study points out the situational factors influencing the house money effect and the association of the bias with other behavioral biases. This review identifies the gaps in the literature and provides directions for future research to deepen the understanding of the effect of house money on individual investors. This study builds a strong framework for future research. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on the employee's productivity and performance of the hotel industries in India: An exploratory study
The covid-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges and the hotel industry is amongst the other industry who was affected to a large extent, impacting various facets of well-being of the employees' working in the hotel industry. This research paper aims to comprehensively analyse the effect of the pandemic on hotel employees by investigating relationship between the impact of Covid 19, psychological impact, job satisfaction and turnover intention. We review the literature available about how the effects of Covid-19 Pandemic impact the employee job satisfaction as well as turnover intention. The study was carried out keeping the psychological impact of the pandemic as the mediator. We Reviewed and analyzed Scopus and ABDC listed research papers to carry out this literature review. Our results suggest that the covid-19 pandemic has impacted the turnover intention of the employee of the hotel industry, additionally the psychological impact mediates the relationship of Effect of Covid-19 pandemic with job satisfaction and turnover intention of employees. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Understanding the impact of designs in visual aids in education /
Visual aids have played a significant role in understanding various messages. Visual aids serve as multipurpose effective tool in understanding concepts that are complex in nature. Not only does visual aids serve as classroom technique in the field of education but also enable the designers to collaborate with the academicians to create deigns that would bridge the gap between study material and better understandings. -
Understanding the link between neural activity and immune function: Insights from neuropsychology and psychoneuroimmunology
This chapter investigates the intricate connections between neural activity and immune function, drawing on insights from both neuropsychology and psychoneuroimmunology. A better understanding of the role of the brain and mental health in regulating immunological responses and general wellbeing is the overarching goal. In order to determine the role of neuronal circuits and neurotransmitter systems in controlling emotional reactions and stress, we begin by going over basic ideas in neuropsychology. This chapter delves into the ways in which these brain systems influence immune function, incorporating insights from psychoneuroimmunology. It examines the mediating functions of neurotransmitters and hormones in the immune system's response to stress, among other topics. The consequences of mental health issues on immunological function, including persistent stress, anxiety, and depression, are highlighted in particular. We highlight the two way nature of the connections by discussing how changes in immune function might impact brain activity and mental health. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Understanding the Neuropsychological Profile of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and sensory processing challenges. This chapter delves into the neuropsychological profile of individuals with ASD, examining key cognitive domains such as executive functioning, social cognition, emotional regulation, and sensory integration. By exploring how these cognitive and behavioral dimensions manifest uniquely in ASD, the chapter highlights the neurobiological and neurocognitive mechanisms that contribute to the disorders heterogeneity. We also discuss the impact of cognitive deficits on adaptive behavior, learning, and daily functioning, emphasizing how individual differences shape developmental outcomes. Current research findings and clinical observations are integrated to provide a nuanced understanding of the diverse neuropsychological patterns in ASD. This chapter aims to equip clinicians and researchers into the cognitive profiles of ASD. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Understanding The Pastoral Ethnobotany in Koppal and Vijayanagar Districts of Karnataka for Sustainability
The research aimed to comprehensively explore the ethnobotanical significance and nutritional value of wild plants utilized by pastoralists in Koppal and Vijayanagar districts. The study area selection involved meticulous consideration of the geographical and ecological relevance. Determining an appropriate sample size was crucial to ensure representative data collection, achieved through systematic methodologies. Informants were thoughtfully selected to gather newlineindigenous knowledge about the diverse uses of wild plants, emphasizing their fodder, newlineveterinary, edible, and medicinal applications. Employing ethnobotanical research methods, interviews were conducted to document plant usage, elucidate their taxonomical identities, and create an extensive inventory. The collection of plants referenced by pastoralists during interviews was a pivotal step. Detailed assessments of plant categories, habits, habitats, and newlinespecific plant parts used were documented. Herbarium preparation and authentication were newlineconducted meticulously to preserve and validate the collected plant specimens. newlineComparison with ethnobotanical studies from other subtropical regions worldwide was newlineconducted using the Jacquard index, revealing similarities and differences. The evaluation of sustainable utility focused on wild edible plants, analysing their viability for long-term utilization. Furthermore, investigating the forage quality of selected wild fodder and hay supplement plants was carried out. Analysing their proximate provided insights into their nutritional value. In summary, this comprehensive research delved into ethnobotanical practices, taxonomic identification, nutritional evaluation, and sustainable utilization of wild plants among pastoral communities. The findings not only contributed to ethnobotanical knowledge but also provided valuable insights into the potential economic and ecological significance of these plants for the communities involved. -
