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Estimation of spectroscopic parameters and TL glow curve analysis of Eu3+-activated CaY2O4 phosphor
The solid-state reaction method was utilised to create a down-conversion phosphor in an air environment in CaY2O4:Eu3+ nanocrystalline material. The calcination temperature was set at 1000 C, and the sintering temperature was set at 1300 C. Following annealing, confirmation of the crystallinity quality of the phosphor was accomplished by the use of X-ray diffraction analysis. The particle size was predicted to be 43.113 nm using Scherrer's formula. To produce down-conversion luminescence spectra, an excitation wavelength of 247 nm was applied with a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The PL got increasingly intense as the concentration of the dopant increased. The maximum intensity was measured at 2.0 mol% of Eu3+ ion, which gradually decreased as the concentration increased because of concentration quenching. To analyse spectrophotometric peak determinations, the approach developed by the Commission Internationale de l'lairage (CIE) was used. Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve analysis of the CaY2O4:Eu3+-doped phosphor manufactured here revealed a wide TL centred at 225 C, which comprised of so many peaks that may be extracted by the computerised glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) approach using glow-fit software. The associated kinetic parameters were then determined. The prepared phosphor may be useful for application in various display devices upon excitation by 247 nm; the prominent 613 nm peak of the Eu3+ ion (5D0 ? 7F2) electric dipole transition features a red component. CaY2O4:Eu3+ phosphors show promise as materials for potential use in phosphor-converted white LEDs in the field of solid-state lighting technology. The linear connection that the TL glow curve has with UV dose provides evidence for its possible use in dosimetry. 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Estimation of secured wireless sensor networks and its significant observation for improving energy efficiency using cross- learning algorithms
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have as of late been created as a stage for various significant observation and control applications. WSNs are continuously utilized in different applications, for example, therapeutic, military, and mechanical segments. Since the WSN is helpless against assaults, refined security administrations are required for verifying the information correspondence between hubs. Because of the asset limitations, the symmetric key foundation is considered as the ideal worldview for verifying the key trade in WSN. The sensor hubs in the WSN course gathered data to the base station. Despite the fact that the specially appointed system is adaptable with the variable foundation, they are exposed to different security dangers. Grouping is a successful way to deal with vitality productivity in the system. In bunching, information accumulation is utilized to diminish the measure of information that streams in the system. 2021 by IGI Global. -
Estimation of Ground-State and Singlet Excited-State Dipole Moments of Substituted Schiff Bases Containing Oxazolidin-2-one Moiety through Solvatochromic Methods
Absorption and fluorescence studies on novel Schiff bases (E)-4-(4-(4-nitro benzylideneamino)benzyl)oxazolidin-2-one (NBOA) and (E)-4-(4-(4-chlorobenzylidene amino)benzyl)oxazolidin-2-one (CBOA) were recorded in a series of twelve solvents upon increasing polarity at room temperature. Large Stokes shift indicates bathochromic fluorescence band for both the molecules. The photoluminescence properties of Schiff bases containing electron withdrawing and donating substituents were analyzed. Intramolecular charge transfer behavior can be studied based on the influence of different substituents in Schiff bases. Changes in position and intensity of absorption and fluorescence spectra are responsible for the stabilization of singlet excited-states of Schiff base molecules with different substituents, in polar solvents. This is attributed to the Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. In case of electron donating (?Cl) substituent, ICT contributes largely to positive solvatochromism when compared to electron withdrawing (?NO2) substituent. Ground-state and singlet excited-state dipole moments of NBOA and CBOA were calculated experimentally using solvent polarity function approaches given by LippertMataga, Bakhshiev, Kawskii-Chamma-Viallet and Reichardt. Due to considerable ?- electron density redistribution, singlet excited-state dipole moment was found to be greater than ground-state dipole moment. Ground-state dipole moment value which was determined by quantum chemical method was used to estimate excited-state dipole moment using solvatochromic correlations. Kamlet-Abboud-Taft and Catalan multiple linear regression approaches were used to study non-specific solute-solvent interaction and hydrogen bonding interactions in detail. Optimized geometry and HOMO-LUMO energies of NBOA and CBOA have been determined by DFT and TD-DFT/PCM (B3LYP/6-311G (d, p)). Mulliken charges and molecular electrostatic potential have also been evaluated from DFT calculations. 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York. -
