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Data encryption and decryption using graph plotting
Cryptography plays a vital role in today's network. Security of data is one of the biggest concern while exchanging data over the network. The data need to be highly confidential. Cryptography is the art of hiding data or manipulating data in such a way that where no third party can understand the original data while transmission from source to destination. In this paper, a modified affine cipher algorithm has been used to encrypt the data. The encrypted data will be plot onto a graph. Later, graph will be converted into image. This system allows sender to select his/her own keys to encrypt the original data before plotting graph. Then, Receiver will use the same key to decrypt the data. This system will provide the better security while storing the data in cloud in the form of secret message embedding in graphical image file in network environment. IAEME Publication. -
An enhanced biometric attendance monitoring system using queuing petri nets in private cloud computing with playfair cipher
Every educational institutions needs to analyse and monitor participation. Educationists believe that there should be a fair number of students available in the majority of their classes. In colleges participation is used a measure of consistency. To deal with this kind of a challenging situation, biometric based participation monitoring framework is being proposed. This proposed method with the assistance of face recognition will help in maintaining every detail about the present students in a classroom save the same in the class database. The camera captures the image of students and compares them with the existing visual data available in the database. In case, the software is not able to find a match for the captured data in the student database, the particular student is marked as absent. Queuing Petri nets help in fulfilling customised demands of various institutions along with providing better performance in terms of hold up time. With the application of this technology, classroom participation is recorded and saved every hour. The database is accessed and maintained using cloud services and necessary security measured are incorporated as provided by major private cloud service providers with playfair cipher technique. 2020, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Potassium tert-Butoxide-Mediated Synthesis of 2-Aminoquinolines from Alkylnitriles and 2-Aminobenzaldehyde Derivatives
KOtBu mediates the reaction between 2-amino arylcarbaldehydes and benzyl/alkyl cyanides toward the expeditious formation of 2-aminoquinolines under transition-metal-free conditions. The described transformation proceeds through in-situ generated enimine intermediate from benzyl/alkyl cyanides under KOtBu-mediated reaction conditions. The substituted 2-aminoquinolines were realized in excellent yields at room temperature and shorter reaction time. The designed process exhibits operational simplicity and broad functional group tolerance in delivering the products of high significance. 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Enhancing the energy efficiency for prolonging the network life time in multi-conditional multi-sensor based wireless sensor network
A wireless sensor network is one of the networks that is highly demanding by various real-time networking applications nowadays. A huge amount of sensor nodes is deployed in the network randomly and distributed. Most of the applications using wireless sensor network (WSN) are surveillance monitoring applications like a forest, home, healthcare, environment, and remote monitoring systems. Based on the application usage, the type of sensor, a number of sensor nodes are deployed in such a manner where the sensors can be used effectively. But the sensor nodes are restricted in the battery and sensing region. Thus, the battery of the sensor nodes is decreased based on the nodes function. The energy level of the sensor nodes highly affects the network lifetime. Improving the energy efficiency in WSN is one of the most important challenging tasks. Most of the earlier research works have proposed various methods, techniques, and routing protocols, but they are application dependent and as a common method. So, this paper is motivated to propose a Multi-Conditional Network Analysis (MCNA) framework for saving the energy level of the sensor nodes by reducing energy consumption. The MCNA framework involves two different clustering processes with cluster head selection, choosing the best nodes based on the signal strength, and the best route for data transmission. The data transmission is done by cluster based on source-destination based. The simulation results proved that the proposed MCNA framework outperforms the other existing methods. 2022 Northeastern University, China. -
An Efficient Routing Strategy for Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Network Using Hybrid Routing Protocols
In these days, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) shows a huge impact on all appliances but one of the huge challenges in WSN is management of energy because the nodes in the network run with battery power. As the replacement of energy drained nodes is difficult, and frequent failure of links may occur and it incurs huge data loss. To avoid this issue the we proposed a Hybrid Krill Herd and Spider Monkey with Grid-Based Data Dissemination (HKHSM-GBDD) protocol with the Shortest Energy Resourceful Routing (SERR) mechanism to develop an efficient and better wireless communication channel. The presented HKHSM framework is utilized to classify malicious and energy drained nodes in earlier stage and to detect the link failure. Furthermore, the SERR mechanism is processed to recover the link and route maintenance. This novel proposed protocol has improved packet delivery ratio and energy consumption. It also enhances energy state of sensor nodes by mounting its lifetime and rerouting. Finally, the competence of the proposed mechanism is compared with existing works and it shows significant improvement over existing algorithms for the considered parameters. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Earthquake and flood resilience through spatial Planning in the complex urban system
