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An exposition on complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and a case report; [??????? ?????? ?????????????????? ? ??????????: ??????????? ??????]
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is a rare X-linked sexual development condition typified by 46,XY karyotype, presence of external female genitalia along with intra-abdominal testes in labia majora or inguinal ring region. This syndrome results from alterations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene leading to primary amenorrhea and uterine agenesis (Mlerian agenesis) in adolescent teens or two-sided labial/inguinal hernia with testes in children around prepubertal age. Our paper reports a case of CAIS in a 16-year-old woman with no menarche and 46,XY karyotyping. Gonadectomy results showed hyperplasia of Leydig cells. The current research encompasses the case report and the available knowledge to date on the understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and management of CAIS. 2025 IRBIS LLC. All rights reserved. -
SHRINKAGE ESTIMATION OF THE TTT OF THE LOMAX DISTRIBUTION UNDER PROGRESSIVE TYPE II CENSORING
Shrinkage estimation is a robust procedure that integrates an unbiased estimate with the current estimate using a weighted factor. Several weighted factors dynamically adjust the shrinkage factor based on the sample size and censoring proportion, ensuring that the method tailors the shrinkage to the available data rather than applying a constant factor. Despite certain real-world application limitations, the Lomax distribution exhibits flexibility as a tail-behaviour modelling technique, making it particularly suitable for reliability and survival analysis. The present study focuses on estimating the shape parameter of the Lomax distribution using PTII censored sampling within the framework of the shrinkage estimator method. Shrinkage estimators are derived based on constant and shrinkage weight factors under different weight functions. These depend on the base estimates sample size, bias, and variance to shrink the current estimate. The performance of these estimators is rigorously evaluated through a Monte Carlo simulation study. 2026 Pushpa Publishing House, Prayagraj, India. -
Towards a Tribal Literary Criticism in India: Engaging Northeast Tribal Voices in English Literature
This article formulates and applies a tribal literary criticism to the tribal voices of Northeast India articulated in English literature. It moves beyond prevailing literary paradigms that have traditionally marginalised indigenous worldviews and viewpoints by adopting indigenous-tribal epistemologies and a decolonial approach. By applying tribal knowledge through close readings of selected tribal literary texts produced by tribal writers from the Northeastern regions of India, the study explores key concepts such as community, land, identity, and ecology, rooted in the tribal holistic worldview of the God-world-human continuum. Relying on tribal worldviews, oral traditions, memories, storytelling, and lived experiences, indigenous-tribal interpretative tools offer alternative frameworks. Furthermore, the study validates tribal ways of knowing and expands the field of literary criticism by including diverse epistemic traditions. 2026, Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. All rights reserved. -
SUPPLY CHAIN ENTRAINMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A STUDY IN CONTEXT OF MANUFACTURING SECTOR; [SYNCHRONIZACJA ?A?CUCHA DOSTAW A WYDAJNO?? ORGANIZACYJNA: BADANIE W KONTEK?CIE SEKTORA PRODUKCYJNEGO]
The manufacturing industry is growing more complex and dynamic, demanding a deeper insight into the factors that promote synchronization and boost productivity. In this context, the emerging concept of Supply Chain Entrainment (SCE), which promotes the synchronisation and alignment of processes, activities, and flow across the supply chain, can lead to sustainable growth. This study investigates the impact of SCE on Organizational Performance (OP) within manufacturing organizations. Specifically, it examines how synchronizing measures between supply chain partners influence performance outcomes. This study employs partial least squares structural equation modeling to analyse the effects of SCE facilitators on supplier collaboration, information exchange, and process integration. Additionally, the moderating role of technology adoption on the SCE-OP interrelationship has been studied, acknowledging its crucial influence in today's rapidly evolving digital landscape. The results support a positive effect of supplier collaboration, information sharing, and process integration on SCE and underscore that these are essential factors in accomplishing a harmonized and efficient supply chain. Furthermore, the study provides a direct and meaningful relationship between SCE and OP. This highlights the strategic importance of a supply chain that has been well-entrained in the overall success of the organization. This focus on technology adoption enhances the study's relevance and offers valuable insights for managers operating in the current business environment. The findings from the study contribute valuable knowledge to academicians and industry practitioners, deepening our understanding of manufacturing supply chain dynamics and effective management strategies. 2025, Czestochowa University of Technology. All rights reserved. -
The hybrid workplace: Contribution of autonomy in subjective well-being among employees in the banking, financial services and insurance sector; [????????? ??????? ?????: ????? ????????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ? ???????????]
Purpose. Amid the increasing importance of subjective well-being in shaping employees work outcomes, especially amidst growing health concerns and the adoption of hybrid work models, HR practitioners are actively seeking effective strategies to enhance employee well-being. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a scale for assessing autonomy in hybrid work, and subsequently, investigate the potential impact of autonomy on the subjective well-being of employees. Methodology. Data were gathered from employees working in the Banking, Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI) sector in Bengaluru, India in the form of a survey from a sample size of 440 employees. Devellis methodology was followed for the scale development and multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings. Autonomy in hybrid work positively related with employee well-being, with location autonomy (31.4%) being a significant contributor to this positive association followed by scheduling autonomy (17.4%) and time autonomy (7%). However, the dimension of decision-making autonomy did not show a significant relationship with subjective well-being. Research implications for practice. This research assists decision-makers in understanding the ramifications of different forms of work autonomy on workforce well-being and grasping the evolving landscape of organizational psychology. Researchers can utilize the developed scale to scrutinize autonomys effects on diverse employee outcomes, such as productivity and job satisfaction across various industries and countries, thereby augmenting the scales generalizability. Originality. The literature review indicates that there is no prior study conducted in India or any other country within the evolving context of hybrid work similar to the present study. 2025 National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University). All rights reserved. -
Loneliness and Psychological Distress among Female School and University Students in India: Mediating Role of Coping Style, Social Support and Resilience
Loneliness and psychological distress are major psychological health issues among the student community because of social and continuously increasing academic pressure. Female students are vulnerable to these challenges, with a risk of severe mental health issues. In the present study, we aimed to examine loneliness and psychological distress among female students in India, assessing how social support, coping style, and resilience mediate these effects. Through a web-based survey, 687 responses were collected from female students across various educational institutions, including high school (n=292) and college/university (n=395) students in India. Standardized tools were used to gather data on resilience, psychological distress, coping styles, social support, and loneliness. The findings revealed moderate levels of resilience and psychological distress among the participants. The coping style scores indicated a general trend toward effective coping mechanisms. A higher level of social support was observed than a moderate level of loneliness. While coping style had a minimal mediating influence, resilience and social support were significant mediators of the association between loneliness and psychological distress. This study highlights the psychological experiences of female students in India and makes a significant contribution by providing empirical evidence on the unique roles of protective factors such as resilience and social support against psychological distress and loneliness. These findings are crucial in promoting a targeted mental health framework and support systems for students in similar contexts, reinforcing the need for a holistic approach to student mental health. 2025 The Authors. Turkish Journal of Counseling Psychology and Guidance is published by Turkish Psychological Counselling and Guidance Association -
Is There a Dark Side to Work Passion? Insights on Well-Being and Performance in the Evolving Knowledge Economy
Purpose: Work passion (WP) inspires employees to discover more profound meaning and fulfilment in their careers. However, is there a dark side to WP? This paper aimed to explore the answer to this question and test the mediating role of employee well-being in the relationship between WP and perceived performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: We employed a quantitative survey method, and 107 executive-level leaders, referred to as CXOs, participated. We administered the WP Scale, developed by Vallerand et al. (2003), further modified to suit the workplace by Ho et al. (2011), the Employee Wellbeing Scale developed by Pradhan and Hati (2019), and the Perceived Performance Scale developed by Karneli et al. (2015) for collecting data. We used Process MACRO (Model 4) for mediation analysis. Findings: The conclusions of the study indicated that while obsessive passion (OP) had a negative impact on workers well-being, harmonious passion (HP) had a positive influence on employee well-being. Both HP and performance, as well as OP and performance, were mediated by well-being. HP positively impacted performance, while performance was negatively impacted by OP. Practical Implications: The findings have numerous advantages for executive-level leaders, allowing them to strengthen employee well-being and organizational performance. They should first concentrate on creating a positive environment at work that encourages an HP. Second, the adverse impacts of OP on performance and well-being can be minimized by using programs designed to promote mental health, such as stress management tools and wellness initiatives. Originality/Value: This paper added to the body of research and knowledge by distinguishing between the different types of consequences (both positive and negative) of WP on employee well-being and performance. Organizational leaders, particularly CXOs, can gain insights from the papers contributions regarding the significance of creating a supportive work environment that maximizes HP and prevents obsessive behavior. 2025, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Career Resilience and Advancement: A Research Note on Women in Indian IT
Purpose: The representation of women in the Information Technology (IT) industry in India is higher than in other sectors. However, many women leave the industry after five years of employment. Organizations are concerned about the gender gap in leadership positions within this sector. The paper suggested that career resilience (CR) is a strategic method for retaining and advancing women in IT professions. Methodology/Approach: The paper employed an interpretive synthesis approach. Literature from peer-reviewed sources on CR, career development, and career advancement of women professionals was reviewed. Findings: The synthesis of literature highlighted the role of CR in improving women's continued participation in the industry. The findings suggested building resilience through organizational interventions as a way forward to creating a more gender-equitable workforce. Practical Implications: The strategies presented are practical and feasible for IT organizations to create a more inclusive workspace. These strategies are designed to empower organizations to take meaningful steps for an equitable workforce. Originality: The paper presented a comprehensive approach to sustaining and advancing women in the IT industry in India. 2025, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Influence of Financial Attitude and Financial Socialization on Investment Behavior of Women
Women generally avoid risk when investing, often preferring traditional options such as bank fixed deposits and gold. This behavior limits their participation in NTI, like stocks and mutual funds, which typically offer higher long-term returns. Purpose: The paper discussed how financial attitude (FA) and parental financial socialization (PFS) affected the non-traditional investment behavior (NTIB) of Indian women. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study used a quantitative research design, with an online survey administered to 403 working Indian women aged 2555 years. Data was collected through convenience sampling and analyzed using SPSS 23. Findings: FA related to interest and deliberative spending significantly influenced womens non-traditional investment behavior. Parental financial behavior (FB) and direct financial teaching also had a positive impact, whereas financial anxiety and parental role modeling did not exhibit a significant influence. Practical Implications: The results emphasized the need for financial institutions and policymakers to implement targeted financial education programs, as well as for parents to provide proactive financial education, to increase the level of non-traditional investment among women. Originality/Value: The research contributed to the family financial socialization theory by providing empirical data on the joint effect of FA and PFS on the NTIB of Indian women. 2026, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Financial Literacy and Fintech : A Double-Edged Sword for Millennial Investors Behavioral Biases
Purpose: The current research focused on investigating the moderating effect of financial literacy and financial technology on the heuristic behavior of millennials. Research Approach: The research was based on the primary data; a survey method questionnaire was prepared to collect the data needed for the present research. With the purposive sampling method, 526 responses were collected from millennial investors. The partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method was applied to infer the moderating effect of financial literacy and financial technology on millennials heuristic behavior. Findings: The results showed that financial literacy significantly moderated the relationship between millennials heuristics and behavioral biases, whereas financial technology had no moderating effect. Research Implications: Millennial investors were slammed or benefited by the stock market performance. The research aimed to help them understand their behavioral changes during market anomalies. Financial advisors and regulatory bodies should consider the studys outcome as it contributes to mitigating the misconception of behavioral bias. Originality: There are numerous articles describing individual investors behavioral biases, but the current researchs uniqueness was to measure the moderating effect of financial literacy and financial technology on millennials heuristics and behavioral biases and a significant contribution to the world of research in behavioral finance. 2025, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Banking Dynamics and Economic Growth in India: Unveiling the Interplay of Key Performance Indicators
Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the influence of bank performance on economic growth. We proposed a framework of banking variables to gain a holistic picture. Design/Methodology/Approach: To identify the causal relationship, we ran cointegration tests and vector autoregression (VAR). In addition, we used the impulse response function test. This helped in analyzing the response of GDP growth to banking shocks. Findings: We identified that banking variables like domestic credit (DC), return on equity, and capital adequacy ratio can stimulate economic growth. Long-term and short-term influence of banking performance on economic growth. Improved performance of banks can translate to economic growth. Our results also indicated that well-capitalized banking, high return on equity, and increased credit access were critical drivers of GDP growth. Practical Implications: This research offered important insights into the role of banking performance in influencing economic growth. We recommended that policymakers implement measures to improve capital adequacy, enhance profitability, and increase credit flow for sustained economic success and development. Originality/Value: This study added to existing research by examining how banking performance influenced economic growth in a developing context. Unlike prior studies that focused mainly on advanced economies, our analysis centered on India, offering evidence from an emerging financial system and providing context-specific insights. 2025, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. -
STUDY OF THE LINEAR AND NONLINEAR REGIMES OF NATURAL CONVECTION WITH WEAK OR DOMINATING INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION FOR RIGID-FREE BOUNDARIES
The paper presents the linear and non-linear regimes of natural convection in the presence of uniform internal heat generation for rigid-free boundaries. A linear stability analysis followed by nonlinear stability analysis is carried out for using a novel procedure. The eigenvalue of the two problems are different. The first one has Rayleigh number based on internal heat generation as the eigenvalue while the second, which is of the classical Bard type, has a buoyancyRayleigh number. The critical Rayleigh number in both problems is initially determined using the single-term Galerkin method, followed by a refinement of the value by the Maclaurin series method. The findings indicate that the system becomes stable with increasing values of the porous parameter and the Brinkman number. The percentage relative error in the eigenvalue obtained by the single-term Galerkin method relative to that obtained by the Maclaurin series method is presented. In the second natural convection problem, we have two Rayleigh numbers, viz., the weak internal Rayleigh number, RI, and the external Rayleigh number, Ra. The effect of RI on Rac is to reduce it in the case of a heat source and increase it in the case a of heat sink. Additionally, conditions facilitating the transition from Brinkman Bard convection to DarcyBard convection are presented. The GinzburgLandau equation is obtained for both the problems and the scaled Lorenz model is derived in the case of second problem. The solution from the GinzburgLandau equation is used to plot for the amplitude and results are illustrated. 2025 by Begell House,. -
A STUDY ON PERFECT ITALIAN DOMINATION OF GRAPHS AND THEIR COMPLEMENTS
Perfect Italian Domination is a type of vertex domination which can also be viewed as a graph labelling problem. The vertices of a graph G are labelled by 0, 1 or 2 in such a way that a vertex labelled 0 should have a neighbourhood with exactly two vertices in it labelled 1 each or with exactly one vertex labelled 2. The remaining vertices in the neighbourhood of the vertex labelled 0 should be all 0s. The minimum sum of all labels of the graph G satisfying these conditions is called its Perfect Italian domination number. We study the behaviour of graph complements and how the Perfect Italian Domination number varies between a graph and its complement. The NordhausGaddum type inequalities in the Perfect Italian Domination number are also discussed. 2025, Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved. -
Memes and Marketing: What the social media users have to say?; [Memes e Marketing: O que os usuios das redes sociais t a dizer?]
This study delves into the nascent field of memesunits of cultural transmissionfocusing on their potential applications, notably to the field of marketing. The research highlights the prevalence of brands creating meme content to engage with the public, but notes a dearth of comprehension regarding user responses to such content. The study employs semi-structured interviews to gauge social media users' awareness and receptiveness to brand-generated memes. Information was collected from thirty people residing in India. The sample consisted of people from Generations X (1965 1980), Generation Y (Millennials) (1981 1995), and Generation Z (1995 Present). Following a Grounded Theory approach, a textual analysis categorizes participants based on shared responses, utilizing the Theory of Diffusion of Innovations to understand the adoption of new content. The objective of the paper is to analyze individuals' attitudes towards memes and classify them into distinct categories, such as early adopters, those uncomfortable with memes, indifferent individuals, or late adopters. The theory identifies distinct user categories, shedding light on how various segments of society embrace innovations. The study aims to enhance marketers' understanding of meme reception, offering insights and recommendations for evolving this form of marketing into a more effective and entertaining practice. This Article is Distributed Under the Terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en. -
Impact of Restrictive Trade Policies, Channel Conflict and Uncertain Business Environment on Marketing Channel Satisfaction in FMCG Sector
Purpose: This study examines the influence of restrictive trade policies, channel conflict, and uncertain business environments on marketing channel satisfaction in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector. It explores how external policy interventions and environmental volatility shape channel dynamics and satisfaction levels. Design/Methodology: A structured questionnaire was administered to channel members in the FMCG sector in Kerala. Data were analyzed using correlation and regression techniques to assess the direct effects of restrictive trade policies and channel conflicts. Data from 189 wholesalers and 262 retailers in Kerala in the FMCG Sector, was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: The results indicate that restrictive trade policies and channel conflicts significantly and negatively impact channel satisfaction. Additionally, the uncertain business environment exacerbates these negative effects. Practical Implications: The findings provide actionable guidance for both policy-makers and marketing channel managers in the FMCG sector. Conclusions: This study contributes to marketing channel literature by integrating policy, conflict, and environmental perspectives into a single framework. It underscores the importance of understanding how macro-level restrictions and uncertainties interact with micro-level channel dynamics in shaping satisfaction, particularly in emerging market contexts. This study is very relevant in the field of distribution science. The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://Creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Impact of Goal Divergence, Unbalanced Dependence and Miscommunication on Marketing Channel Satisfaction
Purpose: Marketing channel satisfaction is a critical factor influencing the efficiency and long-term sustainability of distribution networks. However, conflicts arising from goal divergence, unbalanced dependence, and miscommunication often disrupt channel relationships, affecting overall satisfaction levels. This study examines the impact of these three conflict-inducing factors on marketing channel satisfaction, drawing insights from empirical research conducted in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. FMCG sector is considered as the barometer of any economy because of its wide reach to both the urban and rural market. Research design, data and methodology: Using a structured survey and statistical analysis, the study identifies the extent to which goal misalignment, power imbalances, and communication breakdowns contribute to dissatisfaction among channel members. Results: The findings highlight that goal divergence leads to reduced cooperation, unbalanced dependence fosters opportunistic behaviour, and miscommunication exacerbates misunderstandings, collectively diminishing channel satisfaction. The study contributes to the literature on channel conflict management and offers practical implications for businesses seeking to enhance collaboration, trust, and efficiency in their marketing channels. Conclusions: The study explores how the marketing channel members like distributors, wholesalers and retailers can reduce distribution channel conflict and enhance marketing/distribution channel satisfaction. This is still important even though online selling and e-commerce has become the order of the day. This study is very relevant in the field of distribution science. The Author(s) This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://Creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Enhancing Angle Modulation Using Fractional Calculus: Theory and Performance Analysis
Angle modulation originally forms part of the backbone of the telecommunication and signal processing, where current studies are being carried out to improve its susceptibility to noise interference. This paper aims to analyze the possibility of the application of fractional calculus for optimization of angle modulation, as a requirement for development of enhanced and flexible communication networks. The main purpose of this study is to design and model new angle modulation technique which are Fractional Phase Modulation (FPM) and Fractional Frequency Modulation (FFM) by using fractional calculus. A generalized form of angle modulation and an introduction to the use of fractional calculus was proposed and a mathematical analysis of FM and FFM detectors was done. In evaluating the findings, the interaction between the fractional order of ? and some performance parameters like Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Figure of Merit (FoM) was also considered. It has been shown that FPM and FFM detectors also show high SNR and FOM performance, and when ? is replaced. The FPM detector demonstrated a steady trend and increased from SNR 0 to 1 when the ? was diverse, while the FFM detector had a huge increase in SNR from ?=-0.9 to 0. These results indicate that the angle provides additional benefits in partial stones, signaling purity and system flexibility for the modulation technique. Thus, the ability to achieve better stability in communication for modulation techniques indicates the ability to achieve better stone purity and system flexibility for modulation techniques. Since partial order ? can be adjusted to fit the application, the proposed method shows interesting applications in many communication settings, especially when the signal is noisy or dynamic. 2025, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics. All rights reserved. -
Accentuated bioavailability of bioactive compounds in foods by nanotechnology-based delivery approaches
One of the perennial problems faced by the food industry is the poor bioavailability of nutrients, arising generally due to lowered solubility or inadequate absorption by the gastrointestinal tract. Nanotechnology-based encapsulation techniques have shown to significantly enhance the bioavailability of various food bioactive compounds. Targeted delivery of specific nutrients to specific organs, low toxicity, maximization of nutrient uptake, extended release of nutrients, and enhanced texture and flavor are the major advantages of such systems, a few of which are discussed in this review. In keeping with these pertinent paradigms, the current review also highlights how food nanotechnology-based delivery systems ensure efficient bioaccessibility of dietary compounds that otherwise cannot be maximally achieved under in vivo conditions or by using biopolymer-based encapsulation. However, as with any technology, this also comes with its own set of drawbacks and lacunae, which are also presented in the current review. With the surge in global population, emphasis should be placed on optimizing bioavailability of vital food nutrients, catering to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2 and 3. In a global landscape, a collaborative effort from regulatory bodies, consumers, and manufacturers will enable satisfactory, efficient, and safe commercialization of nanotechnological delivery systems for functional foods and bioactives. 2026 Codon Publications -
Stability and durability studies on platinum-decorated CNTs electrocatalyst synthesized via microwave-assisted polyol method for PEM fuel cell
In this study, an efficient and viable microwave-assisted polyol route was adopted to decorate Pt nanoparticles on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT). Carbon corrosion tests were conducted on bare CNT (T), functionalized CNT (f-T), and commercial carbon (Vulcan XC-72R); our results indicate that f-T have the highest resistance toward corrosion, indicating its high stability in corrosive environments. The cyclic voltammetry curves were obtained before and after 5000 cycles by subjecting the electrocatalyst to harsh potential cycling; our test results imply that Pt/CNT are more durable when compared to commercial Pt/C. Then, fuel cell studies comprising Pt/CNT as cathode electrocatalyst was studied, and the results showed enhanced performance (maximum power density: 384 mW cm?2) for Pt/f-T than commercial Pt/C (367 mW cm?2) in Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell, indicating the potential use of carbon nanotubes as support in PEM fuel cell. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Materials Research Society 2025. -
Impact of inclusive recreational and life-skill activities on physical, personal care, and communication skills of students with intellectual disability
Background and Study Aim Students with intellectual disabilities (SwID) often face challenges in interpersonal communication, personal hygiene, and motor development, hindering their social integration and independence. Physical activity and socialization are key factors for improving these areas, but traditional fitness programs often do not address the specific needs of SwID. This study aims to determine the effect of Inclusive Recreational and Life-Skill Activities (IRLSA) on SwID, specifically in their physical abilities, personal hygiene, and interpersonal communication. Material and Methods The study used a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control group design. Forty male students with mild intellectual disabilities were selected from special schools and academies in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Their age was 15.9 1.42 years, height 157.52 8.32 cm, weight 57.57 7.72 kg, and BMI 23.15 2.04. Participants were selected based on their ability to follow basic instructions and the absence of severe medical conditions restricting movement. They were divided into two groups: a control group (n=20) that continued their daily routine and an experimental group (n=20) that participated in 16 weeks of inclusive recreational and life-skill activities. The training sessions focused on cardiovascular endurance, physical strength, flexibility, personal hygiene practices, and communication skills. Pre-and post-intervention measures were conducted using standardized tests. Results The experimental group showed significant improvements compared to the control group (p < 0.05) in all measured parameters: cardiovascular endurance (6-min walk test: p=0.001), flexibility (Sit and reach: p=0.001), muscular strength (lower body) (Sit-to-stand: p=0.007), muscular strength (upper body) (5 kg medicine ball throw: p=0.002), personal care and safety (Comprehensive assessment tool: p=0.001), and communication and interpersonal skills (p=0.001). In contrast, the control group showed minimal or no improvements in these variables (p > 0.05), reinforcing the need for structured interventions. Conclusions The study demonstrates that IRLSA significantly enhance physical fitness, personal care, and communication skills among SwID. The structured, peer-supported approach fosters holistic development and social inclusion. These findings advocate for the systematic integration of IRLSA into educational and therapeutic programs to promote functional independence and well-being in this population. Dharmalingam Yuvaraj, Govind Premkumar, Mani Aravindh, Manamkandath Mohamedprince, Kombath Asaraf Rinsha, 2025.