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Student engagement in online learning during COVID-19
Online teaching and learning have become the novel norm amidst COVID-19 pandemic crisis across the world. The educational institutions across the world have switched to online mode of instruction to continue to provide education. Thus, research on effectiveness of online teaching and factors affecting the students engagement in a virtual classroom has gained importance. Students during pandemic are learning at home and lack motivation and confidence in their academic life. The present study aimed to analyze the student engagement and the factors that affect the student engagement in online learning environment. The study employed a quantitative research design to collect data from 600 students attending online classes in schools and colleges of Bangalore, India. The study found that there is a positive correlation between students intrinsic motivation and student engagement. Student engagement increases as the academic pressure or tension decreases. The core findings of the study showed that interest towards learning, perceived competence, and perceived choice of students determines student engagement in online classroom. Almost 33.7 % variance in student engagement is because of students intrinsic motivation. Future researchers may explore external factors affecting student engagement. Student engagement is significant for meaningful learning in online learning environment. Italian e-Learning Association. -
Student engagement in community development: A strategy for whole-person development
Student engagement in community development has been closely linked to enhanced learning outcomes and whole-person development. The Centre for Social Action (CSA) at Christ University emerged as a student-led student-driven initiative to promote volunteerism and engagement in community development that enabled the student community to identify and work on development initiatives. The objective of the chapter is to examine the factors that influence student engagement in community development initiatives and explore the factors that motivate them to volunteer. It also looks at their perception of the benefits for the two main stakeholders in the process, namely the students themselves and the community that they work with. This chapter uses a qualitative framework, and the data is collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with current and past volunteers with CSA. The participants in the study have been selected using purposive sampling techniques and represent students who have worked on the major initiatives undertaken by CSA, namely the activity centre and the various social awareness and sensitization initiatives. The interviews and the focus group discussions have been conducted on virtual meeting platforms, and the data has been analyses thematically. The research design lends itself to a rich exploration of student perception of their engagement in community development, their motivation, the benefits that they perceive of their engagement with the activities for both themselves and other stakeholders, and how it ties into the construct of whole-person development at the individual level and whole-person education at a broader level. 2024 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Student engagement and learning during COVID-19: an empirical analysis
COVID-19 pandemic brought along with it a widespread disruption of education system around the world. Schools, colleges and universities were shut all over the world. In order to maintain the continuity of education, educators and students alike adopted the online mode of teaching and learning. While mainstream education was mostly face-to-face; a sudden shift to the online mode of teaching and learning required teachers and students to get acquainted with the platform and tools. This study attempts to test a model to understand the impact of online education on students engagement levels in the context of higher education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that access to digital resources and teacher effectiveness has positive impact on engagement and student engagement in turn has positive impact on learning outcomes. Stress has negative impact on student learning. The paper also discusses implications of the study and future direction for research. Copyright 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Student alienation and perceived organizational culture: A correlational study
It is generally expected that the students are supposed to gain an engaging and enriching experience throughout their journey of higher education. The educational institutions have to take up the responsibility to ensure that students are engaged meaningfully and are in a state of well-being. However, in the present scenario, students at colleges and universities have started to feel alienated from the campus life. Research shows that alienation levels are rising among the youth. Factors like stress, coping mechanism, restrictive parental behavior, peer pressure, academic performance, and organizational culture have an impact on alienation among the students. This study attempts to understand the relationship between student alienation and organizational culture in an educational institution. The study employed a descriptive correlational design and collected data from 600 under graduate students studying in a university. The study used student alienation scale and organizational culture assessment instrument to collect the survey data. Study revealed that there is a negative correlation between student alienation and organizational culture. There were 30% variation in student alienation is explained by different types of organizational culture. Clan culture reduces student alienation compared to hierarchy culture. The researchers urge for further research to identify ideal organizational cultures that can promote student engagement and student well-being. 2021, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Structured text programming to visualize the distribution of packages on a conveyor
