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Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes Using Artemisia stelleriana Besser Mediated Nanoparticles
Artemisia stelleriana is widely used as an ornamental plant and belongs to the family Asteraceae. In the current study, A. stelleriana-mediated Zinc oxide newlinenanoparticles (AS-ZnONPs), Silver nanoparticles (AS-AgNPs) and Silver/Zinc oxide bimetallic nanoparticles (AS-Ag/ZnONPs) were synthesised using one-pot method. The UV-Vis spectral analysis revealed characteristic peaks at 358 nm for AS-ZnONPs, newline425 nm for AS-AgNPs, and 357 nm and 473 nm for AS-Ag/ZnONPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis identified phytoconstituents taking part in newlinenanoparticle synthesis, manifesting the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, and newlineflavonoids. The synthesised AS-ZnONPs, AS-AgNPs, and AS-Ag/ZnONPs have a crystalline nature and were confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The crystallite sizes of the AS-ZnONPs, AS-AgNPs, and AS-Ag/ZnONPs were 22.54 nm, 18.67 nm, and 10.4 nm, respectively. Spherical-shaped Ag nanoparticles and hexagonal, cylindrical, and spherical-shaped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized from the leaf extract of A. stelleriana. The average size of the synthesised nanoparticles was 37.6 nm and 71.2 nm for AS-ZnONPs and AS-AgNPs, respectively. On the other hand, spherical-shaped AS-Ag/ZnONPs were synthesized with an average size of 35.3 nm. The photocatalytic degradation activity of AS-ZnONPs showed 93.44%, 47%, 94.76%, 99.9%, and 74.82% degradation for Reactive Blue 220 (RB220), Reactive Blue 222A (RB222A), Reactive Red 120 (RR120), Reactive Yellow 145 (RY145) and newlineReactive Yellow 86 (RY86) dyes respectively after 320 min of UV light exposure. ASZnONPs showed positive results for all five dyes and a better percentage of degradation was observed in a 5 ppm concentration of dye treated with 1 mg/mL concentration of newlineAS-ZnONPs. In the case of AS-AgNPs, RB220 and RB222A dyes showed positive results but no degradation was observed in the remaining three dyes. After 320 min of UV light exposure, AS-AgNPs showed 95.98%, and 100% degradation of RB220 and RB222A dyes respectively. -
Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes Using Quassia india (Gaertn.) Noot. Mediated Nanoparticles
Prognostic research points at the necessity and relevance of revamping polluted newlineenvironments. The toxic effect of textile dyes released into waterbodies can be reduced newlineby the degradation process and alternate methods in nanotechnology are used to lessen newlinethe gravity of the situation. Compared with chemical and physical nanoparticle synthesis, plant extract-based nanoparticle synthesis is an environmentally friendly alternative method. UV-visible spectrum analysis validated the production of nanoparticles (NPs), revealing unique peaks at 430 nm for Quassia indica (QI)- mediated Silver nanoparticles (QI-Ag NPs), 368 nm for QI-mediated Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (QI-Co3O4 NPs), 348 nm for QI-mediated Zinc oxide nanoparticles (QIZnO NPs, 350 nm and 408 nm for QI-mediated Silver/Zinc oxide nanoparticles (QIAg/ZnO NPs), 415 nm and 675 nm for QI-mediated Cobalt oxide/Zinc oxide newlinenanoparticles (QI-Co3O4/ZnO NPs). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) newlineinvestigation identified phytochemicals involved in nanoparticle synthesis. The X- Ray Diffraction (XRD) examination unveiled the crystalline structures of QI-mediated NPs. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) study revealed information on the hydrodynamic newlinediameter and colloidal stability of the NPs, which showed average particle size. Field newlineEmission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray newlineSpectroscopy (EDX) were used to investigate the morphology and elemental composition of NPs. The morphological shapes of QI-Ag NPs were spherical, QI-ZnO NPs showed hexagonal, QI-Co3O4 NPs displayed octahedral, QI-Ag/ZnO NPs exhibited spherical structure, and QI-Co3O4/ZnO NPs unveiled a mixture of octahedral and hexagonal shaped NPs. The High-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) validated the NPs size and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) newlineconfirmed the crystalline characteristics. -
Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes Using Strobilanthes Species Mediated Nanoparticles