Estimation of ground state and excited state dipole moments of a novel Schiff base derivative containing 1, 2, 4-triazole nucleus by solvatochromic method
A novel schiff base derivative containing 1, 2, 4-triazole moiety (NBTMPA) has been synthesized from 4- [1, 2, 4] triazol-1-ylmethyl-phenylamine and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in the presence of glacial acetic acid in an ethanolic medium. The absorbance and fluorescence spectra of (4-nitro-benzylidene)-(4- [1, 2, 4] triazol-1-ylmethyl-phenyl)-amine (NBTMPA) were recorded in various solvents to investigate their solvatochromic behaviour. Dipole moments of the two electronic states of NBTMPA were calculated from solvatochromic spectral shifts. These were correlated with the refractive index (n) and dielectric constant (?) of various solvents. Theoretical calculations were performed to estimate the excited state dipole moment on the basis of different solvent correlation methods, like the Bilot-Kawski, Bakhshiev, Lippert-Mataga, Kawski-Chamma-Viallet and Reichardt methods. The dipole moment in the excited state was found to be higher than that in the ground state due to a substantial redistribution of electron densities and charges. Using a multiple regression analysis, the solvent-solute interactions were determined by means of Kamlet Taft parameters (?, ?, ??). Computational studies were performed by Gaussian 09 W software using a time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) in order to calculate the atomic charges and frontier molecular orbital energies in the solvent phase. The calculations indicated that the dipole moment of the molecule in an excited state is much higher than that in a ground state. The chemical stability of NBTMPA was determined by means of chemical hardness (?) using HOMO-LUMO energies. The reactive centres in the molecule were also identified by molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) 3D plots as a result of a TDDFT computational analysis. 2015 Elsevier B.V. -
Estimating Function Approach for Modelling Non-Gaussian Time Series
In this study, an effective technique for estimating parameters of autoregressive models with non-Gaussian errors has been presented. For non-Gaussian error distributions, classical techniques like maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) are found to be computationally intractable. To address this issue, an estimating function (EF) technique has been utilized, which effectively estimates the model parameters by taking advantage of the error structure. Specifically, AR(1) with logistic errors has been used, and the optimal estimating functions have been derived by constructing martingale-based estimating equations tailored to logistic errors. A hybrid AR(1)-ANN model has also been developed to integrate the strengths of both linear AR(1) and nonlinear ANN models. The robustness and efficiency of the pro-posed approach in parameter estimation have been investigated using simulations, comparing its mean squared error (MSE) and bias to those of MLE. The applicability of this approach has been further demonstrated using both simulated and real datasets. The results show that, in the presence of non-Gaussian errors, the EF method provides a computationally efficient and reliable alternative to classical estimation methodologies. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Esther reimagined: feminist essence in Sara Josephs narrative
Gynocentric approaches to biblical women uncover narratives of liberation and empowerment. These perspectives highlight the gaps and omissions in the representation of women within the overarching metanarrative of the Bible. Sara Josephs novel, Esther, serves as a feminist reimagining of the biblical story of Esther, offering a pluralistic lens through which to examine the experiences and lives of women against the backdrop of patriarchy. This paper utilises the feminist hermeneutic method to critically engage with the narrative, drawing on the feminist frameworks established by scholars such as Elizabeth Fiorenza and Esther Fuchs. It argues that biblical women can be reinterpreted as positive role models, saviours, heroines, and vital contributors to an extraordinary narrative of survival and redemption. 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Esther reimagined: feminist essence in Sara Josephs narrative
