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Ensuring robust and secure supply chain: Deploying blockchain
Transparency, visibility, security, source-to-store traceability, and rising customer expectation are the critical points in the retail supply chain. The global supply chain involves a nexus of manufacturers and suppliers who urge for a robust network addressing the above challenges in the supply chain. A better provenance tool can benefit retailers, as customers are more concerned about the retail journey of the product start from its origin. Within the small span since its inception, blockchain has revolutionized the businesses and shown promising result in reshaping the supply chain. Blockchain in retail can provide evidence for the authenticity of product, tacking details for reliable retail delivery and enriching customer experience through product provenance. This chapter aims to explain to retailers the challenges, opportunities, and potential application of blockchain in the retail supply chain. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Entrepreneurship education: Innovations and best practices
Entrepreneurship education has become a priority for policy-makers especially in developing countries. Such interventions in the education system are expected to create a culture of entrepreneurship in the society and thereby bring economic benefits through the enterprising behaviour of individuals resulting in better performance of existing organizations as well as creation of new ventures. While the process appears to be simple and straightforward, the experiences have often belied the expectations. The fact that it is rather difficult to assess the long-term impact of entrepreneurship education adds to the confusion and ambiguities. Educators therefore have been tinkering with various aspects of entrepreneurship education and training in the hope of arriving at the best design. Obviously, this has led to many innovations in the curriculum, pedagogy, target groups and institutions involved in entrepreneurship education. The present paper attempts to document these innovations and best practices under a 'WHAT-HOW-WHO-WHERE' framework to capture the four domains of activities involved. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, we have developed a fairly comprehensive picture of what is happening in the field and proposed a theoretical model highlighting the dual role of entrepreneurship education, namely developing enterprising individuals in the society and providing knowledge and skills required for enterprise creation. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017. All rights are reserved. -
Environment or Development: The Way Forward
This chapter explores the relationship between the environment and development, focusing on the challenges of balancing environmental protection and development goals. Historical perspectives on development and the environment and the emergence of sustainable development are discussed. The chapter examines the challenges in balancing economic growth, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability, with particular attention given to the issues of climate change and ecological justice. Sustainable development is presented as a solution, with examples of sustainable development initiatives. Critical strategies for balancing environment and development are outlined, including ecosystem-based approaches, integrated land-use planning, the green and circular economy, and sustainable consumption and production. The role of different stakeholders, including governments, the private sector, and civil society, is also discussed. The chapter concludes with recommendations for policymakers and other stakeholders on effectively balancing environmental protection and development goals. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Environmental Applications of Green Engineered Copper Nanoparticles
Naturally engineered nanomaterials in recent times have myriad potential in different fields. Moreover, green derived nanoparticles (NPs) encourage broader implementation for wider applications. Amongst many metals, copper and its oxide-based nanoparticles (CuONPs) have increased utmost consideration owing to its specific characteristics, abundance, and cost-effectiveness. Major setback of chem-ical and physical methods of synthesising CuONPs involves high cost along with environmental hazards. Aforementioned challenge compelled researchers to explore green synthesised CuONPs that is much cheaper, efficient, economically beneficial, non-toxic, and eco-friendly. Existing plant-based CuONPs have potential efficiency to enhance the toxic effects against the plant pathogens and combating environmental pollution through bioremediation. Several extracts of plant derivatives have been used for the synthesis of CuONPs such as Azadirachta indica, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Murraya koenigii, Moringa oleifera, Tamarindus indica, Eclipta prostrate, Olea europaea, etc. Microbes as cell factories are more efficiently used as NPs compared to larger plants such as, green algae Botryococcus braunii, brown algae Macrocystis pyrifera, Bifurcaria bifurcate etc. Bio-based CuONPs have been applied in numerous fields such as pharmaceutical, molecular biology, bioremediation, cosmetics, textiles etc. Several of them also employed in dye degradation, water treatment, food preser-vation, Photovoltaic devices, solar energy conversions, and field emission emitters. However, as in clinical setup due to their efficacy these are exclusively used as anti-cancer, antimicrobial agents. Further, their high antioxidant potential renders them as an invaluable tool for biomedical devices. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Environmental applications of microbial fuel cells