Automation is a process of increasing production and reducing the downtime of any industry. With the integration of sensor data to the cloud using an OPC-VA communication protocol, the automation becomes more prominent and interesting. However, many existing industrial controllers do not support open platform communication unified architecture (OPC-VA) and it needs an IIoT device to connect the cloud. The existing programmable logic controller in any industry have to be connected to an IIoT device through Ethernet. Sensors connected to the controller will transmit the data to the IIoT device. The transmission can also be bidirectional. In this paper, a conveyor which distributes packages is simulated in Codesys and it is visualized in a human-machine interface (HMI) screen which is in-built in the software. The hardware set-up is made with the industrial controller to execute the same. A methodology to send the data from the controller to the cloud using open platform communication unified architecture (OPC-UA) is proposed 2023 IEEE. -
Structure-based virtual screening, pharmacokinetic prediction, molecular dynamics studies for the identification of novel EGFR inhibitors in breast cancer
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancy cancer types especially affecting women globally. EGFR is a proto onco gene as well as the first identified tyrosine kinase receptor. It plays a dynamic role in many biological tasks such as apoptosis, cell cycle progression, differentiation, development and transcription. Somatic mutation in the EGFR kinase domain derails the normal kinase activity and over expression leads to the progression of cancer especially breast cancer. EGFR is one of the well-known therapeutic targets for breast cancer. In this scenario, we attempt to identify novel potent inhibitors of EGFR. Initially, we performed structure-based virtual screening and identified four potential compounds effective against EGFR. Further, the compounds were subjected to ADME prediction as part of evaluation of the druggability and all the four compounds found to fall under satisfactory range with predicted pharmacokinetic properties. Eventually, the conformational stability of proteinligand complex was analyzed at different time scale by using Gromacs software. Molecular dynamics simulation run of 20 ns is carried out and results were analyzed using root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) to signify the stability of proteinigand complex. The stability of the proteinligand complex is more stable throughout entire simulation. From the results obtained from in silico studies, we propose that these compounds are exceptionally useful for further lead optimization and drug development. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Structure of molecule, density gradient, orbital locator and reactivity of 5,6-dichloro-1-cyclopentyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazole- potent inhibitor of map kinase
The present work consists of theoretical studies with the DFT technique on the benzo[d]imidazole derivative, 5,6-Dichloro-1-cyclopentyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazole, and its biological evaluation in silico. The molecule is subjected to geometry optimisation and further DFT studies in gas and solvent phases. Upon solvation with polar solvents, gradual variation in properties result. Topological analyses are performed using Multiwfn software (ELF, LOL, RDG and charge transfer) to illustrate the electron density distribution, interactions, and excitation within the title molecule. ADMETLab 2.0, PreADMET, and SwissADME online tools compute the ADMET profile. Select MAP-kinase target proteins are docked against the title molecule using AutoDock Tools and PyMOL. Discovery Studio Visualizer software is run for visualisation and result analysis of the docked ligand-protein complex. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Structure and biological properties of exopolysaccharide isolated from Citrobacter freundii
This study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization, antioxidant activity in vitro, cytotoxicity study of an exopolysaccharide isolated from Citrobacter freundii. Firstly, the culture conditions were standardized by the Design of experiments (DoE) based approach, and the final yield of thecrude exopolysaccharide was optimized at 2568 169 mg L?1. One large fraction of exopolysaccharide was obtained from the culture filtrate by size exclusion chromatography and molecular characteristics were studied. A new mannose rich exopolysaccharide (Fraction-I) with average molecular weight ~ 1.34 105 Da was isolated. The sugar analysis showed the presence of mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of nearly 7:2 respectively. The structure of the repeating unit in the exopolysaccharide was determined through chemical and 1D/2D- NMR experiments as:[Formula presented] Finally, the antioxidant activity, and the cytotoxicity of the exopolysaccharide were investigated and the relationship with molecular properties was discussed as well. 2020 Elsevier B.V. -
Structural, optical, and electrochromic properties of RT and annealed sputtered tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films for electrochromic applications by using GLAD technique
Tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films were prepared on the GLAD DC magnetron sputtering (GDMS) and substrate angles were varied from 70 to 80. The WO3 thin films were deposited at room temperature (RT) on corning glass (CG) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and substrates and annealed at 400C/2h. The XRD, UvVis spectrometer, and electrochemical analyzer were used to determine the structural, optical, and electrochromic (EC) properties. According to an XRD study, RT-deposited samples were amorphous, but annealed samples displayed crystalline structures. The optical transmittance of RT and annealed samples varied from 59 to 71% and 14 to 28% respectively. The colored/bleached ability of the cyclic voltammograms was RT samples shows greater than in annealed samples. Since the coloration ability and diffusion coefficient of WO3 RT samples show greater than annealed samples. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Structural, optical and electrochromic properties of WAW films for profound electrochromic applications deposited by DC & RF magnetron sputtering
