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Optical Character Recognition system with Projection Profile based segmentation and Deep Learning Techniques
Optical character recognition is the solution to convert text from printed or scanned documents into editable data. This project is aimed at building a Optical character recognition system that recognizes digital text. A document is first detected using contour-based detection technique without altering the angle of the image and is segmented into lines, once the lines are segmented the words embedded in them are extracted. This segmentation is done using projection profiling method. Characters are then segmented words with vertical projection profiling from the extracted words. These characters are fed into an image recognition model for recognition. The recognition model is CNN based deep learning model. Modified VGG16 architecture is used here to extract maximum features from the images and then classify them. To train the model a dataset is created from a repository of digital character dataset. The dataset consists of images of 153 font variants. 2022 IEEE. -
A study of Autoregressive Model Using Time Series Analysis through Python
A Time-series investigation is a simple technique for dividing information from reconsideration perceptions on a solitary unit or individual at ordinary stretches over countless perceptions. Timeseries examination can be considered to be the model of longitudinal plans. The most widely used method is focused on a class of Auto-Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) models. ARMA models could examine various examination questions, including fundamental cycle analysis, intercession analysis, and long-term therapy impact analysis. The model ID process, the meanings of essential concepts, and the factual assessment of boundaries are all depicted as specialized components of ARMA models. To explain the models, Multiunit time-series plans, multivariate time-series analysis, the consideration of variables, and the study of examples of intra-individual contrasts across time are all ongoing improvements to ARMA demonstrating techniques. [1] 2022 IEEE. -
State-of-art Techniques for Classification of Breast Cancer: A Review
Cancer is an unexpected and unclear disease that puts many people at risk. Breast cancer has surpassed prostate cancer as the most common cancer in women, as well as the main cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Breast cancer rates have been rising in India for several years, with 100,000 new cases recorded each year. In India, there are up to one million breast cancer patients at any given moment. The survival rate of breast cancer has increased in recent years as a result of advances in technology, effective treatment, and medical care delivery. It extends the lives of the sufferers and improves their quality of life. Breast cancer can be detected using a variety of imaging methods. Radiologists can utilize a computer-aided diagnostic technique to discover and diagnose irregularities earlier and more quickly. Many Computer-Aided Diagnosis methods have been developed to identify breast cancer in its early stages using mammography images. The computer aided diagnostics systems mostly focus on identifying and detecting breast nodules. Staging breast cancer at its detection needs to be focused on, as the treatment is based on the stage of cancer. As a result, this study focuses on producing evaluations on computer aided diagnostics approaches for segmenting nodules and identifying different stages of breast cancer, thereby assisting radiologists in assessing the illness. 2022 IEEE. -
Revolution of the Indian Agricultural Landscape using Machine Learning and Big Data Techniques: A Systematic Review
The world of Big Data has been rapidly expanding into the domains of Engineering and Machine Learning. The biggest challenge in the Big Data landscape is the incompetence of processing vast amounts of data in a time-efficient manner. The agriculture domain has so long only relied on traditional method for yield prediction. This can be bettered by using novel Machine Learning techniques and innovative thinking. The study provides the review of most of the techniques already implemented in the ML, Big Data and Agriculture domain- traditional and modern- while focusing on highlighting the difference in accuracy between the traditional methods and the more advanced methods. 2022 IEEE. -
Design of Reconfigurable Filter Structure Based on FRM for Wideband Channelizer?