Gynocentric approaches to biblical women uncover narratives of liberation and empowerment. These perspectives highlight the gaps and omissions in the representation of women within the overarching metanarrative of the Bible. Sara Josephs novel, Esther, serves as a feminist reimagining of the biblical story of Esther, offering a pluralistic lens through which to examine the experiences and lives of women against the backdrop of patriarchy. This paper utilises the feminist hermeneutic method to critically engage with the narrative, drawing on the feminist frameworks established by scholars such as Elizabeth Fiorenza and Esther Fuchs. It argues that biblical women can be reinterpreted as positive role models, saviours, heroines, and vital contributors to an extraordinary narrative of survival and redemption. 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Establishment of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. callus and optimization of cell suspension culture for the production of anti-Parkinsons drug: L-DOPA
It has become a huge challenge to satisfy the emerging demand for levo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), an anti-Parkinsons drug in the international drug market. This is attributed to the conventional methods of extraction from the natural sources of Mucuna spp., which has a low germination rate, less viable seeds, and an irritating, itching trichomes on the pods. The need for an alternative method with continuous supply of L-DOPA without affecting the natural biodiversity has been achieved through in vitro procedures. However, there has not been a systematic approach to optimize the cultural conditions for the maximum productivity. Hence, in this study, we aim at optimizing the cultural conditions for high biomass and L-DOPA production. Various plant growth regulators such as auxins (indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, picloram [Pic], naphthalene acetic acid, and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), cytokinins (kinetin, benzylaminopurine, 2-isopentenyl adenine, and thidiazuron), and their combinations have been experimented to figure out the best combination to induce callus. At the same time, various factors such as growth kinetics, different media (MS, Gamborgs-B5, Chus-N6, and Nitsch and Nitsch), media strength (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0X), effect of different macro elements and their strength (0, 0.5,1, 1.5, 2, and 3X), inoculum density, different hydrogen ion concentration (pH), ammonium/nitrate concentration, different sucrose concentrations (010%), and other carbon sources have been investigated in detail for optimizing the cell suspension culture. It was found out that 0.5 mg/L Pic gave the best results for callus induction. With respect to biomass, 6-week growth period (135.7 g/L fresh weight [FW]), 1.0X MS media (126.87 g/L FW), 1.5X magnesium sulfate (266.3 g/L FW), ammonium/nitrate ratio of 21.57/18.8 mM (131.4 g/L FW), pH of 6.0 (129.47 g/L FW), 100 g/L of inoculum (222.2 g/L FW), 3% sucrose concentration (125.6 g/L FW), and 3% glucose (183.4 g/L FW) as other carbon sources were found to give the highest biomass. In terms of L-DOPA production, 3-week growth period (5.90 mg/g dry weight [DW]), 0.5X B5 medium (4.27 mg/g DW), 2.0X calcium chloride (5.06 mg/g DW), ammonium/nitrate ratio of 21.57/18.8 mM (3.44 mg/g DW), pH 6.5 (4.02 mg/g DW), inoculum density of 30 g/L (4.79 mg/g DW), and 2% sucrose (5.17 mg/g DW) resulted in a higher L-DOPA yield. 2022 Rakesh and Praveen. -
Establishing the effectiveness of intervention module on positive youth development among adolescent in India
Purpose: Positive Youth Development (PYD) originated in the west as a pragmatic approach to teaching youth skills and attributes to develop into healthy, productive, and engaged adults. This approach proposes that youth with more developmental resources experience increased academic success, better economic prospects, are more civically engaged, and experience optimal well-being and functioning in the long term. Over time, the need for administering evidence-based interventions was felt by practitioners, researchers, and policymakers. With this background and the absence of research in PYD in India, the present research was carried out to develop and test an intervention module for its effectiveness in bringing about a positive change among youth. Approach: The present research is quantitative in nature with pre-test post-test control group design. The PYD intervention program included activities, non-profit visits, community building exercises, and mentoring programs, creating self-actualizing youth. The paper deliberates on the findings of a six-month interventional program based on the Six Cs model of Learner (2005). Findings: The independent sample t-test was significant, for overall PYD, t (98) = 3.45, p <. 001. and on all the dimensions of PYD, indicating that intervention was effective as there are statistically significant differences among experimental and control groups. Value: The intervention was experientially positive for the students, valued, and commended by the school authorities. The paper recommends enhancing psychological intervention research in school settings, including multiple approaches to address holistic student development, facilitating peer relationships and mentoring, developing resources, and enhancing growth opportunities. 2021 RESTORATIVE JUSTICE FOR ALL. -
