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FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN INDIA AND CHINA: Experiences in service delivery
[No abstract available] -
IoT innovation in COVID-19 crisis
The COVID-19 pandemic is a current global threat that surpasses provincial and radical boundaries. Due to the onset of the pandemic disease, the whole world turned entirely in a couple of weeks. Its consequences have come across the personal and professional life of human beings. The current situation focuses on precautions such as wearing a mask, maintaining social distancing, and sanitizing hands regularly. An innovative platform, and smart and effective IoT technology may be applied to follow these steps. This platform fulfills all critical challenges at the time of lockdown situations. IoT technology is more helpful in capturing real-time patient data and other essential information. IoT allows the tracing of infected people and suspicious cases and helps diagnose and treat patients remotely. It also paves the way to deliver essential medical devices and medicines to quarantined places. In the present ongoing crisis, IoT technology is inevitable in monitoring patients infected with COVID-19 through sensors and intertwined networks. The consultations are given to the patients digitally through video conferencing without meeting the medical expert in person. After the diagnosis is made digitally, IoT devices are used to track health data. Smart thermometers are used instead of traditional ones to collect valuable health data and share it with experts. The IoT robots are now a proven technology used for cleaning hospitals, disinfecting medical devices, and delivering medicines, thus giving more time to healthcare workers to treat patients. 2023 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved. -
The Kerala, India Experience of Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic
Kerala, a southwestern state of India, reported the first COVID-19 case in India. Its alert health department went into a detailed preparation to face the pandemic and its related effects. Kerala soon earned international attention for its handling of the COVID-19 emergency. Some of the factors that are outstanding about Kerala, apart from its achievements in education and healthcare, are decentralized governance, active public involvement, and a high level of womens participation. This chapter explores Keralas COVID-19 crisis management during the first phase of the pandemic. It explains how the welfare system of Kerala, which is the outcome of the years of accountable governance, has worked to provide a protective safety net to the people of Kerala. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. -
Psychological capital as an antecedent of employee engagement and its relationship with intention to stay
Employee engagement is an evolving concept in human resources (HR). Most organizations strive to attain employee engagement because of the various organization-related outcomes. It is important for employees to feel engaged emotionally, socially, and intellectually with the work and organization. Various antecedents affect employee engagement and, in turn, result in an organization-related positive outcome. This chapter discusses in-depth PsyCap as an antecedent of employee engagement and how it relates to intent to stay regarding employees working in travel organizations in India and aims to build relevant theoretical frameworks based on the findings. The chapter also discusses some strategies organizations can implement to achieve employee engagement based on the findings. 2022, IGI Global. -
Health informatics and its contribution to health sectors
In most developed countries, healthcare sectors take more than 10% of the GDP, and it is one of the most significant and most rapidly growing sectors globally. With such growth of the healthcare department, data management becomes challenging; a robust platform helps to address these challenges. Health Informatics (HI) is an upcoming development, an interdisciplinary field in healthcare sectors; it combines the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the healthcare software, which helps boost the overall operational efficiency of the healthcare departments. These AI algorithms integrated into IoT devices help acquire, store, retrieve, and use health and medical-related data. Patient data are enormous in healthcare sectors, and it is required for various purposes by hospital administrators, insurance agents, doctors, nurses, and other health departments. Accessing and managing these datasets often becomes challenging; HI is one of those innovations that has helped address these challenges to a large extent. The chapter discusses informatics, related definitions, HI, and its relation with other disciplines. The chapter also provides an educational overview of the evolution of HI, different HI technologies, benefits and challenges of HI to its various stakeholders. It ends with some thoughts on HI's future growth. The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2023. All rights reserved. -
Analysis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using various classifiers
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral childhood impairment that wipes away the beauty of the individual from a very young age. Data mining classification techniques which are becoming a very important field in every sector play a vital role in the analysis and identification of these disorders. The objective of this paper is to analyze and evaluate ADHD by applying different classifiers like Nae Bayes, Bayes Net, Sequential Minimal Optimization, J48 decision tree, Random Forest, and Logistic Model Tree. The dataset employed in this paper is the first publicly obtainable dataset ADHD-200 and the instances of the dataset are classified into low, moderate, and high ADHD. The analysis of the performance metrics and therefore the results show that the Random Forest classifier offers the highest accuracy on ADHD dataset compared to alternative classifiers. With the current need to provide proper evaluation and management of this hyperactive disorder, this research would create awareness about the influence of ADHD and can help ensure the proper and timely treatment of the affected ones. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021. -