Urban Communities are exposed to different disaster risks. The paper aims at understanding the interrelation of spatial planning and the resilience of the urban communities for earthquakes and floods. Various spatial planning components were used to evaluate the community resilience to earthquake and flood in the city of Pune of Maharashtra state in India. It has been identified that spatial planning contributes to a greater extent in determining community resilience. Spatial planning results in differential resilience among communities. In the study area, economically weaker households are found to be more vulnerable to disaster risk due to their spatial locations and limited accessibility to share the resources. These factors are found to be contributing to reduced resilience in the city. 2022 The Authors -
Application of the Taguchi method and RSM for process parameter optimization in AWSJ machining of CFRP composite-based orthopedic implants
Abrasive water suspension jet (AWSJ) machining on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite-based orthopedic implants yielded insightful results based on experimental data and subsequent statistical validations. Underwater AWSJ cutting consistently outperformed free air cutting, with numerical findings demonstrating its superiority. For instance, at #100 abrasive size and 5 mm standoff distance (SOD), the material removal rate (MRR) peaked at 2.44 g/min with a kerf width of 0.89 mm and a surface roughness (SR) of 9.25 ?m. Notably, the increase in abrasive size correlated with higher MRR values, such as achieving 2.15 g/min at #120 grit and 3 mm SOD. Furthermore, optimization techniques like the Taguchi method and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to refine machining parameters. These methodologies enhanced MRR, exemplified by achieving 2.10 g/min with #120 abrasive size and 5 mm SOD in underwater cutting conditions. The research explored the impact of key process parameters, namely, the speed, feed, and SOD on the MRR, kerf width, and SR in both free air cutting and underwater cutting conditions, which is one of the novel research endeavors in the domain of abrasive jet machining of composites. 2024 the author(s) -
Hook-up culture among young Indian adults in Indian metropolitan cities
This study aimed to explore the existence of hook-up behaviour among emerging adults in the Indian metropolitan cities of Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata. The study used a survey design. The sexual behaviour subsection of the Sexual Behaviour Questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of the various types of hook-up behaviour. The results indicated that the participants frequency of hook-up behaviour was 55.13%. Overall hook-up behaviour was higher for males, whereas females reported the highest incidence of hook-up behaviour for kissing. Hook-up behaviour was highest for emerging adults living independently in apartments, followed by those living in paying guests/hostels and living with family. The findings provide evidence for a hook-up culture in Indian metropolitan cities. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Self-Care, burnout, and compassion fatigue in oncology professionals
Context: With the rising number of cancer cases in India, the stress levels of the treating team have increased. It has affected their self-care and made them susceptible to problems like burnout and compassion fatigue that adversely affect the quality of patient care. Aims: The aim of the study was to assess and compare the levels of burnout, compassion fatigue, and self-care in three groups of oncology professionals (clinical oncologists, nurses, and psychologists). Settings and Design: The study included 134 oncology professionals working in New Delhi, Bengaluru, and Mumbai. Methods and Material: Sociodemographic data sheet, Professional Quality of Life Scale V and Self-Care Assessment Worksheet were used. Statistical Analysis Used: Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Correlation Analysis. Results: The majority of the professionals reported moderate levels of burnout (60.4%) and compassion fatigue (56%). Oncology nurses reported an elevated risk as they scored significantly higher on these domains and had a lower degree of self-care. Interestingly, psychologists reported comparatively lower levels of burnout and compassion fatigue, despite the fact that they interact with the patients at a deeper level, looking after their psychological and emotional needs. Young age and a poor degree of self-care were identified as major risk factors. Conclusions: The moderate levels of burnout and compassion fatigue, though not severe, are a cause of concern and cannot be overlooked. The study highlights the need for self-care in this regard and suggests that individual and institutional level interventions, particularly for nurses and young professionals, would prove useful. 2020 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved. -
Khaki on Screen: Understanding the Representation of Cops in Malayalam Cinema
[No abstract available] -
Memes as multimodal ensemble
Memes have now become a common medium of communication. There are multiple ways memes are considered in academia. Semiotics offers information on how the media and modes that memes consist of can be interpreted and how the characteristics of semiotic resources apply to memes. Drawing from a pool of memes collected during the Kerala assembly election in 2021, this research argues that certain memes need to be categorised as multimodal ensemble. Different modalities play different roles meaning construction, and they also collaborate with each other for a uniform purpose. By comparing existing memes defined in academia and multiple methodologies to analyse memes, the paper puts forth a framework to analyse memes. 2023 De Gruyter Mouton. All rights reserved. -