The world is facing an energy crisis for non-renewable resources for the last decade. Hence, there is a search for highly efficient energy transformation techniques which utilizes alternate renewable energy sources. One such renewable energy production technology is Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) based on dynamic organisms like microbes. MFCs allow producing electricity using renewable organic waste through microbial cellular respiration, which helps in reducing the carbon footprint as well as the environmental pollution. MFCs can also be used in metal recovery by bio electrochemical recovery, because metal ions can be reduced and deposited on an electrode by bacteria, algae, yeasts, and fungi. Microbial carbon capture cells are advancements to MFC, where algal biomass provides oxygen for cathodic reduction in the cathodic chamber and is ideally considered as the plausible technologies to tackle the ever-increasing problem of global warming and increased CO2 concentration. The MFCs find application in environmental remediation with respect to harmful organic pollutants by neutralizing/degrading contaminated water and soil. The harmful organic pollutants that can be neutralized include organic dyes, pesticides, insecticides, antibiotics, phenolic nitro phenolic compounds, and many others. This gives a long-term solution for pollutant degradation that is also environmentally acceptable. MFC-based biosensors have recently emerged as the next-generation biosensing technique for environmental monitoring. 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Environmental sensors: Safeguarding the ecosystem by monitoring sanitary pad disposal
This chapter focuses on the applications of environmental sensors in general and their role in identifying and addressing the issues related to the improper disposal of sanitary pads, which is a growing concern. It also gives an overview of the pollutants associated with it, and the role that environmental sensors can play in mitigating this problem. By harnessing the power of advanced sensing technologies, we can gain a better understanding of the environmental impact of sanitary pad disposal and work towards sustainable solutions. This chapter aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for researchers and practitioners working to create a cleaner and healthier environment and generate self-awareness for individuals in safeguarding ecosystem. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Equitable and inclusive online learning: A framework for supporting students with disabilities
Online learning has become a widely adopted mode of education, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In general, individuals with disabilities face challenges when using non-technology components for studying. This chapter proposes a framework for equitable and inclusive online learning practices that support students with disabilities. The framework is based on a review of current research and best practices for online learning and disability accommodations. The framework emphasizes a collaborative, student-centered approach to online learning that acknowledges the unique needs and experiences of students with disabilities. Depending on the disabilities, the framework is divided into two phases namely: Prevalent Learning, and Discrete Learning. The former comprised components: Accessibility, Accommodation, and Engagement, and later has components like Methodology, Evaluation. The framework proposed provides a roadmap for addressing the challenges faced by students with disabilities in online learning environments. 2023 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Eradication of Global Hunger at UN Initiative: Holacracy Process Enriched byHuman Will and Virtue
The researchers have directed their attention to the UNs 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with a specific focus on two critical objectives: hunger and poverty alleviation. While the UN has been vocal about eradicating hunger and poverty, the researchers believe that a fundamental shift in human perspective is needed. They propose a novel approach rooted in holacracy to revolutionize food production, distribution, and management. At the core of their proposal lies the ancient Indian principle, Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, which translates to The World Is One Family. While it may seem utopian, the researchers see it as a reachable goal through holacracy. Their hypothesis centres on producing food for all and collectively utilizing it, transcending national boundaries and individual interests. The researchers advocate for a transformation in the way the UN operates by embracing holacracy as a practical social technology rather than a mere concept. Holacratic organizations, they argue, have the potential to remove barriers obstructing progress. The implementation of their vision begins with the UN functioning as a global nerve centre for data, with its 193 member nations acting as equal and interdependent contributors. This Centre would display the worldwide food landscape and foster a moral and ethical awakening, emphasizing the shared responsibility for all humanity. Real-time data on food availability, supply chains, and consumption would be accessible on a public website. Holacracy, they contend, should inspire individuals to prioritize love for humanity as a panacea. Power circles interconnect to collaboratively address issues. The UN could serve as a catalyst for this transformation. The knowledge nerve centre would provide critical data on arable land, water resources, and supply chain infrastructure to facilitate problem-solving at various levels. Timely responses and actions would be driven by the principles of holacracy and advanced digital technologies, addressing concerns hindering the achievement of UN goals. This data-driven approach, coupled with actionable plans, aims to eliminate food shortages and subsequently combat poverty and hunger worldwide. In conclusion, the researchers envision a future where holacracy and a shared sense of responsibility propel humanity towards ending hunger and poverty, with the UN playing a pivotal role as a catalyst for change and a provider of essential data and guidance. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Estimation of secured wireless sensor networks and its significant observation for improving energy efficiency using cross- learning algorithms
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have as of late been created as a stage for various significant observation and control applications. WSNs are continuously utilized in different applications, for example, therapeutic, military, and mechanical segments. Since the WSN is helpless against assaults, refined security administrations are required for verifying the information correspondence between hubs. Because of the asset limitations, the symmetric key foundation is considered as the ideal worldview for verifying the key trade in WSN. The sensor hubs in the WSN course gathered data to the base station. Despite the fact that the specially appointed system is adaptable with the variable foundation, they are exposed to different security dangers. Grouping is a successful way to deal with vitality productivity in the system. In bunching, information accumulation is utilized to diminish the measure of information that streams in the system. 2021 by IGI Global. -