One of the most frequently used transition conducting oxides (TCO) is indium tin oxide. Indium is very expensive because of the lack of availability. So Most of the researchers focused on cost-effective materials and they have developed Dielectric/Metal/Dielectric (DMD) structures for ITO-free applications. Examples of dielectric materials are AZO, MoO3, TiO2, and WO3. The dielectric material is sandwiched between metals such as Au, Ag, Pt, Cu, and Al. The efficacy of these DMD structures is purely based on the thickness of the dielectric and metal layers. Once the metal layer thickness is more than 15 nm, the transmittance is much less due to the thickness of the material and it will work as a reflector. Moreover, as WO3 is the most widely and frequently used material we focus on the fabrication of WO3/Ag/WO3 (WAW) for replacing TCO in the electrochromic device and making it indium-free. WAW structures are widely used in smart windows, gas sensors, solar cells, photodetectors, etc. For electrochromic applications, these WAW structures showed good transmittance, fast switching speed, best coloration efficiency, and best optical modulation in comparison to WO3/ITO structure and are also cost-effective. 2024 The Author(s) -
Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of MoS2-Based Materials for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dye
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDCs) having versatile properties and plays a great role in the photodegradation of organic dyes. MoS2 also finds applications in diverse fields such as catalysis, electronics, and nanomedicine transportation. MoS2 can be prepared by using chemical and physical methods such as hydrothermal, solvothermal, and chemical vapour deposition methods. The preparation method employed can produce subtle but significant changes in the morphology. To increase the efficiency of MoS2, it can be combined with different materials to produce composites that improve the photodegradation efficiency of MoS2. The various methods of preparation, the morphology of MoS2, and photodegradation activity of the MoS2-based nanocomposites are briefly discussed in this review. 2022 by the authors. -
Structural, luminescence and NMR studies on Nd3+-doped sodiumcalcium-borate glasses for lasing applications
In this work, Neodymium (Nd3+) -doped borate glasses were synthesised by melt-quenching method and their structural as well as optical properties were analysed through XRD, Raman, NMR, DSC, UVVisible, luminescence and decay studies for the possible application as laser gain medium. DSC and XRD results revealed that the glasses have high transition temperature and are in amorphous nature, respectively. The vibrational characteristics of the host matrices as well as the effect of Nd3+ incorporation were analysed by using Raman spectra, which exhibit majorly borate groups as supported by NMR results. The band gap energy of the glasses decreases with an increase in Nd3+ concentration. Using Judd-Oflet theory the characteristic intensity parameters (??, ? = 2, 4 and 6) were calculated and further used for calculating the various radiative parameters from the emission spectra. The emission cross-section (?em) was estimated as high as 1.15 10?20 cm2 from the FhtbauerLandenburg (FL) equation for the dominant 4F3/2?4I11/2 (1056 nm) transition. The effect of Nd3+ concentration on the lifetime of the 4F3/2 luminescent level was analysed from the decay curve analyses. From which, the corresponding quantum efficiency (?) was estimated and found as high as 54%. The investigated result suggests the prepared glasses can be utilized as gain medium to generate laser at around 1.05 ?m. 2020 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. -
Structural Relationship between Cognitive Image, Destination Personality and Tourists Motivation
This research work was an extract from a major research on understanding personality and image of destination. This portion of research intended to identify a theoretical model consisting of cognitive destination image, destination personality traits and tourists motivation in destination branding context and to validate it hypothetically. This research was carried out in Coimbatore District an emerging destination in Tamil Nadu, India between 2018 and 2019. Flourishing erratic tourism industrys scenarios and the need for academic research blended as the motive for this for this model-based study. Evidence was found in the literature that tourists belief about the destination, touristsmotivation and perceived destination personality traits were found interrelated. Thus, the theoretical model was found. For validating the proposed model, a questionnaire confirmed through pilot study containing the required study variables was circulated to the tourists who visited the destination for tourism purposes. With the sample size as 448 after screening and eliminating the illegible responses, three stage process of analysis that include Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling had been performed. The conceptual model was validated and found that there existed the interrelationship between touristsperceived cognitive image, perceived personality traits of the destination and tourists motivation to tour. Marketers of destinations were suggested to use the model for formulating branding and marketing activities. The scope for further research was pointed out on expanding the research model with other destination perspectives considering the outcome as base. Copyright IJHTS. -
Structural modification of electrophilic group substituted phenyldiazenyl derivatives for antitubercular application