A reconfigurable FIR bank of filters are essential for digital channelizer in wideband system. FRM is a extensively used method to generate a sharp transition width sub-bands or channels for digital channelizer. The aim of this work is to design multiple non-uniform sharp transition width FIR bank of filters with reduced number of multipliers and group delay for wideband channelizer. The design parameters of the proposed structure are evaluated in an efficient way. The proposed structure is designed based on FRM filters and exponential modulation (EM) technique. The performance of the proposed structure is illustrated with the help of an example. Result shows that the number of multipliers of the proposed structure is less compared to other existing techniques. 2022 IEEE. -
Influence of heat treatment on the tensile and hardness characteristics of friction stir weld joints of dissimilar aluminium alloys
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state low energy input welding technique. Most capable of joining very high strength alloys, which are finding wide range of applications in automobile and aerospace components. The current research focuses on the influence of post weld heat treatment on mechanical properties of friction stir weld joints of AA 7075 and AA 5052 dissimilar aluminum alloys. The trial experiments have been carried out using design of experiments (L16 Orthogonal Array) and the optimized process parameters have been selected based on the maximum hardness and the corresponding ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Further, the friction stir welding is accomplished with optimized process parameters (L9 Experimental trial) viz., the feed rate of 100?mm/min, tool rotational speed of 1200?rpm, tool offset of (-) 0.5?mm and using a cylindrical taper pin tool profile. The post heat treatment has been carried out on the friction stir weld joints obtained using the optimized parameters and the mechanical properties of the L9 Heat Treated (L9 - HT) and L9 - Non Heat Treated (L9 - NHT) specimens have been compared. The results shows that the post heat treated weld joints have higher micro hardness and tensile strength compared to the non-heat-treated weld joints. This is majorly attributed to recrystallization and elimination of voids due to the change in the microstructure of the weld joint. 2022 Author(s). -
Modelling and CFD simulation of vortex bladeless wind turbine
When the forces act on a bluff body in the wind flow direction, vortices are formed. Vortex bladeless wind turbine oscillates as a result of the vortices generated due to VIV. When the vortex shedding frequency is nearer to the natural frequency of the structure, maximum amplitude of vibration occurs and coincidentally power is generated. 3D models are designed to stimulate flow at a Reynolds number of 50000. This paper focuses on modelling the bladeless wind turbine based on semi-vortex angle and also 1) to study the vortices pattern and vorticity of different models 2) to study the drag and lift coefficients. In this paper vortex turbine is designed with certain parameters of dimension in Solid Edge and CFD analysis is carried out in Simscale software. Different model performance parameters like power, natural frequency and coefficient of power are compared among different models to opt for the best vortex bladeless wind turbine design. 2022 Author(s). -
The design and analysis of helical cross - Axis wind turbine
Environmental conditions such as high turbulence, low wind speed, and persistent changes in oncoming wind direction can minimize the performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT). Some specific vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) designs can work fine in these rare functioning conditions but still, they pose an occasional power coefficient. So a unique design of a helical cross-axis wind turbine (HCAWT) was modeled which will operate under multiple wind directions such as horizontal wind stream and vertical wind stream from the underside of the turbine. The HCAWT consists of three helical vertical blades and six horizontal blades arranged in cross-axis orientation for enhancing its performance and self-starting behavior. The obtained analysis study results show that the power generated by the HCWAT was improved when compared to the Straight-Bladed VAWT. Both the turbines were placed at height of 100, 150, 200 & 250?mm in the simulation study, coefficient of power (Cp) achieved by HCAWT was 0.43, 0.52, 0.48, and 0.51 at an RPM of 554, 512, 474 and 449 respectively whereas in the case of Straight-Bladed VAWT was 0.15, 0.18, 0.13 and 0.23 at an RPM of 179, 189, 212 and 233 were obtained. 2022 Author(s). -
INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP VARIATIONS IN WAYFINDING AMONG USERS IN AN EDUCATIONAL BUILDING