Ethical AI in Humanitarian Contexts: Challenges, Transparency, and Safety
This chapter elaborates on how emerging technologies for artificial intelligence (AI) can help create social change and solve worldwide problems. The chapter brings to light the issue of ethical matters and responsible AI practices that should be considered to avoid technology usage by the vulnerable population to harden already present inequalities. This chapter also examines the role of AI in ensuring that quality education is accessible to all, in addressing poverty through innovative approaches, and in the amplification quest of human rights advocacy by marginalized groups. This chapter presents a complete picture of the impact of AI on humanitarianism, exemplifying the devices of new horizons and emphasizing the necessity of responsible and inclusive applications. This chapter provides findings and advice for researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and all interested parties who are involved in using the new technologies to make their world fairer and well-sustained. The chapter aims to comprehend the AI-humanitarianism nexus and simultaneously proclaim safety measures and transparency for the sake of social upheaval. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Adeyemi Abel Ajibesin and Narasimha Rao Vajjhala; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Ethical dimensions of GIS data privacy: Examining the intersection of ethics and privacy
The proliferation of mapping technologies has spurred significant attention to the ethical conduct surrounding geographic information systems (GIS). Various studies have explored these ethical considerations. Academic map and geography libraries are increasingly responsible for managing geospatial datasets, emphasizing the need for maintaining ethical standards in data archiving, cataloging, and distribution. Moral concerns about geospatial technologies encompass data accuracy, copyright, and quality assurance. Users of geospatial data must discern between ground-truth data and voluntary contributions, particularly with the rise of social media and participatory GIS. This chapter discusses the concerns concerning GIS data and the important data privacy issues while using GIS data. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Ethical imperatives and frameworks for responsible AI adoption in digital entrepreneurship
This study explores ethical dimensions in AI adoption for digital entrepreneurship. Thematic analysis highlights transparency, fairness, and accountability. Findings recommend comprehensive ethical guidelines, inclusive decision-making, and robust accountability mechanisms. Practical implications extend to digital ventures, policymakers, and educators. Future research may delve into industry-specific nuances, cross-cultural analyses, and the longitudinal impact of ethical frameworks, contributing significantly to responsible AI adoption discourse in digital entrepreneurship. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Ethics of digital journalism
Marshall McLuhan proposed that technological changes impact society. Digital media has enabled journalists to reach their audiences instantly with the news. Journalists need more time to decide what to report and how to present it. Ethics is the belief about what is morally correct or acceptable. Traditionally, newspaper reporters devised moral codes to help them in their professional decision-making. There emerged an almost universal set of principles that guided journalists in their profession. Television journalists were compelled to draw up a code of ethics to ward off criticism about sensationalism. Digital media has blurred the distinction between professional and citizen journalists. Twitter allows the man in the street to break the news as it happens. Privacy and copyright are just two of the significant issues that digital journalists must deal with. Digital media throws up these challenges, and this chapter aims to answer them. Is it acceptable to extend the ethical standards of old media to the digital space, or do we need a new set of ethics to guide digital journalists? New principles and ethical standards are being framed to tackle the unique challenges of digital news media. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. All rights reserved. -
Evaluating the impact of microlearning and micro-lessons and implications for general education
The educator training approach known as microteaching, which is used now all over the world, offers teachers the chance to sharpen their teaching abilities by enhancing the many straightforward activities referred to as teaching skills. Microteaching supports the growth of in-person teaching experiences thanks to its success with both beginners and older students. The fundamental abilities of microteaching, such as exposition and reinforcing abilities, aid new instructors in mastering the craft of instruction with ease and to the fullest. This method's effects have been widely observed in a variety of educational settings, including the biological sciences, health sciences, and other fields. The chapter reflects upon the basic concepts of microteaching, microlearning, and micro lessons. The study discusses the fundamental teaching techniques, implementation issues, and the effects of microlearning on education. The study also throws light on the impact and advances of technology on microlearning in the context of the digital age. 2024, IGI Global. -
Evaluation of Consumer Experiences by Extended AIDUA Framework in the World of the Metaverse the Future of Next-Gen Hospitality
