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Women and tourism: A study on gender equality, social inclusion, and empowerment
To achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda, which include the goals of gender equality, social inclusion, and women's empowerment, tourism is an essential industry. Gender disparity is a major development barrier in the majority of developing nations. The study aims to explore the challenges women face and gender inequality in tourism industry. The inter-linkage between tourism and SDGs will also be explored. A qualitative research technique was applied, and systematic literature review was based on articles in national and international journals, working papers, etc. explored. The study concluded that restricted opportunities for education, healthcare disparities, economic inequality are among the challenges faced by the women in tourism industry. It is also found that gender inequality in terms of dual presence, discrimination in wages, glass ceiling, sticky floors, etc. are also there. There is a definite linkage between the tourism industry and SDGs. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Women and Fairness: Navigating an Unfair World
[No abstract available] -
Woman safety hidden malicious hcip using IOT based tracking technology /
Patent Number: 202241040276, Applicant: Dr.R. Beaulah Jeyavathana.
The personal safety and tracking device that is the focus of this innovation is a wearable, multisensory system that detects changes in the wearer's voice, pulse, emotions, impact, motion, and device status in order to make accurate predictions about potential threats. In dangerous scenarios, the wearable gadget will activate an SOS signal, an alarm, an electric shock, and pepper spray, and it will also begin photographing and recording audio for the wearer's protection. The device connects to the internet using GPRS in order to keep track of the person who is wearing it. -
Within-School Socioeconomic Disparities in Academic Achievement: A Qualitative Case Study of Study-Regulation Supports among Indian Secondary Students
Objective: This study explored how socioeconomic contexts shape students study strategies and how these differences relate to academic achievement within the same school setting. Methods and Materials: A single-site qualitative case study was conducted in a private, unaided English-medium CBSE school in Bengaluru, India, enrolling students from diverse socioeconomic status (SES) groups. Thirty students in Grades 89 (aged 1315) were selected through purposive sampling, representing all achievement levels and residence types (day scholars and residential/hostel students). SES classification was informed by parental education/occupation and the Modified Kuppuswamy Scale (2019). Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews, audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed iteratively using line-by-line and focused coding guided by Charmazs grounded theory approach, leading to theme development. Findings: Three themes explained within-school achievement disparities: (1) parental engagement and access to cultural/social capital varied by SES, shaping monitoring, subject support, and study regulation at home; (2) hostel routines and mentoring provided compensatory structures resembling middle-class concerted cultivation, supporting academic regulation for some low-SES residential students; and (3) for low-SES day scholars, teachers and remedial support served as the primary learning resource, often framed in skill-deficit terms rather than culturally responsive pedagogy. Conclusion: Equal access to school resources does not necessarily produce equal outcomes because study regulation develops within unequal family and institutional support ecologies. Equity-oriented, culturally responsive, and relational school practicesalongside targeted academic mentoringmay help reduce persistent achievement gaps. 2025 the authors. -
Wireless Technology for Providing Safety in Vanets
Both the safety and efficiency of our present transportation systems might benefit greatly from the implementation of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). In this book chapter, the author investigates the significance of wireless technology in improving VANET security. Before discussing the numerous wireless technologies that form the backbone of VANET security, this chapter digs into VANET architecture and communication paradigms. These can be anything from tried-and-true standards like IEEE 802.11p (WAVE) to forward-thinking concepts like 5G cellular networks ability to link vehicles to other objects. Collision avoidance, cooperative adaptive cruise control, junction collision alarms, and pedestrian safety are just some of the real-world applications of V2V communication that have been shown. The importance of security mechanisms, such as authentication, encryption, and data integrity, is discussed at length in this chapter. The narrative also delves into the fascinating intersections of VANETs with autonomous cars and AI, all while tackling issues like spectrum allocation, scalability, and privacy concerns. Case studies shed light on the concrete effects of VANET safety installations, showing how they may reduce accident rates and ease traffic congestion. This last chapter summarizes the potential of wireless technologies to usher in an era of enhanced road safety via the medium of VANETs, distills important insights, and calls for greater advances. 2024 CRC Press. -