Establishing the Cornerstones of Ethical AI in Education
Establishing the cornerstones of ethical AI in education is essential for fostering an inclusive and equitable learning environment. Ethical AI can enhance personalization, improve access to resources, and empower educators with data-driven insights. Key principles include transparency, accountability, fairness, and privacy. Transparency ensures that AI algorithms are understandable and their decisions are explainable, allowing educators and students to trust the technology. Accountability involves clear guidelines on who is responsible for AI's actions and decisions. Fairness seeks to prevent biases that can adversely affect marginalized groups, ensuring equal opportunities for all students. Privacy is crucial to protect sensitive data and safeguard students' rights. Educators, policymakers, and technologists must collaborate to establish frameworks that prioritize these ethical foundations, promoting responsible AI integration. By embedding these cornerstones into the educational system, we can harness AI's potential while safeguarding the rights and dignity of all learners. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Establishing a service composition framework for smart healthcare system
As the idea of location awareness has already matured and numerous applications are flooded in today s word, the logical next step reasons out, to context-awareness. Though the idea of context-awareness has been in the newlineresearch field for close to two decades, the recent advancement in Internet of Things has brought a more compelling thrust in its research. Sensor networks integrating billions of sensors and actuators will be prevalent in the near future producing big data. Filtering and analysing this data with the contextual information will yield more significant results. But deducing the newlinecontext information itself poses many challenges and unresolved research problems. Context-awareness systems involve acquiring, analysing, reasoning the data and composing the services for suitable action. Service newlinecomposition either by orchestrating or choreographing technique has been deployed in certain applications, however, each domain requires unique methodology. Healthcare has always been the top priority when it comes to newlineapplying novel technologies. Applying context-awareness computing in the healthcare service sector is of paramount importance. newlineThe problem context for this research lies in a cardiology speciality hospital s Intensive Therapy Unit or the post-surgery recovery ward which has lot of scenarios emanating that involves course of actions to be delivered by the healthcare professionals depending on the context. Depending on newlinemere human service may not be adequate. With the available advancements in technologies, it would be possible to leverage optimum service in that time critical situations, provided technology can sense the changes in context and act accordingly. The course of actions to be taken involves an amalgamation of understanding the location, presence availability, relevance of and coordination among various departments, machines and personnel. This can be summarized as Response with Context-Awareness . newline -
Establishing a service composition frame work for smart healthcare system
As the idea of location awareness has already matured and numerous applications are flooded in today???s word, the logical next step reasons out, to context-awareness. Though the idea of context-awareness has been in the research field for close to two decades, the recent advancement in Internet of Things has brought a more compelling thrust in its research. Sensor networks integrating billions of sensors and actuators will be prevalent in the near future producing big data. Filtering and analysing this data with the contextual information will yield more significant results. But deducing the context information itself poses many challenges and unresolved research problems. Context-awareness systems involve acquiring, analysing, reasoning the data and composing the services for suitable action. Service composition either by orchestrating or choreographing technique has been deployed in certain applications, however, each domain requires unique methodology. Healthcare has always been the top priority when it comes to applying novel technologies. Applying context-awareness computing in the healthcare service sector is of paramount importance. The problem context for this research lies in a cardiology speciality hospital???s Intensive Therapy Unit or the post-surgery recovery ward which has lot of scenarios emanating that involves course of actions to be delivered by the healthcare professionals depending on the context. Depending on mere human service may not be adequate. With