The effective performance of users in an Educational Building is determined by the available resources and also the environment in which they dwell. Wayfinding is a daily occurrence for every user of an academic institution and this is facilitated through the distinct articulation of different spaces and recognizable circulation systems. The user behavior in a known/unknown building varies as an individual and with a group of individuals. This variation can be observed in an enclosed space and public setting. For an individual, the psychological state could influence navigating within the building whereas, for a group of individuals, the group dynamics could influence each other to navigate. The paper uses mixed methods to understand and assess the individual and group variations in wayfinding. The study was undertaken in a recently constructed School of Architecture at CHRIST University, Bengaluru. The understanding was accomplished with elaborate literature studies and the assessment was through the field observation techniques and surveys carried out with identified users like frequent individuals, new individuals, frequent groups, and new groups.The study tells that for both individuals and groups, the parameters like architectural elements, sensorial qualities, wayfinding behavior, gender, and psychological state influence them in wayfinding. It was also noted that most of the student users prefer shortcuts rather than the formal entance and lobby to navigate the classrooms. Accomplishing easy, comfortable, and efficient wayfinding within an educational building requires effective layout planning. These findings aim to contribute to the detailed understanding of effective layout planning in an educational building and its impact on user behavior for architects and decision-makers. ZEMCH Network. -
Simulation study of droplet formation in inkjet printing using ANSYS FLUENT
Flow simulations of jetting of inkjet drops are presented for water and ethylene glycol. In the inkjet printing process, droplet jetting behaviour is the deciding parameter for print quality. The multiphase volume of fluid (VOF) method is used because the interaction between two phases (air and liquid) is involved in the drop formation process. The commercial inkjet printer has a nozzle diameter of ~73.2?m. In this work, a simulation model of inkjet printer nozzles with different diameters 40?m, 60?m, and 80?m are developed using ANSYS FLUENT software. It is observed that when water is taken as solvent then the stable droplets are generated at 60?m nozzle diameter till 9?s because of its low viscosity. For higher diameter, the stamen formation is observed. Ethylene glycol stable droplets are achieved at 80?m nozzle diameter till 9?s because of their high viscosity (~10 times that of water). Along with the droplet formation, the sustainability of the droplet in the air before reaching the substrate is also important. The simulation model is an inexpensive, fast, and flexible alternative to study the ink characteristics of the real-world system without wasting resources. 2022 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Green Innovation for Sustainable Development
In recent years, organisations have notably taken up Green Innovation for sustainable development to maintain the customer base and keep the natural environment safe. Consumers are aware of the current environmental issues, such as global warming and the consequence of environmental pollution. As a result, organisations are demanding to craft green strategies and embryonic to advance holistic methods towards maximising shareholders' values. This paper attempts to provide valuable insights into the going green concepts and their association with the value creation in the automobile industry regarding the e-vehicle by examining the effects of green innovations in Mahindra Electric Mobility Limited, India towards the launching of Mahindra e2oPlus on the Reva platform. Furthermore, the authors analyse the performance of this innovation on the organisational financial performance with the help of event study methodology. 2022 IET Conference Proceedings. All rights reserved. -
ANALYSING THE SAFETY OF A CAMPUS USING SPATIAL SYNTAX
Everybody has been in campus environments and academic buildings at some point in their lives. The layout of these structures is crucial because it influences how a person behaves and presents themselves. The use of space syntax enables us to examine how individuals behave in relation to their surroundings and how places are used. The nature of the space and the way people move through it have improved because of the application of space syntax in campus planning.A primary concern is safety, this paper is devoted to comprehending how various user groups navigate across a university. Here, we'll be looking at how students move around and behave in relation to how safe they feel on campus. Each user group's paths, nodes and gathering places will be recorded and we'll confirm both the original puiposes and the current uses of the spaces. Additionally, several maps will be created to support the study that the campus is a safe place to be, including axial mapping and analysis mapping, convex mapping and grid analysis mapping. This with a combination of survey shall be used to understand safety with respect to space syntax. ZEMCH Network. -
EVALUATING THE ELEMENTS IN THE RECREATIONAL SPACE OF AN INSTITUTION
The concept of 'Recreation' justifies the human need for satisfaction, leisure, and a state of pleasure. The elements involved in a recreational space impact the activities of the user in that space. Recreational spaces act as the in-between sojourns for formal pedagogy or andragogy. Spaces of recreation are essential, especially in educational institutions, where students spend most of their time. Public, semi-public, and private spaces are all included in the institutional design, with a large percentage used by students. Open public spaces, including recreational places, are measured in terms of their physical characteristics and connections to nature. The components of a recreational area influence the activities that users engage in there. This paper seeks to list and assess the many components that are present in a recreational space. This study will evaluate those elements and their types. Informal outdoor areas or other breakout areas promote interaction and provide the students with refreshments and leisure. The focus of this paper is to draw out the quality of leisure space synonymous with a productive environment for the student, where they feel rejuvenated. Five recreational spaces of CHRIST University were studied, and the elements that combine to form this place were also observed. A survey among the students who are frequent users of these spaces was conducted, and their responses were evaluated. The elements that majorly help students go to a place were assessed, and the element's significant role was concluded. The result of this study to design professionals is to understand the need to incorporate recreational spaces while designing an educational institution and design a student-oriented space. ZEMCH Network. -