Wireless Soil Health Beacons: An Intelligent Sensor-Based System for Real-Time Monitoring in Precision Agriculture
Precision agriculture is a modern technology that focuses on the crop by meeting the specific needs of the field. This research presents the Wireless Soil Health Beacons design that can be used in precision agriculture to enhance the production and real-time monitoring of the soil and field parameters. The proposed system integrates bio and physical sensors into an IoTenabled Wireless Soil Health Beacons (WSHB) to provide detailed and real-time soil health parameters. The beacons are compact and are powered by solar, which is weather-resistant and interconnected via wireless nodes. A set of beacons will be implanted to capture biological and environmental data. The biosensor module detects key soil microbiological parameters such as nitrogen-fixing microbial activity, soil pathogen presence, and general microbial population shifts indicative of soil fertility and disease conditions. The physical sensor module continuously measures soil moisture levels, temperature, and salinity. The data is passed from the nodes to a processing module, which collects and analyses the critical parameters directly related to plant growth, water management, and fertiliser optimisation. A mobile interface assists the farmers and stakeholders with the required information, such as field maps, real-time soil health indicators, and critical alerts related to drought, salinity stress, or pathogen hotspots. The proposed system forms as a multidimensional soil profiling tool capable of supporting precision agriculture. Most existing soil monitoring systems rely on environmental parameters, while the proposed system allows the continuous tracking of ecological and microbial dynamics in the area. The mesh network architecture helps the system to be redundant and enhances the outcomes. The proposed system helps with sustainable agriculture and improves the yields with minimal environmental degradation, enabling an adaptive and precise farm management system. 2025 by the authors. -
Wireless Sensor Networks in Precision Monitoring of Crops
The sensor-based breadboard is rapidly covering almost every application from human health monitoring to prediction of diseases in accordance with the weather change. This paper presents a sensor based precision crop monitoring system for agriculture application and estimates the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. This high accuracy energy efficient system drastically reduces the damages to the crops and investment made to it. The main focus of the proposed research work is to reduce the energy consumption and minimize the traffic between the nodes of the sensor during the transmission of sensor information. The qualitative metrics has been carried to evaluate the performance of the proposed system which outperform the existing scenario. 2022 IEEE. -
Wireless Sensor Data Acquisition and Control Monitoring Model for Internet of Things Applications
This article focuses on providing solutions for one important application termed as agriculture. In India, one major occupation for people living in urban and rural areas is agriculture where an economic rate depends only on the crops they yield. In such cases, if an intelligent monitoring device is not integrated then it becomes difficult for the farmers to grow their crops and to accomplish marginal income from what they have invested. Also existing methods have been analyzed in the same field where some devices have been installed and checked for increasing the productivity of horticulture crops. But existing methods fail to install an intelligent monitoring device that can provide periodic results within short span of time. Therefore, a sensor based technology with Internet of Things (IoT) has been implemented in the projected work for monitoring major parameters that support the growth and income of farmers. Also, an optimization algorithm for identifying the loss in different crops has been incorporated for maximizing the system boundary and to transmit data to farmers located in different areas. To prove the cogency of proposed method some existing methods have been compared and the results prove the projected technique produces improved results for about 58%. 2022 SulaimaLebbe Abdul Haleem et al. -
Wireless Network Security Using Load Balanced Mobile Sink Technique