In the present work, four electrophilic group substitute phenyldiazenyl derivatives were synthesized using an electrophilic substitution reaction. The physicochemical analysis was carried out using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and HR-MS data. The photophysical studies were carried out using theoretical methods. Density functional theory was employed to illustrate the electronic and optical characteristics of the synthesized compounds. The HOMO-LUMO energies were theoretically computed in different solvents using Gaussian 09W software and results are compared with the experimental values. The molecule PT4 shows highest bandgap of 4.497eV. Further, the global chemical reactivity descriptors were used to determined nature of chemical reactivity. The anti-tubercular activity was evaluated using invitro and molecular docking techniques and results reveal that barbituric acid coupled with phenyldiazenyl displayed excellent anti-tubercular activity compared with the standard Gentamycin. 2024 Indian Chemical Society -
Structural investigation, spectroscopic and energy level studies of Schiff base: 2-[(3?-N-salicylidenephenyl)benzimidazole] using experimental and DFT methods
The Schiff base 2-[(3?-N-salicylidenephenyl)benzimidazole] (Spbzl) was characterized by FT-Raman, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Crystallographic studies reveal the presence of two water molecules in the asymmetry unit which aid the intermolecular hydrogen bonding with imidazole ring, and the trans-conformation of the azomethine bond. Theoretical computations conducted using density functional theory (DFT) analysis support the experimental facts. Energy levels estimated by DFT studies are in good agreement with the values obtained from cyclic voltammetry technique. Frontier molecular orbital analysis shows that charge transfer has taken place from donor to acceptor moiety, which is also supported by the high hyperpolarizability values in both gaseous and solution phases, indicating high charge transfer capability of the molecule. A comparative theoretical study of Spbzl with derivative 4-((3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenylimino)methyl)-3-hydroxybenzoic acid (Pbzlb) having an added anchor group COOH substituted at para position in the acceptor ring has been made. The result shows the feasibility of charge transfer to the semiconductor surface in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications for Pbzlb. 2017 Elsevier B.V. -
Structural investigation of higher order members of bismuth system superconductors
Structural formation of higher order Bismuth superconducting compounds Bi1.65Pb0.35Sr2Ca4Cu5Oy (2245) phase and Bi1.65Pb0.35Sr2Ca8Cu9Oy(2289) phase were investigated. The samples were synthesized by solid state reaction technique. Morphological and micro-structural features of the synthesized samples were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The XRD of both the samples revealed the presence of Bismuth - (2212)& (2223) phases of which (2223) phase was found to be the predominant. The average grain size was found to be around 65 nm. Traces of Ca2PbO4 was also noticed when the samples were synthesised at 835 C. Superconducting transition temperature (TC) of the samples measured by self-inductance method, showed a two-step transition, one around 110 K and the other around 90 Kindicating the presence of (2223)&(2212) phases respectively. But the TC value observed for (2212) phase is about 10 K more than the expected value of 80 K. There was no signature of the formation of (2245) or (2289) phases in this synthesis. -
Structural investigation of discrete solvent protonated vanadium and other transition metal complexes of N-[(E)-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide, synthetic, spectroscopic and cytotoxicity studies
A new ligand 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde benzoic hydrazone (H2ESB) and its copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II), zinc(II), and dioxidovanadium(V) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UVVis and EPR studies. Copper(II) complex (2) contains 2,2?-bipyridine as a coligand. Aroyl hydrazone and its copper and vanadium complexes were characterised by single crystal XRD. The vanadium compound crystallized in triclinic space group P1- and copper compound in orthorhombic space group P212121. The solvent molecule DMF protonates to form ammonium ion in vanadium complex which neutralises the charge on the vanadium ion. Both complexes copper and vanadium show distorted square pyramidal geometry. From EPR results, spin Hamiltonian and bonding parameters were calculated. The g values in copper complexes indicate the presence of the unpaired electron in the dx?y orbital. In vitro cytotoxicity studies of aroylhydrazone and its complexes showed that copper, cobalt and vanadium complexes are more cytotoxic than hydrazone and other complexes against Dalton's lymphoma ascites cells (DLA). 2019 Elsevier B.V. -
Structural investigation of Cr2CTx/NiFe2O4 MXene composite as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting
The electrocatalytic water splitting offers great potential as an environmentally friendly and sustainable method to produce hydrogen and oxygen, the former serving as a renewable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. MXene, a novel two-dimensional (2D) layered class of materials, has gained enormous attention as an electrocatalyst for water splitting. This versatile material can be tailored to enhance its electroactive surface sites and stability toward electrocatalytic performance. Herein, we have designed a 2D hybrid material, Cr2CTx/NiFe2O4, via an in-situ hydrothermal approach. NiFe2O4 spheres decorated on layered-Cr2CTx are subjected to analysis using XRD, FTIR, TGA, XPS, FESEM, HRTEM-SAED, and optical profilometry. The synthesized hybrid MXene material shows outstanding activity for overall water splitting compared to Cr2CTx and NiFe2O4. Cr2CTx/NiFe2O4 exhibits an overpotential of 144 mV and 159 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm?2 for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions, respectively, and achieves a cell potential of 1.69 V for overall water splitting. This study reveals valuable insights on bi-functional 2D hybrid MXene materials for electrocatalytic water splitting. 2024 Elsevier B.V.