The hospitality industry is continuously exploring novel ways to enhance consumer experiences, and the advent of the metaverse presents exciting prospects for transforming guest interactions. The metaverse can provide an immersive, 3D social experience of a virtual world by using technologies like virtual reality and augmented reality, which helps bridge the gap between the real and virtual worlds. This study explores consumer experiences in the metaverse in the hospitality context. Using the extended AIDUA (artificial intelligence device usage acceptance) model, the research aims to comprehensively analyze customers willingness to accept the metaverse in the dynamic digital landscape. The objective of this study is to investigate how the metaverse revolutionizes consumer experiences in the hospitality sector, specifically in the context of room and amenity booking, in-house events, and virtual tours. In this study, a three-step cognitive appraisal process with utilitarian motivation and the attitude of the customers that determines customers willingness and objection to utilizing AI devices is evaluated through secondary data. The metaverse empowers guests to optimize in-house event participation, seamlessly navigate their stay through taking a virtual walkthrough to explore a higher-end suite, and touring the city virtually. Practical implications for industry practitioners and researchers seeking to exploit the potential of the metaverse to create an immersive and unforgettable consumer experience in the ever-evolving landscape of hospitality are explored in this chapter. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Park Thaichon, Pushan Kumar Dutta, Pethuru Raj Chelliah and Sachin Gupta; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Evaluation of tourism infrastructure around the ancient marvels of Mahabalipuram and Pattadakal
India is rich in culture and well-known for its mythological knowledge. It has plenty of architectural marvels recognized by UNESCO and maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). For this chapter, two of the cultural UNESCO sites, Mahabalipuram and Pattadakal, have been taken as the scope of the chapter. The introduction section talks about the history of the monuments and provides a brief overview of the tourism infrastructure. The following section, evaluation of tourism infrastructure, aims to analyze Mahabalipuram and Pattadakal's tourism infrastructure using four parameters: transportation and connectivity, accommodation, gastronomical facilities, and tourist amenities. An observational study of the sites was conducted between December 2023 and January 2024. This is followed by the recommendations provided by the authors to improve the tourism infrastructure in these sites and, finally, the chapter's conclusion and future scope for researchers. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Evolutionized industry with the Internet of Things
Technological development has led us to various paths. Though each technological change has evolved in its own space and time, it resulted in amenities and a pragmatic approach to problem-solving. One such technology is the "Internet of Things" - IoT which was coined in the year 1999 by a computer scientist called Kevin Ashton. Despite its start in the late 90s, it has come a long way to achieve the status of 10 Billion active IoT devices by the end of 2021, with the IoT solutions costing an estimated economic value of 4-11 trillion by 2025. 2023, IGI Global. -
Examining Pre- and Post-ERP Adoption Challenges Confronting SMES: A Study on South Indian Companies
In todays dynamic and fiercely competitive business world, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can benefit greatly from using enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Because these technologies may revolutionize decision-making, data management, and operational efficiency, they are a compelling choice for SMEs who aspire to thrive in their respective industries. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), focusing on the challenges encountered during the pre and post-adoption phases. The research incorporates quantitative data from 36 SMEs that have undergone ERP implementation. The study aims to unravel the challenges of ERP adoption in SMEs through statistical analysis, including paired and independent samples t-tests, Pearson Chi-square tests, and non-parametric tests such as Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Mann-Whitney tests. The findings reveal a significant reduction in operational challenges post-ERP adoption, highlighting the efficiency gains from ERP systems. The findings advocate for a strategic approach to ERP adoption, emphasizing the importance of vendor selection and the nuanced role of employee training in ensuring the successful integration and utilization of ERP systems within SMEs. It is also important to establish a continuous monitoring and evaluation mechanism to resolve issues when and where occurred. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Exosomes as an emerging nanoplatform for functional therapeutics
The release of a division of extracellular entities with 40-100 nm dimension from both tumor and varied mesenchymal stem cells during pathologic conditions is termed as exosomes that are shown to actively participate in chemical signaling events occurring in multicellular organisms infection. Exosomes act as a vehicle for shifting amino acids, lipids, and genetic components that are readily engulfed by far-flanging cells (or adjacent cells) at the site of release for remolding the receptor cell functions once the biological contents get activated. Furthermore, pathogens too display the dispense of exosomes to temper the hosts immune response and trigger the infection rate, making them apt investigation markers for diseases. Additionally, aiding in antigen presentation and immune response stimulation, exosomes are significant in showing contrasting role as initiating anticarcinogenic responses and involving in promoting tumorigenesis as they are released from tumor cells. Due to their site specificity, cell lineage property, and encapsulation of specific constituents, exosomes can be potentially utilized as a precious investigatory and prognostic tool along with a possible carrier of drugs and gene shipment for curative goal. Since exosome groundwork is at the infancy stage, deeper insight is required to know its composition, formation, and targeting mechanism along with its significant role in disease diagnosis and treatment. This states, as mentioned previously, we have tried to focus solely on the functional and clinical implications of exosomes in-depth in this review. 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.