the available advancements in technologies, it would be possible to leverage optimum service in that time critical situations, provided technology can sense the changes in context and act accordingly. The course of actions to be taken involves an amalgamation of understanding the location, presence availability, relevance of and coordination among various departments, machines and personnel. This can be summarized as ???Response??? with ???Context-Awareness???. The primarily task is to sense the context and then determine and locate the relevant services, which are distributed in the World Wide Web, to achieve a goal situation as a solution to the problem. In order to deliver such a solution we need to develop an exclusive context-aware framework. The existing frameworks will not be adequate to meet such a demanding situation and hence, the research problem is to evolve a comprehensive service composition framework for smart healthcare systems. In order to solve this problem, a use-case approach was followed. After identifying an appropriate use-case, the solution was first modelled using Automata. The concept of service automata and timed automata were fused to deliver a timed-service automaton which is appropriate to model and test the framework and algorithm for service composition. As a solution to the research problem, a composition based framework of a context-aware smart healthcare system has been presented. It will guide software developers to deploy services for critical healthcare, under the umbrella of Service Oriented Architecture. The matured concept of Automata has been tweaked to present novel timed-service automata which will enable service composition precisely for meeting the time constrained demands of modern healthcare service requirements. It has been tested with UPPAAL verification tool for validity and concurrency. A prototype has been implemented to study the validity of the established framework. Apache JMeter tool was used to test the strength of the services and engine developed based on the proposed algorithm for effective service composition. -
Essentials of Neuropsychology: Integrating Eastern and Western Perspectives
This comprehensive textbook offers a holistic integration of both the research and clinical aspects of neuropsychology. Combining Eastern and Western perspectives, it explores latest developments, current scope, and significant challenges in the field to provide a detailed understanding of brain and behavior from research and intervention methods to rehabilitation and applications. Each chapter in the book includes an introduction to the topic, an overview of the latest research in the field, and a discussion of the future directions that research can take. The book is structured into three parts, each addressing specific aspects of the field. Part 1 introduces the readers to the fundamental principles of neuropsychology, including the available methods of assessment, brain anatomy, and its connection with human psychology. It provides an indepth look at neuropsychological and electrophysiological methods and their applications in clinical practice. Part 2 focuses on the brain and cognition, examining the complex mechanisms that underlie cognitive behavior. The chapters include neuropsychology of various executive functions, memory, and social cognition. Part 3 delves into clinical disorders and their biological basis. This section explores the disorders that have a direct relationship between brain functioning and behavior, offering valuable insights into their diagnosis, treatment, and management. It is an essential resource for both students in clinical neuropsychology and professionals seeking to expand their knowledge and stay abreast of the latest developments. 2024 K. Jayasankara Reddy. -
Essential Oil from Coriandrum sativum: A review on Its Phytochemistry and Biological Activity
Essential oils are hydrophobic liquids produced as secondary metabolites by specialized secretory tissues in the leaves, seeds, flowers, bark and wood of the plant, and they play an important ecological role in plants. Essential oils have been used in various traditional healing systems due to their pharmaceutical properties, and are reported to be a suitable replacement for chemical and synthetic drugs that come with adverse side effects. Thus, currently, various plant sources for essential oil production have been explored. Coriander essential oil, obtained from the leaf and seed oil of Coriandrum sativum, has been reported to have various biological activities. Apart from its application in food preservation, the oil has many pharmacological properties, including allelopathic properties. The present review discusses the phytochemical composition of the seed and leaf oil of coriander and the variation of the essential oil across various germplasms, accessions, at different growth stages and across various regions. Furthermore, the study explores various extraction and quantification methods for coriander essential oils. The study also provides detailed information on various pharmacological properties of essential oils, such as antimicrobial, anthelmintic, insecticidal, allelopathic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, and hepatoprotective properties, as well as playing a major role in maintaining good digestive health. Coriander essential oil is one of the most promising alternatives in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 2023 by the authors. -
Essential employable skill sets in management graduates for finance job roles in India
Purpose: There has been an increase in the number of highly qualified management graduates specialized in finance from various esteemed universities in India, thus increasing the competition for finance job roles in the country. This, therefore, brings in the need for the employees or the prospective candidates to mold their soft skills so as to make them desirable by the companies and hence employable. The purpose of this paper is to provide a list of skills required by management graduates to become employable for finance job roles from the perspective of corporate executives. This list will enable prospective candidates to prepare themselves for a career in the field of finance. Design/methodology/approach: The research was carried out through the collection of data from 117 finance professionals with a minimum work experience of 5 years with the help of structured questionnaires. This was then analyzed through factor analysis and the list of 15 factors was obtained. Findings: A list of 15 essential factors was obtained through the analysis of the data. The essential skills included empathetic and judicious behavior, professional etiquette and employee well-being, ethical behavior, conflict management, change analysis and prediction; practicality and organizational presence of mind; social and moral presence of mind; self-confidence and effective written communication; effective interpersonal communication and employee value systems; responsibility and self-awareness; problem diagnosis and problem-solving; real-time work and activity experience; professional development and advancement; technology rationalization and effective information generation. The findings also included that a candidate should be able to effectively present crucial information and should possess practical advisory skills. Originality/value: The study will be highly beneficial for management graduates who have specialized in finance to secure finance job roles in India. This paper will enable the students to prepare themselves in the essential soft skills required for these job roles apart from technical knowledge and hard skills. 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
ESSA Scheduling Algorithm for Optimizing Budget-Constrained Workflows
Workflows are a systematic approach for defining various scientific applications of distributed systems. They break down complicated, data-intensive processes into minor activities that can be executed serially or in parallel according to the type of application. Cloud systems need to allocate resources and schedule workflows efficiently. Despite many studies on job scheduling and resource provisioning, an efficient solution isn't found. Therefore, techniques are required to enhance resource utilization for optimal cloud computing platforms. Hence, user and provider quality of service (QoS) goals, like shortening workflows and ensuring budget limits with low energy utilization, must be considered. Enhanced Salp Swarm Optimization (ESSA) is designed to optimize makespan and QoS metrics in cloud systems. A Virtual Machine (VM's) compute capacity is related to Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory. Size and memory demand is considered for tasks in the workflow, and task execution time is evaluated using both CPU and memory. The collated experimental outcomes convey that the newly presented technique boosts the workflows' energy utilization (up to 89%) and pushes the normalized makespan results to 3.2ms. 2022 IEEE. -
ESIPT-AIE Active Schiff BaseFluorescent Organic Nanoparticles Based on 2-(2-(4-(4-bromo Phenyl) Thiazol-2-yl)Vinyl)Phenol (BTVP) Utilized as a Multi-Functional Fluorescent Probe
The present study reports the synthesis and characterization of Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) active 2-(2-(4-(4-bromo phenyl) thiazol-2-yl)vinyl)phenol (BTVP). The AIE properties of BTVP in Acetone/Water solution are investigated, and fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) (sizes ranging from 150200nm) are preparedin various water fractions (fH2O). The established visco-chromic property suggests that the restriction of intramolecular rotation is responsible for the AIE-ESIPT behavior of the molecule, providing a means to sense viscosity. The synthesized FONs act as fluorescence chemosensors to detect Al3+ ions via a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. Job's, BenesiHildebrand method, and 1HNMR titration confirm the 1:1 binding of BTVP with the metal ion. Studies on the emission concerning pH reveal the high stability of FONs over a broad range of pH, and a gradual change in the emission wavelength for the BTVP-Al3+ complex (BTVP-Al) is observed, providing a means to sense pH ranging from 28. The solid-state photoluminescence of BTVP is used for latent fingerprint detection, demonstrating its efficiency in detecting both primary and secondary information. Additionally, both BTVP FNOs and BTVP-Al are used in cell imaging, where specific nuclear staining with BTVP-Al and cytoplasm staining with BTVP are observed. 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