Real-time applications based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies are quickly increasing due to intelligent surroundings. Among the most significant resources in the WSN are battery power and security. Clustering stra-tegies improve the power factor and secure the WSN environment. It takes more electricity to forward data in a WSN. Though numerous clustering methods have been developed to provide energy consumption, there is indeed a risk of unequal load balancing, resulting in a decrease in the networks lifetime due to network inequalities and less security. These possibilities arise due to the cluster heads limited life span. These cluster heads (CH) are in charge of all activities and control intra-cluster and inter-cluster interactions. The proposed method uses Lifetime centric load balancing mechanisms (LCLBM) and Cluster-based energy optimization using a mobile sink algorithm (CEOMS). LCLBM emphasizes the selection of CH, system architectures, and optimal distribution of CH. In addition, the LCLBM was added with an assistant cluster head (ACH) for load balancing. Power consumption, communications latency, the frequency of failing nodes, high security, and one-way delay are essential variables to consider while evaluating LCLBM. CEOMS will choose a cluster leader based on the influence of the fol-lowing parameters on the energy balance of WSNs. According to simulated find-ings, the suggested LCLBM-CEOMS method increases cluster head selection self-adaptability, improves the networks lifetime, decreases data latency, and bal-ances network capacity. 2023, Tech Science Press. All rights reserved. -
Wireless Communication Technologies: Roles, Responsibilities, and Impact of IoT, 6G, and Blockchain Practices
This book introduces recent wireless technologies and their impact on recent trends, applications, and opportunities. It explores the latest 6G, IoT, and Blockchain techniques with AI and evolutionary applications, showing how digital integration can be used to serve society. It explores the most important aspects of modern technologies, providing insights into the newest 6G technology and practices; covering the roles, responsibilities, and impact of IoT, 6G, and Blockchain practices to sustain the world economy. This book highlights the roles, responsibilities, and impact of IoT, 6G, and Blockchain and its practices. By describing the implementation strategies for Blockchain, IoT, and 6G, this book focuses on technologies related to the advancement in wireless ad-hoc networks and the current sustainability practices used in IoT. It offers popular use cases and case studies related to 6G, IoT, and Blockchain to provide a better understanding and covers the global approach towards the convergence of 6G, IoT, and Blockchain along with recent applications and future potential. The book is a reference for those working with 6G, IoT, AI, and its related application areas. Students at both the UG and PG levels in various departments such as manufacturing, electronics, telecommunications, computer science, other engineering fields, and information technology will be interested in this book. It is ideally designed for use by technology development, academicians, data scientists, industry professionals, researchers, and students. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Vandana Sharma, Balamurugan Balusamy, Gianluigi Ferrari, and Prerna Ajmani. -
Wireless Communication for Robotic Process Automation Using Machine Learning Technique
Machine intelligence is what has been generated by programming computers with certain aspects of human intellect, like training, solving problems, and priority setting. A machine can solve a number of complicated issues using these capabilities. In major industries, such as customer support and manufacturing, machine intelligence is now being employed. The growth and quick development of digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are becoming more and more difficult. At now, sophisticated manufacturing, the world of invention, and broad acceptance are undergoing a fast transition. Robotics is much more vital as it may now be related to the human brain by the connection between machine and brain, as AI develops. The world's economy faces substantial difficulties by increasing productivity in the manufacturing industry. This study examines the present progress of robotic communication styles of artificial intelligence (AI). In many specific applications, communication between members of a robotic group or even people becomes vital. The paper solves the problem of implementation of an independent industry mobile robot in all fields in the major business, live interactive, planning, mobile robot technologies, and intending. In order to identify the best solution to this issue, a mixed integer robotic model has been developed. 2022 C. Murugamani et al. -
Wired Highways: The Soul of a Smarter City
The "smart city"concept emerged in the 1990s, characterized by extensive globalization, rapid technological advancement, and the emergence of the knowledge economy. Urban planning professionals began considering how to introduce digital technology into existing city infrastructure to create cities that were faster, efficient, sustainable, and better managed. Innovative thinking has moved away from traditional methods of city planning and management, and has started to challenge the planning systems where governments understood complexity from a bureaucratic perspective. In planning smart cities, local governments are largely relying on using information and communication technologies (ICT) to enhance essential city functions like transportation, energy, water, and public safety. Urbanization is becoming increasingly complex, and the global urban population is growing at unprecedented rates, creating a need of urban systems to be smarter, safer, and more environmentally sustainable. Cities are faced with many complex problems, but urban transportation is one of the most daunting. Existing infrastructure is becoming overwhelmed by congestion, increasing volume of traffic, and safety issues. An innovative way of tackling these problems is through Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). ITS is the use of ICT including sensors, software, communication networks, and data analytics in transportation systems to increase efficiency, safety, reliability, and sustainability. By using real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and data-driven decision-making, ITS creates traffic management systems that improve city response time, decreases congestion and accidents, and increases sustainable or environmental-friendly transport choices. This research recognizes the importance of ITS to smart city development, emphasizing. 2026 IEEE. -