Discharge of dye pollutants from textile industries jeopardizes ecosystem by leading to grave threats like contamination of water resources and hazardous health effects. The current study points and focuses at the synthesis, characterization, dye degradation and toxicity analysis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) derived from Strobilanthes barbatus and Strobilanthes hamiltoniana leaf extracts. UV-visible spectrum analysis validated the biogenesis of ZnO and Ag NPs, revealing unique peaks at 359 nm for ZnOSB NPs, 360 nm for ZnOSH NPs, 428 nm for AgSB NPs, and 432 nm for AgSH NPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) investigation identified phytochemicals involved in nanoparticle synthesis, manifesting the presence of flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination disclosed the crystalline structures of ZnOSB NPs, ZnOSH NPs, AgSB NPs and AgSH NPs displayed an average crystalline size of 22.29 nm, 26.9 nm, 23.5 nm and 20.6 nm. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) study revealed information on the hydrodynamic diameter and colloidal stability of the NPs, which showed average particle size for ZnOSB NPs, ZnOSH NPs, AgSB NPs and AgSH NPs as 91.6 nm, 165.4 nm, 142.3 nm and 255.3 nm. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to investigate the morphology and elemental composition of ZnO NPs and Ag NPs, revealing particle shape and size variations. The morphological shapes of ZnOSB NPs were spherically shaped NPs, ZnOSH NPs showed rod-shaped NPs, AgSB NPs and AgSH NPs both showed spherical-shaped NPs. The High-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) validated the nanoparticles' size and crystalline characteristics, similar to FESEM. The photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes using ZnO NPs and Ag NPs were researched, and the results revealed that diverse dyes degraded efficiently under UV light exposure. The ZnO NPs and Ag NPs showed excellent catalytic degradation at dye (Reactive Blue 220, Reactive Blue 222A, Reactive Yellow 145, and Reactive Yellow 86) concentrations of 1 ppm, 5 ppm, and 10 ppm with NP concentrations of 1 mg/ml. Chemical kinetics research unveiled that the degrading processes had pseudo-first-order kinetics. It has been observed that nanoparticles such as ZnO NPs and Ag NPs can maintain their photocatalytic activity across multiple cycles of dye degradation. Phytotoxicity tests conveyed that ZnO and Ag NPs were beneficial in lowering seed germination inhibition and toxicity in Vigna radiata. The brine shrimp lethality experiment indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles were not hazardous. This comprehensive work gives insight and sheds light on the synthesis, characterization, and use of ZnO and Ag NPs utilizing plant extracts, highlighting their promise for environmental remediation and sustainable nanoparticle synthesis. -
Physicochemical Modifications on Fibrous Substrates for Sensing and Separation Applications
Fibers are forms of matter characterized by flexibility, fineness, and a high length-tothickness ratio, embodying properties such as large surface-area-to-volume ratio, newlinecontinuity, flexibility in surface functionalities, superior mechanical performances, ability to absorb dye and moisture, etc. Fibers can be transformed into coils, yarns, or fabrics by twisting or overlapping, resulting in fibrous substrates that are self-standing, flexible, and possessing excellent mechanical properties and large specific surface areas. The porosity, functionality, hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties, and functional characteristics for desirable applications can be achieved by various modifications of the fiber substrates. Physical (e.g., composite material blending, coating) and chemical (e.g., surface hydrolysis, chemical crosslinking) methods have been used to modify fiber substrates. These physicochemical modifications render the newlinefibers suitable for specialized applications such as food packaging, food spoilage newlinedetection, and wastewater treatment. Existing modification strategies for preparing indicators for food quality monitoring are newlinenot user-friendly, equipment-free, and cannot be used without training and expertise. Newer approaches to the modification of fiber substrates are thus essential to provide newlinesuitable indicators for household settings. There is also a requirement for straightforward methods that quantifies the color to indicate the quality of food and newlinefacilitates its use in domestic environments without personal expertise or laboratory newlinesetup. In this regard, we focused on developing simple physicochemical modifications of fibrous substrates for food-quality monitoring. In our first work, natural jute fiber was subjected to delignification to incorporate pH-sensitive anthocyanins. This indicator was used as a point-of-care colorimetric indicator for monitoring fish quality. -
Piracy in fashion business and protection for the creativity of designers: A comparative study /