Aiming at digital health via mHealth application for generation Y post-pandemic scenario
Medical and health products have become a part of our lives. A health-conscious .society is the aftermath of the pandemic. The increasing role of technology has pushed people to online alternatives for medical services, progressing towards digital health. This research thus contributes to the nascent literature on the impact of mHealth apps and the consumption pattern in Bangalore in the post-pandemic scenario. This research investigates from the perspective of usage, privacy, and affordability of the mHealth apps. Results suggest that usage is positively affected by the affordability and privacy of these apps. Firstly, app developers could use the findings for different digital health marketing strategies and implementations for the mHealth app. Secondly, academics can look at other aspects such as the knowledge people possess regarding apps and their proficiency in accepting technology. Finally, the policy discussion makers can work on concerns of affordability and privacy to cater to the more significant population segment. 2023 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Kingship and Vedic Literature: Inflections, Deflections and Reflections
This chapter seeks to examine the figurations and configurations of 'kingship' reflected in different Vedic literary narratives in general and particularly aims at foregrounding how 'kingship' that happens to be one of the oldest forms of political governance, originated in Vedic times and how it became multifaceted with the passage of time. This chapter particularly seeks to employ three epistemological lenses - govern(mentality), sacral (infra)structuralism and planetarity - to lay down how the Vedic notion of 'kingship' underwent 'intensive' changes and how it stood in conformity with varied dimensions of contemporary political ecology. Besides that, this chapter aims at bringing out how Vedic notion of 'kingship' embodies the limits of 'human' by means of performing a liaison between the Almighty and ordinary human beings. Finally, at the end, royal haecceities of Vedic 'kingship' are critically taken up to facilitate readers to grasp the ontological and onticological fluidity of Vedic understanding of 'kingship'. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Nizar Zouidi; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Learn, unlearn, and relearn: A step towards bringing resilience in business organizations in the post-COVID-19 regime
The world on a whole has undergone a paradigm shift in its journey with the onset of the COVID-19 threat. Business houses of any stature tremendously suffered towards their consistent and competitive survival. Means and measures are few to implement and very challenging in reaping the benefits. Sheer fall in GDP, dropping in the rate of industrialization and productivity are no unknown facts in the present-day scenario. Indians are unfortunate to embrace the pandemic at the juncture of planning and forecasting of India becoming a five trillion dollar economy by 2025. 2022, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
The brain at work: Understanding how neuroscience shapes organizational behavior
This book chapter delves deep into the realm of organizational behaviour through the lenses o neuroscience, aiming to shed light on the convoluted relationship between the brain, behaviour and organizational dynamics. The integration of neuroscience and organizational behaviour offer profound insights into understanding the underlying mechanisms driving human behaviour at the workplace. The foundation lies in establishing an extensive understanding of neuroscience principles and their relevance in shaping the organizational behaviour. Central to this exploration are the key brain areas such as the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, each playing a prominen role in influencing employee choices, emotional responses, memory, and decision-making processe within an organizational setting. Additionally, neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin are examined for their impact on motivation, reward-seeking behaviour, mood regulation, and socia interactions in the workplace. Building upon these foundational concepts, the chapter investigate the benefits of integrating neuroscience into organizational behaviour research and practice Notably, it addresses the importance of understanding unconscious biases and their implications on decision-making processes, aiming to foster fairer and more equitable organizational environments Moreover, the study explores how insights from neuroscience can optimize employee well-being engagement, and workplace satisfaction by identifying neural mechanisms associated with stress burnout, and work-life balance. 2024 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Toxic text classification
The users of the Internet increase every moment with increasing population and accessibility of the Internet. With the increase in the number of users of the Internet, the number of controversies, arguments and abuses of all kinds increases. It becomes necessary for social media and other sites to identify toxic content amongst a large number of content being posted by the users of the sites every second. The traditional algorithms that depend on users reporting toxic content for it to be deleted and necessary actions to be taken against the users posting the content would take a long time, within which it would have gained media attention and would have lead to huge fights over the content. Thus, it becomes important for the content to be evaluated for toxicity at the time it is posted in order to stop it from being posted. Therefore, we have designed and trained a deep learning model that can be read through the textual content given through it and determine if it is toxic or not. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021. -