Stirling number of the fourth kind and Lucky partitions of a finite set
The concept of Lucky k-polynomials and in particular Lucky ?polynomials was recently introduced. This paper introduces Stirling number of the fourth kind and Lucky partitions of a finite set in order to determine either the Lucky k- or Lucky ?-polynomial of a graph. The integer partitions influence Stirling partitions of the second kind. 2021 Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. -
A note on perfect lucky k-colourable graphs
This paper presents the notion of perfect Lucky k-colouring. Basic conditions for a perfect Lucky k-colourable graph are presented. Application thereof is then presented by obtaining the Lucky 4-polynomials for all connected graphs G on six vertices with ten edges. The chromatic number of these connected graphs is ?(G) = 3 or 4. For k = max{?(G): 3 or 4g = 4, it is possible to find Lucky 4-polynomials for all graphs on six vertices and ten edges. The methodology improves substantially on the fundamental methodology such that, vertex partitions begin with Lucky partition forms immediately. Finally, further problems for research related to this study are presented. 2020, International Scientific Research Publications. All rights reserved. -
Chromatic completion number
The well known concept of proper vertex colouring of a graph is used to introduce the construction of a chromatic completion graph and determining its related parameter, the chromatic completion number of a graph. The chromatic completion numbers of certain classes of cycle derivative graphs and helm graphs are then presented. Finally, we discuss further problems for research related to this concept. 2020 the author(s). -
Tattooing and the Tattoo Number of Graphs
Consider a network D of pipes which have to be cleaned using some cleaning agents, called brushes, assigned to some vertices. The minimum number of brushes required for cleaning the network D is called its brush number. The tattooing of a simple connected directed graph D is a particular type of the cleaning in which an arc are coloured by the colour of the colour-brush transiting it and the tattoo number of D is a corresponding derivative of brush numbers in it. Tattooing along an out-arc of a vertex v may proceed if a minimum set of colour-brushes is allocated (primary colours) or combined with those which have arrived (including colour blends) together with mutation of permissible new colour blends, has cardinality greater than or equal to dG+v. 2020 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Some new results on proper colouring of edge-set graphs
In this paper, we present a foundation study for proper colouring of edge-set graphs. The authors consider that a detailed study of the colouring of edge-set graphs corresponding to the family of paths is best suitable for such foundation study. The main result is deriving the chromatic number of the edge-set graph of a path, Pn+1, n ? 1. It is also shown that edge-set graphs for paths are perfect graphs. 2020 the author(s). -
On the rainbow neighbourhood number of set-graphs
In this paper, we present results for the rainbow neighbourhood numbers of set-graphs. It is also shown that set-graphs are perfect graphs. The intuitive colouring dilemma in respect of the rainbow neighbourhood convention is clarified as well. Finally, the new notion of the maximax independence, maximum proper colouring of a graph and a new graph parameter called the i-max number of G are introduced as a new research direction. 2020 the author(s). -
Rainbow neighbourhood number of graphs
In this paper, we introduce the notion of the rainbow neighbourhood and a related graph parameter namely the rainbow neighbourhood number and report on preliminary results thereof. The closed neighbourhood N [v] of a vertex v ? V (G) which contains at least one coloured vertex of each colour in the chromatic colouring of a graph is called a rainbow neighbourhood. The number of rainbow neighbourhoods in a graph G is called the rainbow neighbourhood number of G, denoted by r?(G). We also introduce the concepts of an expanded line graph of a graph G and a v-clique of v ? V (G). With the help of these new concepts, we also establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a rainbow neighbourhood in the line graph of a graph G. 2019 Johan Kokand Sudev Naduvath and Muhammad Kamran Jamil. -
Generalisation of the rainbow neighbourhood number and k-jump colouring of a graph
In this paper, the notions of rainbow neighbourhood and rainbow neigh-bourhood number of a graph are generalised and further to these general-isations, the notion of a proper k-jump colouring of a graph is also intro-duced. The generalisations follow from the understanding that a closed k-neighbourhood of a vertex v ? V (G) denoted, Nk [v] is the set, Nk [v] = {u: d(v, u) ? k, k ? N and k ? diam(G)}. If the closed k-neighbourhood Nk [v] contains at least one of each colour of the chromatic colour set, we say that v yields a k-rainbow neighbourhood. 2020, Eszterhazy Karoly College. All rights reserved. -
A Study on Ornated Graphs
In this paper, we introduce the notion of a finite non-simple directed graph called, an ornated graph. An ornated graph is a directed graph on n vertices, denoted by On(sl), whose vertices are consecutively labeled clockwise on the circumference of a circle and constructed from an ordered string sl. Joining vertices is such that for an odd indexed entry at of the string, a tail vertex vi has clockwise heads vj if and only if (i + at) ? j. For an even indexed entry as of the string, a tail vertex vi has anticlockwise heads vj if and only if (i - as) ? j. Some interesting results for certain types of ornated graphs are presented. 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company.