The fashion business is one of the fastest-paced industries today. Beyond the simple act of selling clothing, a company's ability to create and capitalize on a distinctive brand is a crucial factor in achieving sustained success in this industry. When a style or brand becomes well-known, many others copy it mindlessly, which causes a huge loss for the people who made the original products. We also encounter fake products from well-known brands very often, which not only ruin the fashion industry but also pose a serious risk to the economy. Fashion nowadays thus goes beyond only clothing and accessories. The substantial expansion of the fashion industry is significantly influenced by intellectual property. “Intellectual property law may be used to safeguard the originality of a wide variety of creations, including those in the fashion industry. The types of intellectual property and their applicability to the fashion industry have only been touched on briefly. The purpose of this dissertation is to educate the reader about current fashion trends, hotly debated problems, and the importance of intellectual property rights in the fashion business”. -
Planetarism and eco humanism in the buddhist beat bards allen ginsberg and gary snyder an interdisciplinary thematic study on their literature philosophy and ecological perspectives
The Beat Generation, also known as the Beat movement, were a group of American writers who emerged in 1950s. Among its most influential members were Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, Jack Kerouac, William Burrough, William Carlos Williams and Lawrence Ferlenghetti. What could be loosely described as the underlying philosophy was visionary enlightenment, Zen Buddhism, environmentalism and Amerindian culture. The Beat Generation invented a literary collage movement as a counter-brain wash method for reversing effect of Mass media-Military-Industrial-Communist-Capitalist-CIA-KGB disinformation reality image bank. A common theme that linked them together was a rejection of the newlineprevailing American middle class values, deterioration of the Planet s health, the newlinepurposelessness of modern society and the need for withdrawal and protest. The Beats have tried to break the restraints imposed on the western man s mind by the official ways of thinking. They find the official morality unacceptable and tried to arrive at metaphysical and ethical enlightenment through the methods adopted by the oriental thinkers like Gauthama Buddha, and Zen ascetics. They begin with the problems the western civilization is encountering, like the one of war and ecological degradation and use the concepts of oriental civilizations to find causes and remedies of the miseries people and the planet have been ecountering. The mechanistic paradigm underlying the industrial society gives way to the newlineviirealization that we belong to a living, self-organizing cosmos. General systems newlinetheory, emerging from the life sciences, brings fresh evidence to confirm ancient newlineindigenous teachings; the earth is live, mind is pervasive, all beings are our relations. newlineThe Beats rediscovered this perennial truth which changed our views about the planet newlineand its life systems. The beats were a product of the Second World War and of the cold war. -
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Play therapy as a rehabilitative measure among child survivors of bonded labour
A bonded labour condition is customarily because of relocation of persons due to the situations that are obligatory in nature. Bonded labour, which is characterized by a long-term affiliation between employer and employee, is usually congealed over a loan, and is entrenched complexly in India’s socio-economic culture - a culture that is a creation of class relations, a colonial history, and tenacious scarcity of resources among many citizens. The children living in such conditions face a lot of mistreatment and go through undeniable exploitation. The children present at the facility may or may not work with the parents yet go through a lot of pain, distress and abuse as the journey of cruelty and suffering is just the same as what their parent’s ordeal with. Children as young as 4 Years old are molested, beaten and abused on an average basis traumatizing the children before and after the rescue. These children are not permitted to enroll in schools as they do not have identity proofs or birth certificates. The only way of addressing the subject of emotional, physical and mental turbulence of the child in this perimeter is by enforcing play as a rehabilitative measure to help with past experiences and impending consequences. Play is essential to development because it contributes to the cognitive, physical, social, and emotional well-being of children and youth. Play also offers an ideal opportunity for parents or facilitators to engage fully with the children. Play allows children to use their creativity while developing their imagination, dexterity, and physical, cognitive, and emotional strength. When forms of play like puppetry, art, story-telling etc are added the child conjectures unpleasant feelings which she cannot hide the child is better able to act differently in relation to what he/she is feeling. The study aims to see if play therapy is a technique of rehabilitating child survivors of bonded labour. -