Classifying bipolar personality disorder (bpd) using long short-term memory (lstm)
With the advancement in technology, we are offered new opportunities for long-term monitoring of health conditions. There are a tremendous amount of opportunities in psychiatry where the diagnosis relies on the historical data of patients as well as the states of mood that increase the complexity of distinguishing between bipolar disorder and borderline disorder during diagnosis. This paper is inspired by prior work where the symptoms were treated as a time series phenomenon to classify disorders. This paper introduces a signature-based machine learning model to extract unique temporal pattern that can be attributed as a specific disorder. This model uses sequential nature of data as one of the key features to identify the disorder. The cases of borderline disorder that are either passed down genetically from parents or stem from exposure to intense stress and fear during childhood are discussed in this study. The model is tested with the synthetic signature dataset provided by the Alan Turing Institute in signature-psychiatry repository. The end result has 0.95 AUC which is an improvement over the last result of 0.90 AUC. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021. -
Supply chain leadership in emerging markets: Understanding the role of trust, information management, and collaboration
The massive growth of emerging economies in last two decades has attracted many global companies to expand their physical presence in these countries. But the ability to take advantage of those opportunities is only available to companies that appreciate the environmental challenges and complexity of the region. The lexicon of extant literature focuses on enhancing supply chain leadership and development of efficient and effective strategies in developed economies, yet the corresponding literature in emerging economies is very fragmented. The aim of this chapter is to synthesize the current literature to understand the phenomenon including its definitions, dimensions, and constructs and to propose a conceptual model for successful supply chain leadership in emerging markets. The study tries to understand and establish the impact of various factors of supply chain leadership, which leads to sustainable supply chain performance. Collaboration and information management emerge as the major drivers for supply chain leadership in emerging markets and identifies trust as a mediating factor. 2020 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
LRD: Loop Free Routing Using Distributed Intermediate Variable in Mobile Adhoc Network
One of the critical challenges in the design of the mobile adhoc networks is to design an efficient routing protocol. Mobility is an unique characteristics of wireless network, which leads to unreliable communication links and loss of data packets. We present a new algorithm, Loop Free Routing with DIV (LRD) is introduced which prevents loops and count to infinity problem using intermediate variables. In addition it finds the shortest path between source and destination. The analysis shows that DIV is compatible with all the routing protocol as it is independent of the underlying environment. The proposed algorithm LRD is compared with the existing algorithm of DIV to prove its applicability in the any routing environment. The simulation results show that LRD excels AODV routing protocol while considering throughput and packet delivery ratio. The new algorithm assures that the routing protocol is shortest loop-free path and outperforms all other loop-free routing algorithms previously proposed from the stand point of complexities and computations. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020. -
Use Cases of Intelligent Manufacturing
In the sphere of manufacturing, the adoption of Intelligent Manufacturing (IM) has become crucial for maintaining competitiveness and efficiency. This abstract chapter explores the paradigms and progression of IM, tracing the evolution from Industry 1.0 to Industry 5.0. It highlights the significance of digital manufacturing and the Internet of Things in enhancing connectivity. The chapter demonstrates the importance of IM through its diverse applications, including supply chain management, logistics, and warehouse automation. The authors examine the transformative influence of artificial intelligence on order management, predictive maintenance, and the creation of virtual twins. Real-world examples, such as GEs utilization of AI to accelerate product design and Toyotas partnership with Invisible AI for optimizing production quality control, illustrate the practical advantages of IM in driving innovation and operational efficiency. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the various aspects of IM, highlighting its current and future impact on the manufacturing sector. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Alka Chaudhary, Vandana Sharma, and Ahmed Alkhayyat individual chapters, the contributors. -
Transforming healthcare engagement in the medtech industry through digital marketing
[No abstract available] -
Toward precision agriculture in Cyber-Physical Agricultural System