Systematic Literature Review on Industry Revolution 4.0 to Enhance Supply Chain Operation Performance
Industry 4.0 is a notion in which industries automate systems and processes, innovate digitally, and share information. It aims to obtain a smart factory in an attempt to lessen required time in responding to consumer demand or unexpected circumstances and to enhance organizational productivity. The integration of Industry 4.0 and supply chain management (SCM) ensures immense development opportunities for manufacturing firms. This article provides a systematic literature review and formulation of the existing research on Industry 4.0 in SCM, resulting in some intriguing analyses that will be useful to academics and industry, particularly top managers. The content of the article is classified into three categories: exploratory vs. confirmatory, qualitative vs. quantitative, and management level vs. technology level. The findings will benefit managers in understanding the significance of Industry 4.0 and its relationship with SCM. The formation of clusters and their affiliations has resulted in the emergence of new areas requiring managerial attention. The article concludes by examining the possibilities of the present and future research. 2022 ACM. -
A review of buoyancy driven underwater gliders
In the past few years, several techniques and approaches have been developed by researchers for the ocean survey. An autonomous underwater vehicle primarily known as the glider is vastly used for oceanographic study and survey. With the help of these vehicles now it possible to have a study on the effects of pesticides, metal, biological toxins, or chemicals on the living organisms of the sea. Additionally, monitoring of threats such as biological weapons, radioactive leakage, and detection of mines is a very important parameter for keeping safety in check. Considering these parameters autonomous vehicles primarily known as glider are vastly used by oceanographers as they are relatively inexpensive, reusable, and have long mission durations. Such vehicle uses advanced sensors to perform automated monitoring and fast data acquisition. Since their inception in the 1980s, there have been considerable developments that have led to the augmentation of scientifically and commercially focused products. A comprehensive analysis of various underwater gliders and their working principle has been done here, emphasizing their architecture and working capabilities. 2022 Author(s). -
Stalling angle predictions of symmetric aero foil by flow analysis
The computational examination of the 2D subsonic stream over a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0012 airfoil at different approaches is done in an ANSYS R14.5 software. The stream elements are acquired by computing the fluid stream conditions of coherence and energy, momentum conservation with the K- model. The present investigation is fundamentally significant, ascribed to the way that the considered aero foil creates lift by moving rapidly through the air, and the examination of the flow over aero foil helps in execution assessment of the flight of the aero foil. In the current work, for a given stream speed with the aero foil set at an approach to the airstream, a pressure gradient among upper and lower wing surfaces exists, which involves the generation of lift, and the lift generated increases up to a certain angle of attack, beyond which the lift decreases, this particular point gives rise to stalling. The distinction in these pressing factor is very important to understand the effect of angle of attack on the lift of the wing. Consequently lift is a significant aspect to be evaluated for stalling angle predictions. The steps associated with assessment of the lift includes forecast of stalling angle at different flow conditions over a symmetric aero foil by modeling the NACA0012 aero foil using the co-ordinates provided by the NACA database and henceforth bringing in it to the ANSYS work bench for meshing, preprocessing followed by the interaction of post processing for different angles of attack. 2022 Author(s). -
Performance Improvement in E-Gun Deposited SiOx- Based RRAM Device by Switching Material Thickness Reduction
A performance improvement by reduction in switching material thickness in a e-gun deposited SiOx based resistive switching memory device was investigated. Reduction in thickness cause thinner filamentary path formation during ON-state by controlling the vacancydefects. Thinner filament cause lowering of operation current from 500 ?A to 100 ?A and also improves the reset current (from >400 ?A to <100 ?A). Switching material thickness reductionalso cause the forming free ability in the device. All these electrical parametric improvements enhance the device reliability performances. The device show >200 dc endurance, >3-hour dataretention and >1000 P/E endurance with 100 ns pulses. 2022 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Design and optimization of the process parameters for fusion deposition modelling by experimental and finite element approach