Political propaganda portrayed in Hindi films /
Politics being one of the central object in democratic and highly politicize country like India has its impact and influence on every walk of life of this country. Since the beginning of the 20th century cinema in many ways has influenced social consciousness and helped in shaping our inner understanding. Both cinema & politics become important aspects of our society. It is important to study how they interact and how cinema adopt or take shape via political discourse of this country. -
Political Representation of Mumbai Political Representation of Mumbai in Rohinton Mistrys Such a Long Journey and A Fine Balance
The representation of cities in works of literature is significant as it is these images of cities which are consumed throughout the world. The objective of this thesis is to examine the Political Representation of Mumbai in Rohinton Mistrys Such a Long Journey and A Fine Balance. I have used Stuart Halls essay The Work of Representation as the theoretical framework for analysing the two selected works of fiction. I have analysed representation in the two texts by applying the semiotic approach to representation; by studying the contextual major political events, characters and spaces in the city as signs which are encoded by the author in the texts to construct the city of Mumbai. It was found that the author encodes Such a Long Journey with the political representation of Mumbai as ??a city in siege, as ??a city in throes of conspiracy and as ??a city of struggle, squalor, pleasure, nostalgia, loss, spirituality and political power struggles and thus constructs the city of Mumbai in this novel . Moreover, the political representation of Mumbai in A Fine Balance is done by employing signs like Mumbai as ??a city grappling with a draconic state and its life-denying laws, Mumbai as ??an all-embracing and redemptive city and of Mumbai as ??a city great in its magnanimity but also great in its inadequacies. Thus, Mistry constructs Mumbai which is the signifying field on which Emergency politics are played out in the novel. -
Polyvinyl alcohol and epoxy based composites for radiation shielding applications
Extensive use of radioactive isotopes in medical fields, industries, and radiations in research and nuclear reactor establishments has increased the risk of exposure to directly and indirectly ionizing radiations. While charged particles such as beta, proton, alpha and heavy ions are directly ionizing radiations, X-rays and γ-rays are indirectly ionizing radiations. X-rays are often used to sterilize medical equipment and to treat cancer, while X-rays are used to provide static images of parts of the body such as teeth, bones, foreign substances within body, and are also used in industries to find fracture defects. According to the report by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP, 2009), the use of ionizing radiations in medical field has drastically increased from 15% to 48% during 1980-2006. These radiations having sufficient energy interact with human body causing damage to living tissues. Though beneficial, prolonged exposure to these radiations can cause both somatic as well as genetic damage depending on time, distance and the type of radiation exposure. Hence, precautionary measures against the hazardous effects caused by these radiations have become a major concern in modern times. While exposure to radiations is inevitable, the radiation effects can be reduced by limiting the time of exposure, increasing the distance from radioactive source and using suitable shielding material. -
Polyvinyl alcohol and epoxy based composites for radition shielding applications
The present study has been focused towards designing efficient, non-toxic and cost-effective shielding materials with good mechanical strength for protection against radiations encountered in various environments like aerospace, hospitals, research and nuclear reactor establishments. From this perspective, to impart desired shielding properties, high Z filler dispersed polymer matrices such as Bi/WO3-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Ta2O5-epoxy, Ta2O5-Bi2O3-epoxy, micro Bi2O3-epoxy and nano Bi2O3-epoxy with varying filler contents have been synthesized. Structural characterizations were carried out using X-ray diffraction newline(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to reveal the interactions newlinebetween filler and polymer matrix. The morphological analyses were performed using newlinescanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The AC conductivity measurements and newlineoptical studies revealed low conductivity property of the composites. The thermo newlinegravimetric analysis (TGA) and mechanical studies were conducted to ascertain thermal newlinestability and mechanical properties of the composites. With increase in filler concentration mechanical properties of Bi/WO3-PVA composites were found to be weakening. The TGA studies of Bi/WO3-PVA composites showed decrease in peak degradation temperature with increase in filler content. This prompted us to further design epoxy composites as epoxy matrix has good thermal stability and mechanical strength. Compared to neat epoxy, dispersion of varying wt% of Ta2O5 and Bi2O3 into epoxy matrix led to significant improvement in stiffness, storage modulus, glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the composites. Epoxy composites with 5 wt% of Ta2O5 and 30 wt% of Bi2O3 revealed better thermal and tensile properties when compared to same wt% Bi2O3 filled epoxy composites. The synergistic influence of micro and nano Bi2O3 filler on epoxy matrix composites showed similar thermal behaviour. -
Popularity of food blogs: Exploring the rationale /
Food blogs have been introduced to the world long years back. But it gained popularity only in recent years. It was considered as a leisure medium or as a hobby. The need for food blogs came into existence when people started to write about the food they ate or which they cooked. Most of the people who follow food blogs get attracted to the facts like the content, photographs, visual appeal etc. -
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Portrayal of branding of Kerala through bollywood movies /
India‟s top film industry like Bollywood portrays the heterogeneity of India to the world. Bollywood industry tries to portray the vast heterogeneous features of different states in India. The objective of this study is to observe and analysis the way Kerala is being branded in Bollywood movies. The study will look into the inclusive branding and representation of Kerala in aspects such as culture, religion, tradition, language, local people and destination. -
Portrayal of cricket in bollywood movies from 2011-2016 /
Movies and cricket are two of the big entertainment and revenue generating industries in India. The first feature film in India can be dated back to 1913 while cricket had its emergence in the 16th century itself. Cricket can also be seen in movies in recent years. This study focuses on films which were released between the years 2011 and 2016 which have depicted cricket in them. The study uses the Representation theory by Stuart Hall as a theoretical framework. -
Portrayal of India in western music videos /
The purpose of the study is to find out whether the perception of India in the western music videos are negative or positive. The researcher focuses on the various elements used by the creators of the music videos which depicts India. The songs selected by the researcher are the ones in which India is majorly shown (visuals, clothes, beats, etc.). The researcher conducts a perspective analysis from the point of view of experts from the music and the cultural studies background. -
PORTRAYAL OF INTRICACIES OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS IN SHYAMA PRASAD`S FILMS
Cinema is the mirror of the society; it reflects every aspects of life in the society on screen. All films on screen deals with the portrayal of human intricacies in relationships, but each director has a unique way in portraying the reflected reality through visual medium. Shyama Prasad is a versatile middle stream film maker of Malayalam movie industry. The study mainly aims to analyze his movies (three selected movies) for their uniqueness in portrayal of intricacies of human relationships, which makes them stand out in the crowd by adopting the qualitative (In-depth interviews, focus group discussion and content analysis) method. -
Portrayal of Latin American culture and characters in hollywood /
Latin American culture is known to be rich in terms of literature, art, music and history, but is also famous for its conservative attitude. There are however, a few aspects of the Latin American culture that are stereotyped in Hollywood films like their family system, drugs, mafia, religion and society and their economic status. -
Portrayal of Pakistanis in Kabir Khan films /
The Bollywood cinema has metamorphosed into an abiding passion for audience all over the world cutting across demographic and political boundaries. Besides the rather visible signs of the extensive hold that mainstream Hindi cinema has on Particularly the Indian society, the fact remains that, contemporary commercial Hindi films have reflected political and social concerns of all the time.