Winning battles with a joke: a qualitative inquiry of humour in the Indian Army
Humour in military organizations can be antithetical given the rigid hierarchy, high degrees of work formalization, and obedience to hierarchy. This paper explores how humour is initiated, propagated and maintained in the Indian Army. We conducted twelve in-depth interviews with retired army professionals and used Braun and Clarkes (2006) thematic analysis to capture the study's main findings. Three major themes emerged organizational humour, leader humour, and team humour. We found humour is essential in combating stress, increasing social cohesion, facilitating newcomer assimilation, and promoting a positive work environment. We also found evidence of subversive humour used in forms of resistance to challenge the hierarchical structure subtly. We have provided a three-part schema of workplace humour which sheds interesting insights on workplace humour. Our findings will contribute to understanding how military humour helps to maneuver challenges of a stressful work situation 2023,European Journal of Humour Research. All Rights Reserved. -
Will Users Continue Using Banking Chatbots? The Moderating Role of Perceived Risk
AI-powered chatbots have become game-changers for the financial industry. They enable banks to boost customer engagement and improve operational efficiency by lowering the traditional cost of customer support. This study analyses the impact of perceived service quality dimensions on user confirmation, satisfaction and use continuance. The present study also analyses the moderating effect of perceived risk on the relationship between user confirmation, satisfaction and chatbots use continuance. A total of 447 customers, all residing in the Indian city of Bengaluru and having recently used banking chatbot services, were surveyed. Partial least squares structural equation modelling is used to examine the relationships between the variables used in the study. Findings from the study show that all five chatbot service quality dimensions (reliability, interactivity, assurance, responsiveness and understandability) significantly impact the users post-use confirmation, influencing their satisfaction and continuance behaviour. Perceived risk negatively moderates the relationship between user confirmation and user satisfaction. Chatbot service developers and e-service providers can leverage these findings to understand user expectations from chatbots. They will also be helpful to other service sectors, such as insurance, travel and tourism, hospitality and healthcare. 2023 Fortune Institute of International Business. -
Will the antioxidant supplements impact the mitigation of oxidative stress in Parkinsons disease?
Parkinsons disease is a frequent neurodegenerative condition marked by both non-motor and motor symptoms. It is brought on by the selective depletion of dopamine neurons from the substantia nigra region of the midbrain. Numerous variables, including lifestyle, environment, age, smoking, and underlying medical disorders, affect the occurrence of Parkinsons disease. The free radicals created by oxidative stress have an impact on the morphology and function of neuronal cells and are a factor in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinsons and Alzheimers, disorder. Although the pathophysiological mechanism causing neuronal degeneration is still unknown, oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinsons disease. It also has an association with numerous proteins, including ?-synuclein, amyloid, DJ-1 protein and several signalling pathways like extracellular regulated protein kinases. Reactive oxygen species also contribute to complex Is mitochondrial respiratory activity. The naturally occurring antioxidants are the phenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamins, and lignans. These antioxidants retain the reactive oxygen species generation and plays a role in several biological effects. As a result, natural plant antioxidants may have an impact on Parkinsons disease and offer an alternative therapy that minimises oxidative stress and slows down the evolution of the disease. 2024 Visagaa Publishing House. -
Will mobile application technology help retail merchandising? Breakthrough innovation by FMCG companies