Understanding the role of acid sites of Zinc Aluminophosphate catalysts in eco-friendly synthesis of carbamates
Aluminophosphate and metal incorporated aluminophosphates have been synthesized at ice-cold temperature by simple co-precipitation method in the absence of a templating agent. Surface and bulk properties of synthesized materials were studied by different characterization techniques. The materials were found to be X-ray amorphous. N2 adsorption-desorption studies exhibited the existence of microporous structure and uniform narrow slit type of pores on the materials. The catalytic activity of the synthesized material was tested in phosgene free synthesis of carbamates from corresponding amines and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) through a greener route. Metal incorporated Aluminophosphates indicated excellent catalytic activity compared to pure aluminophosphates. Zinc aluminophosphate catalyst exhibited 83% carbamate yield with 100% selectivity towards the formation of carbamate. The excellent catalytic activity of Zinc aluminophosphate with 94% amine conversion is attributed to its surface properties mainly moderate acid strength. The incorporated metal plays a vital role in the structural and textural properties of aluminophosphates. A systematic study was conducted to correlate the catalytic activity and surface properties of metal aluminophosphates. Reaction conditions were optimized to obtain a better yield through phosgene free eco-friendly routes using different amines. The catalyst was found to be recyclable for 5 cycles in the desired reaction without a reduction in conversion and selectivity. 2021. All Rights Reserved. -
Understanding the Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promoting Autoimmune Disorders
AMPs are small oligopeptides acting as integral elements of the innate immune system and are of tremendous potential in the medical field owing to their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. They offer a multitude of immunomodulatory properties such as immune cell differentiation, inflammatory responses, cytokine production, and chemoattraction. Aberrancy in neutrophil or epithelial cell-producing AMPs leads to inflammation culminating in various autoimmune responses. In this review, we have tried to explore the role of prominent mammalian AMPsdefensins and cathelicidins, as immune regulators with special emphasis on their role in neutrophil extracellular traps which promotes autoimmune disorders. When complexed with self-DNA or self-RNA, AMPs act as autoantigens which activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells and myeloid dendritic cells leading to the production of interferons and cytokines. These trigger a series of self-directed inflammatory reactions, leading to the emergence of diverse autoimmune disorders. Since AMPs show both anti- and pro-inflammatory abilities in different ADs, there is a dire need for a complete understanding of their role before developing AMP-based therapy for autoimmune disorders. 2023 by the authors. -
Understanding the role of corporate social responsibility in promoting brands /
Corporate Social Responsibility has been one of the primary importances given by companies. Every corporate/brand ensures proper identification, organized planning and effective implementation of a CSR activity. All these lead to one key goal, which is to create brand awareness or improve the image of a company/brand. The researcher has analysed the Corporate Social Responsibilities of two brands- Aircel and P&G. A qualitative approach has been taken by the researcher under which critical content analysis has been done to analyse the campaigns of the two brands. The two campaigns taken for the study are Aircel- Save our tigers and P&G Shiksha. -
Understanding the role of HR practices in the improvement of MSMEs in India
Human resource practices are one of the most valuable practices that help the firm to achieve a competitive advantage. With the passage of time, MSME have shown a major shift in its functioning. Employees are at the center if organizations need to climb the ladder of survival, success, and growth. The present study intends to investigate the role of HR practices in the improvement of MSME performance. The study has analyzed double- blind peer- reviewed research papers on the role of HR practices on micro, small, and medium enterprises. With the help of existing research studies, job satisfaction is identified as a mediating variable. The findings of the study suggest that HR practices directly impact employee performance and outcomes attributes. The mediating role of job satisfaction was found to be significant. Empirical results of the study are presented through reliability, correlation, regression, and mediation analysis using SPSS and HAYES PROCESS Macro software. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.