Agriculture 4.0 or Agri 4.0 is a newly developed system that consists of various digital technologies adapted from Industry 4.0 based on smart automation. Agriculture 4.0 is a subset of Industry 4.0 aimed at sustainable precision agriculture (PA) and increasing agricultural efficiency using digital technologies and the Internet of Things. The cyber-physical system (CPS) is the seamless integration of digital and physical domains and when CPS is applied in agriculture, it is termed cyber-physical agricultural system (CPAS). The application of CPS in carrying out PA with sustainable management of resources is termed Agri 4.0. Research papers are reviewed to understand the bigger picture behind various details of digital technologies and CPS with a focus on agriculture 4.0 and to determine its applications, challenges, and developments in the field. It is apparent that most of the small and marginal farms in remote areas are not able to use this technology due to a lack of knowledge and resources. It is the need of the hour to support these farmers by making favorable policies and appropriating budgets such that it will lead to more profitable and sustained PA and in the process contribute to the social and economic upliftment of farmers of India. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Development and validation of middle school under performers checklist in India through virtual platforms post-COVID-19
Education is a holistic development that must be nurtured through hybrid or virtual educational practices. The pandemic brought a sense of psychosocial distress among teenagers that urged the need to understand these psychosocial competencies. Often, our Indian education system is unable to assess the challenging psychosocial competencies of learners in varied learning platforms. Hence, there is a need in todays context to harness adolescents holistic learning to be more flexible, and interactive with innovative instructional methodologies, creative assessment strategies, and virtual resource tools. These psychosocial open learning resources need to be advocated by educators and counsellors for the well-being of teenagers. Thus, this quantitative study aimed to develop a checklist to identify the psychosocial concerns of underperformers in an open learning system. Hence, educators and counsellors must be equipped to recognise their psychosocial concerns to handhold them into becoming autonomous thinkers and contributors in their society. This would further establish the seed of sustainability. Thus, this study aimed to develop and validate a checklist as a psychometric measure to identify middle school underperformers social and personal abilities. The study group comprised 359 school educators and counsellors in Bangalore and Mashed, India (299 educators and 60 counsellors). The checklist was developed using Develop (2016) and Oldenburgs principles of scale development (2021). The Cranach coefficient of the checklist was.924 for 12 items. The statistical results indicated the validation of the checklist as a tool for identifying psychosocial challenges of eighth-grade underperformers as reliable. Exploratory Factor Analysis reduced these items into two distinctive factors. The findings suggest that the checklist can be used as an innovative educational toolkit to identify middle school underperformers personal and social abilities. Further experimentation of this study can be taken up with a larger intergenerational population. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Asma Parveen and Rajesh Verma; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Strategies to achieve carbon neutrality and foster sustainability in data centers
Data centers and transmission networks are crucial in the digital age, with the market expected to grow from $50 billion in 2021 to $120 billion by 2030. However, their extensive computing infrastructure and continuous operation generate significant heat, necessitating energy-intensive cooling systems. The IEA report revealed that data center power consumption surged by over 60% between 2015 and 2021, with transmission networks experiencing a 60% usage increase. Addressing these growing energy demands poses significant challenges for the industry, with some countries considering restrictions on new data center licenses due to environmental concerns. To mitigate the climate impact, the industry must prioritize the procurement of low-carbon or carbon-free electricity to reduce Scope 2 emissions related to electricity, heating, and cooling. Tech giants like AWS, Google, and Meta/Facebook have already adopted ambitious public targets, either running on carbon-free electricity or investing in global projects for cost-effective and large-scale emissions reduction. 2024, IGI Global. -
Rapid Prototyping Methods in Manufacturing of Biomedical Implants: A Review
The advancements in science and technology have given the flexibility in various levels for the scientists to manufacture variety of components. Rapid prototyping is one of the most sought-after techniques in the field of biomedical engineering for material manufacture. Bio-inertness, biocompatibility, and manufacturability are the desirable properties for biomedical applications. The review aims to provide a valuable contribution to the biomedical field, by identifying and comparing the rapid prototyping methods on the basis of time, quality, and cost. This work is dedicated to study, identify, and compare different methods of rapid prototyping in the manufacture of biomedical implants, the materials used for these processes. It also encompasses comparison of the process parameters for each manufacturing method and the advantages and disadvantages of the processes. Polysiloxane, hydroxyapatite, bioceramics, and titanium alloys due to its bio-inertness and nontoxic nature are some of the identified materials in the current review of the research. The highly sophisticated and complex biomedical implant manufacturing by various methods was studied and compared. Immense researches are being carried out in this novel field and are more prevalent in biomedical field due to its beautiful characteristics. The rapid advanced technological methods facilitate immediate intervention and faster treatment of the patient which reduces the risk and helps in faster recovery. 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.