ESIPT Active Schiff Base Fluorescent Sensor for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Co(II) Ions: Experimental, DFT Optimization Studies and Real Sample Analysis
A novel fluorescent Schiff base chemosensor, N1,N6-bis((E)-3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)adipohydrazide (DBSA), has been developed for the detection of Cobalt (II) ions. DBSA exhibits distinct fluorescence enhancement upon interacting with Co(II) ions via photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The developed sensor demonstrates a remarkable sensitivity, with the detection limits of 9.9 nM for Co(II) ions, which aligns well with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory thresholds for drinking water contaminants. Structural characterization by LC-MS, FTIR coupled with Jobs plot and NMR titration studies confirm the formation of DBSA-Co complex with a binding constant of 4.61 106 M? 1. The chemo sensor exhibits a quantum yield of 0.082, highlighting its potential applicability in photochemical processes. Computation studies were used to further investigate the binding interactions with Co2+ ions. The practical utility of DBSA has been validated through successful analyses in varied aqueous matrices, including tap water, lake water and recycled water. Cytotoxicity assessment via MTT assays on SH-SY5Y cells confirms excellent biocompatibility of the probe. This work presents a significant advancement in the design of efficient molecular probes for environmental monitoring, offering a robust platform for the concurrent detection of transition-metal ions in aqueous systems. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
EShield: An effective detection and mitigation of flooding in DDoS attacks over large scale networks
Distributed Denial-of-Service attacks are very hard to be mitigated in wireless network environment. Here in this manuscript, an effective method of flood detection and mitigation architecture is proposed named eShield, which detects and prevent flooding attacks through spoof detection technique. The proposed method uses an architecture and an algorithm. eShield deals with Intrusion Protection and Detection Systems (IPDS) which collaboratively defend flooding attacks at different points in the network. Here eShield detects the supply node with its port variety which were below assault. Inorder to reduce the burden on international IPDS eShield makes use of distinct nearby IPDS for the assaults in flooding which have been carried out collaboratively. The assessment is done through the widespread simulation of eShield and it is proved to be an actual values based on time delay, false positive rates, computation and communication overhead. BEIESP. -
ESG Reporting and Investment Choices: A Comparative Study of ESG Indices in India and Other Safe-Haven Assets
The landscape of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting and investment choices in India remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the relationship between ESG reporting and investment choices from a fast-emerging market such as India by conducting a comparative analysis of ESG indices in India, including the Nifty 100 Enhanced ESG Index., Nifty 50, and other safe-haven assets, such as gold, silver, and 10-year Treasury bond yield. From the results, it has been found that the average returns of the Nifty50 and Nifty100 ESG index are higher than the other assets, such as gold, silver, and 10-year treasury bonds. The results of the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model confirm the presence of volatility clustering in all study samples. Exponen-tial GARCH (E-GARCH) indicates a presence of leverage effect only for the equity indices Nifty 50 and Nifty100 ESG Enhanced index. The outcome of the Threshold GARCH (T-GARCH) signifies that bad news has a significant effect on volatility on Nifty 50, Nifty 100 ESG Enhanced, Silver, and Treasury bonds compared with good news except for gold. Thus, the findings of the study infer that investors could generate better returns by investing in companies that practice ESG. It also provides more avenues for the companies to raise capital, which strongly reports ESG prac-tices. The outcome of the results can help investors diversify their portfolios and rebalance their investment strategies. The Author(s).