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is a rapidly evolving technology since the last couple of years. This method is also used for rapid prototyping, which uses layer on top of layer deposition of the material using hot extruders to build a given 3D model. 3D printing technology basically a tool-less process designed specifically to avoid assembly requirements with intricate geometry and complex features created at no extra cost and at the same time it is an energy-efficient technology that can provide environmental efficiencies in terms of both the manufacturing process and material utilization. This research primarily focuses on analyzing the critical process parameters and its influence on the properties of the components made out of FDM process. The FDM specimens are fabricated by using four factors (parameters) at three levels, and the factors are layer thickness, travel speed of the extruder, infill ratio, and infill density. The experiments are designed based on Taguchi L-9 orthogonal array. Total three responses are considered and they are tensile strength compressive strength and flexural strength. Taguchi analysis has done to optimize the factors and its levels. Finite element analysis has also done and compared with the experimental results. 2022 Author(s). -
The impact of Covid-19 on global upstream and downstream supply chain management activities
COVID-19 pandemic has affected thousands of people worldwide; with significant economic changes in the past and to the changes to be made for future. Many organisations especially; The Intergovernmental economic organisation (OECD - The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) warned the companies and industries on the global economic cut, the corona virus will be boarding. The global economy and international markets pitched down with the spread of corona virus spreading from China which is the world's second largest economy to other countries including Asia; Europe; Australia; Europe; America and the Middle East. Many economies came up with many policies to prevent the further spread of this virus; including restrictions on travel and quarantines; which has disrupted international supply chains affecting a lot of business operations and dwindle revenues. About 75 percent of business including Wholesale; Manufacturing; Retail and Services in China and about 51,000 companies have this impact at a global level according to data from Dun and Bradstreet. The success or failure of every Business depends on how well they manage their supply chain management activities. The impact of corona virus on supply chain activities is twofold. One is; Upstream Supply chain management where companies should monitor the backward integrated activities in procuring the inventory; which has accommodated a loss in the production because of closure of factories and a slowdown in the economy. Second is; Downstream Supply chain management where the intermediaries and middlemen face a lot of problems because of scarcity in inventory and many quarantine measures taken by many economies. Many disruptions in both Upstream and Downstream Supply chains lead to severe scarcity of inventory which was experienced globally by all the economies. This situation has made many economies to think of the inter connectivity and inter dependency among global nations in terms of supply chain. This article is aimed to highlight the effects and changes COVID-19 pandemic has brought in the supply chain industry from both Upstream and Downstream perspective. 2022 Author(s). -
Model independent approach to photodisintegration of 7Li at the range of energies of interest to BBN
One of the elements that was synthesized primordially in the standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis is lithium. Lithium, being fragile gets easily destroyed at relatively low temperatures in the mixing process between stellar surface and hot internal layers. So that, at the end of the stellar lifetime the lithium content is believed to be depleted. Series of experimental measurements on lithium isotopes were carried out at High Intensity Gamma Ray Source (HIGS) at Duke Free Electron Laser Laboratory. More recently experiments [1]-[2] were performed, to measure the differential cross section of the photo-neutron reaction channel in photodisintegration of 7Li, where the progeny nuclei is in the ground state as well as in excited states. The purpose of present contribution is to study the reaction channel 7Li + ? ? 6Li + n using linearly polarized photons.The model independent irreducible tensor formalism [3]-[5] will be used to study the differential cross section of the reaction. We study the angular dependence of differential cross section by expressing differential cross section in terms of legendre polynomials. In view of the several theoretical and ongoing experimental studies, a detailed theoretical study of the spin structure of the amplitudes in 7Li+ ? ? 6Li+ n and their expansion in terms of'electric' and 'magnetic' amplitudes is needed to analyze the measurements of spin observables as well as differential cross section, which leads to a better understanding of the problem at astrophysical energies. 2022 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.