Forthe retail business to run successfully and to improve sales, the critical component is to display its products and services in a visually appealing manner. Retail merchandising assists the retailers to attract shoppers and influence their purchase. Often, the merchandising updates are not escalated up the hierarchy ladder as they are much dynamic and spontaneous in nature. Top manufacturing FMCG companies like HUL, ITC, etc. took up this challenge of modern trade merchandising by maintaining manpower in organized retail stores to tap the cutting edge of competitive advantage. The key challenges of these merchandisers include - maintaining overall shelf health, frequency and consistency of restocking, tracking the competition actions in the store, eliminating the conflicting signages, remove broken displays, and display compliances. These FMCG companies have adopted a breakthrough innovation of mobile applications to overcome these challenges. This study is novel and investigated the sales performance improvement through mobile application technology. The research was conducted in two parts. Part 1 included structural interviews (one-on-one) with retail store managers and FMCG sales representatives. The results disclosed eight major attributes as store trend, competition update, personnel management, stock availability, demand creation, in-store visibility, new products launch and promo packs, and share of shelf to improve sales performance. Part 2 examined the significance of these eight factors through quantitative study by considering FMCG merchandisers as respondents. The study identified that competition update, stock availability, personnel management, in-store visibility, and share of shelf were significant factors that impacted sales performance in retail merchandising by utilizing mobile technology applications. 2020, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Wideband Compact Two-Element Millimeter Wave MIMO Antenna for Communication Systems
This article presents the wide band two-element MIMO antenna with an I-shaped decoupling structure in the ground plane. It is to enhance the isolation on the MIMO antenna. The dimension is 7.5 17.5 mm2. The measured bandwidth is 2 GHz (22.25-24.25 GHz) with a maximum gain of 4.5 dBi and bidirectional radiation. MIMO antenna satisfies three diversity metrics. 2024 IEEE. -
Wide band cascade RF amplifier for 0.01GHz to 6 GHz application
This paper presents a design of wide band cascade RF amplifier for 0.01 GHz to 6 GHz application using Hybrid Microwave Integrated (MIC) Technology. Wideband amplifier provides ultra-flat gain response of 1 dB for 4 GHz bandwidth and 3 dB for 6 GHz bandwidth. A coplanar wave guide (CPWG) is fabricated using printed circuit board technology and used for RF transmission line topology to convey microwave frequency signals. The output power at 1 dB compression is 17 dBm while the high gain is 22 dBm. The return loss shows below minimum -10 dB for all frequency and amplifier have good linearity and stability. The proposed amplifier can be used for L, S, and C band applications. 2019 IEEE -
Why Some Old Songs Are Still Evergreen Even Today?
The enduring appeal of old songs across generations raises questions about the factors contributing to their timelessness. This research investigates these factors using a deep learning framework that integrates MusicBERT, a model for symbolic music understanding, with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). By analyzing a dataset of song features, including lyrics, melody, rhythm, and emotional tone, the study identifies patterns associated with the evergreen status of songs. Key findings emphasize cultural significance, emotional resonance, and universal themes as critical contributors to their lasting popularity. The research offers novel insights into the intersection of music, culture, and technology, with implications for music production, distribution, and cultural heritage preservation. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Why small business owners get demotivated? Modeling unwillingness to grow using ISM approach
Purpose: Even after establishing their business successfully, many business owners get demotivated, and it leads to unwillingness to grow. This study aims to propose a comprehensive model that represents interrelationships among various personal factors affecting unwillingness to grow. Design/methodology/approach: The personal factors for unwillingness to grow were identified by extant literature, and expert interviews were conducted to establish the contextual relationships among these factors. The interrelationships among the filtered variables have been done using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis was done to determine the importance of each factor in influencing unwillingness to grow. Findings: In total, 30 personal attributes were identified from previous literature, out of which 15 were selected for the final study. The result identifies 7 variables having a strong impact on unwillingness to grow. These attributes are absence of strong network, lack of vision, lack of proactiveness, reluctance to involve external consultants, absence of/small founding team, lack of ambition and improper attitude. Originality/value: The research attempts to create a bricolage of all the important personal factors affecting unwillingness to grow. Previous researches have used few attributes, but with the help of ISM, a graphical modeling technique, it became possible to draw interrelationship between 15 attributes. Further, with the help of MICMAC, the importance of each attribute was determined. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited.