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North Korean Refugees in China: A Humanitarian Perspective
Most scholars opined that the famine of the 1990s in North Korea began a cascading effect on the refugee influx to China. The refusal of Chinese authorities to recognise North Korean defectors as refugees stems from an agreement between the two allies, The history of this crisis thus starts with the 1986 agreement signed between North Korea and China that binds China to repatriate any defectors back to the North Korean state. The Mutual Cooperation Protocol of 1986 1 has often been quoted by Chinese authorities to justify the repatriation of North Korean refugees. In the cases where refugees have not been repatriated, the lack of recognition by the Chinese State ensures that they are exploited in numerous ways, such as prostitution, bonded labour, torture, detention, forced abortions, denial of medical treatment and housing, etc. No true estimates exist on quantifying the North Korean refugee influx, as it would legitimise the propensity of the issue and bring to light rampant violations of human rights within Chinese borders. Many international stakeholders, like US Congressional Committees, UNHCR, major non-governmental organisations and recently, in April 2023, South Korea spoke on Chinas policy on North Korean refugees. China remains in violation of the 1951 UN Convention on Refugees as it continues to undertake forced repatriation and refuse to acknowledge North Korean migrants as refugees, instead branding them as illegal economic migrants. For China, human rights have always been viewed by the CCP as an internal matter. It is caught in a zero-sum game trying to protect its alliance with Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK), while facing increasing pressure from various global actors. As of now, the non-recognition of defectors is in favour of China as recognition of refugees could destabilise the region, increase the influx of migrants into the industrial north-east already suffering from labour issues and bring it closer to the USAs ambit of influence in South Korea and hamper the Chinese influence over DPRKs nuclear programme. Additionally, recognition of refugees and ensuring rights of minority groups will further exacerbate the issues the Chinese State is facing from Uighurs and Tibetans. It is against this backdrop of national interest that the barefaced exploitation of North Korean defectors has occurred over the years in China. 2026 selection and editorial matter, Neeraj Singh Manhas, Nitan Sharma, and Abhinav Tomer; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Northeast and its portrayal in broadcast media - A picture beyond terrorism and insurgency /
Northeast India is a rich home of natural beauty and magnificence surrounding the seven sister states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and the nearby hilly state of Sikkim. In any case it is a bizarre reality that such an inconceivable region of the nation stays inadequately spoken and noticed in the national cognizance. -
Notions of beauty, perception and acceptance - How people perceive product advertising /
Beauty has always been an important factor in humanity. It has played a very important role in history, being recorded timeless in various arts. Needless to say it is a very important part of our world, our society and us. Though beauty can be achieved through many means, one of the most popular ways one thinks of achieving it is beauty products. These beauty products have wriggled their ways though our daily lives and have made themselves a staple through their insistent advertising which proclaim that they are the answer to all your beauty related problems. One of their proclamations is that their products help achieve perfection. -
Nouveau shoppers buying behavior pattern and perception towards luxury brands
The customer perception towards purchasing luxury brands has various psychological patterns and the behviour towards purchasing such brands differs accordingly. The main objective of the study is to map the nouveau shoppers mind-set towards shopping malls and to analyze the buying behavior pattern and perception towards luxury brand on shopping malls. For this purpose a sample of 130 was collected from the respondents were percentage analysis, descriptive statistics, Kruskall Wallis test and Oneway anova were used as tools to analye the data. The conclusion is that shopping malls have higher potentiality to pull the customers to visit their places but the conversion of making every customers purchasing in the mall is based on various factors of each individual shops. The conversion towards making the consumers purchasing the products can be done to attractive displays and understanding the mindset of modern shoppers towards various products and brand. 2020 Webology Center. -
Novel algorithm for control of a shunt active power filter based on a three-level voltage source inverter
A three-level voltage source inverter is utilized to implement a shunt active power filter. SVPWM technique is used in the control circuit to generate the required gate pulses for the voltage source inverter. Principle of operation and analysis of the control circuit is presented. The proposed control algorithm ensures balance of dc bus voltages. Hence this active power filter is ideally suited for high power drives and transmission systems. The simulation results are presented and analyzed. The THD of load current is reduced to 6.47 % from 28.795 % in steady operation. 2010 Institute of Thermomechanics AS CR. -
Novel Anchor Generation Based Residual Network for Object Tracking in Video-Surveillance Applications
The activity of the object in question is alerted directly upon completion of an effective object tracking. Dependent on hardware support or not, a strong object tracking protocol is required for a precise object tracking application. According to these methods, tracking an object accurately within a predetermined processing time window required a significant amount of computer complexity. In contrast, a variety of quality-degrading elements, including occlusion, shifting lighting, shadows, and so on, have an adverse effect on tracking. All of these tracking shortcomings will be fixed by a revolutionary residual network based on loss operator and anchor creation. Detection of object has concerns that rely on the process of feature extraction to afford efficient quality. For this purpose a model called ResNet has been used that comprises thirty layers and hence named as Resnet-thirty. These networks are a type of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that contain residual connections among various layers. The various merits of these connections is the network has the capability to learn the features of global, local and intermediate in parallel. As such, the system is robust against changes in lighting. These variations in light were understood in terms of tracking objects within a changing background. The proposed work uses MOT datasets. This dataset comprises of MOT 15, MOT16, MOT17 and MOT20. The results have been found by using these datasets. Hence, it evidently outperforms in terms of precision, recall, MOTA, IDF, MOTP, SAIDF and F1 measure to track the objects. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Novel Anti-Corrosion and Anti-Fouling Coatings and Thin Films
Nanomaterials and nanocomposite materials have been developed as corrosion inhibitors and are the most noble and effective alternatives to traditional organic corrosion inhibitors. Nanomaterials provide reasonably high anticorrosive activity in both aqueous and solution phases. A unified approach to this task is lacking, however, which highlights the role of all disciplines involved in the creation and use of corrosion protection coatings for metals. Fouling is the process of accumulating unwanted material that is mostly non-living and comprised of detritus and organic or inorganic compounds, or organisms, such as tiny viruses up to giant kelps. This book covers both the processes of biofouling and anti(bio)fouling, and the devices that stop the biofouling process. This book provides a missing synopsis by providing an understanding of the anticorrosive and anti-biofouling effects of nanomaterials and nanocomposites under different environments. It features an up-to-date picture of the quality and chemistry of a substrate surface, its proper preparation by conversion treatment, the function of resins and anticorrosive pigments in paints, and novel concepts for corrosion protection. 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
Novel Applications of Graphene and its Derivatives: A Short Review
Graphene, a layered allotropic form of graphitic carbon, has fascinated the scientific world since its discovery. Its unique structural, physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties find application in many areas. Because of its large surface area and its apt electrical property, it is used in electromagnetic interference shielding. With excellent carrier mobility, it is used for sensing purposes. Mechanical strength and elastic properties coupled with its lightweight make graphene a promising material as a supercapacitor. The 2-dimensional structural properties of the graphene layers can be used for the purification treatment of water and gas. The number of research in graphene applications is increasing every day, showing the importance and excellency of graphene properties. This short review provides a comprehensive understanding of graphene's properties and progress in electromagnetic interference shielding, sensors, water treatment, energy production, storage, and conversion applications such as supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells and electrocatalysts. 2023 Bentham Science Publishers. -
Novel approach for investigation and synthesis of non linear optical crystal /
Patent Number: 202141040430, Applicant: Ingeniouz.
An amino acid based semiorganic nonlinear optical family single crystal of l-leucinium perchlorate (LLPCl) was grown by the solvent evaporation method at ambient temperature. Good optical quality single crystals up to a size of 6 mm — 5 mm — 3 mm were obtained. The single-crystal XRD analysis shows that the grown crystals have a monoclinic structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis and UVvis spectral studies were also carried out. Micro hardness mechanical studies show that the hardness number (Hv) of a LLPCl single crystal decreases with the load as measured by the Vickers micro hardness method. -
Novel approach for nonlinear time-fractional Sharma-Tasso-Olever equation using Elzaki transform
In this article, we demonstrated the study of the time-fractional nonlinear Sharma-Tasso-Olever (STO) equation with different initial conditions. The novel technique, which is the mixture of the q-homotopy analysis method and the new integral transform known as Elzaki transform called, q-homotopy analysis Elzaki transform method (q-HAETM) implemented to find the adequate approximated solution of the considered problems. The wave solutions of the STO equation play a vital role in the nonlinear wave model for coastal and harbor designs. The demonstration of the considered scheme is done by carrying out some examples of time-fractional STO equations with different initial approximations. q-HAETM offers us to modulate the range of convergence of the series solution using ?, called the auxiliary parameter or convergence control parameter. By performing appropriate numerical simulations, the effectiveness and reliability of the considered technique are validated. The implementation of the new integral transform called the Elzaki transform along with the reliable analytical technique called the q-homotopy analysis method to examine the time-fractional nonlinear STO equation displays the novelty of the presented work. The obtained findings show that the proposed method is very gratifying and examines the complex nonlinear challenges that arise in science and innovation. 2023 Balikesir University. All rights reserved. -
Novel Approach for Osteoporosis Classification Using X-ray Images
This research delves into the technical advancements of image segmentation and classification models, specifically the refined Pix2Pix and Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures, for the crucial task of osteoporosis detection using X-ray images. The improved Pix2Pix model demonstrates noteworthy strides in image segmentation, achieving a specificity of 97.24% and excelling in the reduction of false positives. Simultaneously, the modified ViT models, especially the MViT-B/16 variant, exhibit superior accuracy at 96.01% in classifying osteoporosis cases, showcasing their proficiency in identifying critical medical conditions. These models are poised to revolutionize osteoporosis diagnosis, providing clinicians with accurate tools for early detection and intervention. The synergies between the Pix2Pix and ViT models open avenues for nuanced approaches in automated diagnostic systems, with the potential to significantly improve clinical results and contribute to the broader landscape of medical image analysis. As osteoporosis remains a prevalent and often undiagnosed condition, the technical insights from this study hold substantial importance in advancing the field, emphasizing the critical role of accurate diagnostic tools in improving patient care and health outcomes. 2025 Oriental Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved. -
Novel approach to the analysis of fifth-order weakly nonlocal fractional Schringer equation with Caputo derivative
The main goal of this study is to find solutions for the fractional model of the fifth-order weakly nonlocal Schringer equation incorporating nonlinearity of the parabolic law and external potential using a recent modification of the homotopy analysis method (HAM) called the q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM). A mixture of q-HAM and Laplace transform is the projected solutions procedure. The method contributes approximate and exact (for some special cases) solutions such as the bright soliton, dark soliton, and exponential solutions. The simulation results using Mathematica package software, demonstrate that only a few terms are enough to achieve precise, effective, and reliable approximate solutions. In addition, in terms of plots for varying fractional order, the physical behavior of q-HATM solutions has been depicted and the numerical simulation is also exhibited. The results of q-HATM reveal that the projected method is competitive, reliable, and powerful for studying complex nonlinear models of fractional type. 2021 The Authors -
Novel approaches for nonlinear Sine-Gordon equations using two efficient techniques
In this work, we obtained a new functional matrix using Clique-polynomials of complete graphs (Formula presented.) with (Formula presented.) vertices and considered a new approach to solving the SineGordon (SG) equation. The clique polynomial method transforms this equation into a system of algebraic equations. The solution will be drawn with the help of Newton Raphsons method. Also, we employed the q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM), which is the proper collision of the Laplace transform and the q-homotopy analysis method (q-HAM). To witness the reliability and accuracy of the considered schemes, some illustrations of the SG equation and double SG equation are considered. Here, the SG equation is solved easily and elegantly without using discretization or transformation of the equation by using the q-HATM. Also, in q-HATM, the presence of homotopy and axillary parameters allows us to have a large convergence region. The 3D surfaces of acquired solutions are drawn effectively. The tables of error analysis demonstrate the success of these methods. 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Novel artificial intelligence-based ensemble learning for optimized software quality
Artificial intelligence (AI) contributes towards improving software engineering quality; however, existing AI models are witnessed to deploy learning-based approaches without addressing various complexities associated with datasets. A literature review showcases an unequilbrium between addressing the accuracy and computational burden. Therefore, the proposed manuscript presents a novel AI-based ensemble learning model that is capable of performing an effective prediction of software quality. The presented scheme adopts correlation-based and multicollinearity-based attributes to select essential feature selection. At the same time, the scheme also introduces a hybrid learning approach integrated with a bio-inspired algorithm for constructing the ensemble learning scheme. The quantified outcome of the proposed study showcases 65% minimized defect density, 94% minimized mean time to failure, 62% minimized processing time of the algorithm, and 43% enhanced predictive accuracy. 2025, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Novel biocompatible zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesis using Quassia indica leaf extract and evaluation of its photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic potentials
Prognostic research points to the necessity and relevance of revamping polluted environments. The toxic effect of textile dyes released into waterbodies can be reduced by the degradation process and alternate methods in nanotechnology are used to lessen the gravity of the situation. Compared with chemical and physical NP synthesis, plant extract-based nanoparticle synthesis is an environmentally friendly alternative method, and the use of waste leaves in this process is an added advantage. Quassia indica zinc oxide nanoparticles (QI-ZnO NPs) were synthesised in the current work employing a simple and cost-effective process using Q. indica leaf extract. The surface plasmon peak was visible in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum of the decreased reaction mixture at 346 nm. The average crystallite size of the QI-ZnO NPs was found to be 16.66 nm. The QI-ZnO NPs were found to have a stable zeta potential of ?28.4 mV. The surface morphology of the optimised QI-ZnO NPs was observed to be hexagonal using field emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Under UV light irradiation, the photocatalytic degradation of industrial textile dyes Reactive Blue-220, Reactive Yellow-145, Reactive Red-120, and Reactive Blue-222 showed degradation efficiency of 8090%. Antibacterial and antifungal activity was assessed using well diffusion on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. When administered to the A549 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines, QI-ZnO NPs displayed significant anticancer activities. Limited studies in the area of plant extract-based nanoparticle synthesis mark the novelty of this attempt and this trailblazing and pioneering approach using non-toxic QI-ZnO NPs synthesised through green synthesis is futuristic and sustainable helping in effective wastewater treatment. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
Novel biocompatible zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesis using Quassia indica leaf extract and evaluation of its photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic potentials
Prognostic research points to the necessity and relevance of revamping polluted environments. The toxic effect of textile dyes released into waterbodies can be reduced by the degradation process and alternate methods in nanotechnology are used to lessen the gravity of the situation. Compared with chemical and physical NP synthesis, plant extract-based nanoparticle synthesis is an environmentally friendly alternative method, and the use of waste leaves in this process is an added advantage. Quassia indica zinc oxide nanoparticles (QI-ZnO NPs) were synthesised in the current work employing a simple and cost-effective process using Q. indica leaf extract. The surface plasmon peak was visible in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum of the decreased reaction mixture at 346 nm. The average crystallite size of the QI-ZnO NPs was found to be 16.66 nm. The QI-ZnO NPs were found to have a stable zeta potential of ?28.4 mV. The surface morphology of the optimised QI-ZnO NPs was observed to be hexagonal using field emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Under UV light irradiation, the photocatalytic degradation of industrial textile dyes Reactive Blue-220, Reactive Yellow-145, Reactive Red-120, and Reactive Blue-222 showed degradation efficiency of 8090%. Antibacterial and antifungal activity was assessed using well diffusion on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. When administered to the A549 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines, QI-ZnO NPs displayed significant anticancer activities. Limited studies in the area of plant extract-based nanoparticle synthesis mark the novelty of this attempt and this trailblazing and pioneering approach using non-toxic QI-ZnO NPs synthesised through green synthesis is futuristic and sustainable helping in effective wastewater treatment. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. -
Novel biogenic CNS@AgNPs hybrid nanostructures for electrochemical detection of sucralose: Experimental and in silico strategies
Carbon, the most abundant and versatile element, has played a significant role in scientific innovations, forming the backbone of material science and nanotechnology. This study presents the first reported simultaneous photogenic synthesis of carbon nanospheres (CNS) integrated with silver nanoparticles (CNS@AgNPs) using Coriander sativum seed extract for sucralose detection. The CNS@AgNPs formation, mediated by oleic acid from the extract, was confirmed with GCMS analysis. The morphology of the CNS@AgNPs was characterized using SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD, Raman, BET, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The fabricated GE/Nafion/CNS@AgNPs electrode demonstrated an intense oxidation peak current at +0.7V, with Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) showing a linear response from 2.0 to 14?M, with a LOD and LOQ of 0.2?M and 0.62?M (R2=0.998), respectively. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies revealed key mechanistic insights, including the methanol cleavage energy (~3.135נ103eV) and HOMO-LUMO differences between neutral sucralose and its cationic form. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations confirmed favourable adsorption energy (?52.739kcal/mol) with specific binding interactions (3.3578.653 influencing electron transfer pathways. This eco-friendly approach presents the potential of sustainable materials for developing efficient electrochemical sensors for detecting artificial sweeteners in real samples. 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
Novel booster control system for fully automotive driverless vehicle /
Patent Number: 201941039882, Applicant: Dr. Debabrata Samanta.
The present disclosure presents a novel electronic booster control system for fully automotive driverless vehicle. The it discloses a system of vacuum booster with an automotive air compressor system which comprises a compression piston, a power transmission component and a power input part with integrated to plurality of sensors , servo controllers and a central control module of the fully automotive driverless vehicle. -
Novel carbon nano-onions from paraffinum liquidum for rapid and efficient removal of industrial dye from wastewater
Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) are fascinating zero-dimensional carbon materials owning distinct multi-shell architecture. Their physicochemical properties are highly related to the parent material selected and the synthesis protocol involved. In the present work, we report for the first time novel CNO structures encompassing discrete carbon allotropes, namely, H18 carbon, Rh6 carbon, and n-diamond. These structures were cost-effectively synthesized in gram scale by facile flame pyrolysis of paraffinum liquidum, a highly refined mineral oil. The as-synthesized and chemically refashioned CNOs are quasi-spherical self-assembled mesopores, manifesting remarkable stability and hydrophilicity. The CNO structures exhibit excellent dye adsorption characteristics with high removal capacity of 1397.35mg/g and rapid adsorption kinetics with a minimal adsorbent dosage of 10mg/L, for a low concentration of 20mg/L methylene blue dye. The novel CNOs assure potential implementation in the remediation of low concentration and high volume of dye-contaminated wastewater. Graphical abstract [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
Novel deep eutectic solvent catalysed Single-Pot open flask synthesis of Tetrasubstituted-1H-Pyrroles
Pyrrole and its analogs have garnered immense attention due to their multifaceted biological significance and versatile applications, ranging from medicinal agents to fundamental biological pigments. Despite their prominence, pyrrole synthesis with multiple substituents is complex and calls for innovative approaches to green chemistry. This study delves into synthesizing novel 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrroles via multicomponent reactions (MCRs) employing deep eutectic solvents (DES). Due to their eco-friendly nature, these DESs provide a safer substitute for traditional solvents. Specifically, a novel three-component DES (3CDES) was formulated, showcasing promising catalytic activity for multiple cycles with excellent product generation. The synergy between MCR and DES elucidates their combined potential in fostering a sustainable and efficient green synthesis route with the E-factor of 0.1699. 2024 Elsevier B.V.