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Effect of calcination temperature on surface morphology and photocatalytic activity in TiO2 thin films prepared by Spin Coating technique
TiO2 thin films were deposited on glass substrate using Sol-Gel derived precursor by Spin Coating technique at different calcination temperatures. Structural identity of the prepared films was con-firmed by powder X-ray diffraction measurements. Morphology of the films was monitored using Atomic force microscopy and it was observed that calcination temperature of 400 C favored TiO2 nano-fibers. Photocatalytic activity of the films was checked by observing the degradation of herbicide Atrazine in UV region and the percentage of degradation was analyzed by HPLC method. 2014 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved. -
Cu/Pd bimetallic supported on mesoporous TiO2 for suzuki coupling reaction /
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, Vol.13, Issue 2, pp. 1-11, ISSN No. 1978-2993. -
Rainbow degree-jump coloring of graphs
In this paper, we introduce a new notion called the rainbow degree-jump coloring of a graph. For a vertex v ? V(G), let the degree-jump closed neighbourhood of this vertex be defined as Ndeg [v] = {u: d(v, u) ? d(v)}. A proper coloring of a graph G is said to be a rainbow degree-jump coloring of G if for all v in V(G), c(Ndeg [v]) contains at least one of each color class. We determine a necessary and sufficient condition for a graph G to permit a rainbow degree-jump coloring. We also determine the rainbow degree-jump chromatic number, denoted by ?rdj (G), for certain classes of cycle related graphs. Mphako-Banda E.G., Kok J., Naduvath S., 2021. -
Biodegradation studies of polyhydroxyalkanoates extracted from bacillus subtilis NCDC 0671 /
Research Journal of Chemistry And Environment, Vol.23, Issue 6, pp.107-114 -
Valorization of pineapple peels through single cell protein production using saccharomyces cerevisiae NCDC364 /
Applied Food Biotechnology, Vol.6, Issue 4, pp.255-263, ISSN No: 2345-5357. -
On /delta^(k)-colouring of Powers of Paths and Cycles
In animpropervertexcolouringofagraph,adjacentverticesarepermittedto receivesamecolours.Anedgeofanimproperlycolouredgraphissaidtobeabad edge ifitsendverticeshavethesamecolour.Anear-propercolouringofagraphis a colouringwhichminimisesthenumberofbadedgesbyrestrictingthenumberof colour classes that can have adjacency among their own elements. The ?(k)- colouring is anear-propercolouringof G consisting of k givencolours,where1 ? k ? ?(G) ? 1, whichminimisesthenumberofbadedgesbypermittingatmostonecolourclassto have adjacency among the vertices in it. In this paper,we discuss the number of bad edges ofpowers of paths and cycles. Published by Digital Commons@Georgia Southern, 2021. 2021 Georgia Southern University. All rights reserved. -
A study on employees' engagement level in travel organisations with reference to Karnataka /
Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, Vol.5, Issue 3, pp.134-141, ISSN No: 2249-0310. -
Spectral characteristics of the black hole binary 4U 1957+115: a multi mission perspective
We report spectral analysis of the persistent black hole X-ray binary, 4U 1957+115, using AstroSat, Swift, and NuSTAR observations carried out between 2016 and 2019. Modelling with a disc emission, thermal Comptonization, and blurred reflection components revealed that the source was in the high-soft state with the disc flux ?87 per cent of the total and high-energy photon index ?2.6. There is an evidence that either the inner disc radius varied by ?25 per cent or the colour hardening factor changed by ?12 per cent. The values of the inner disc radius imply that for a non-spinning black hole, the black hole mass is < 7 M ? and the source is located > 30 kpc away. On the other hand, a rapidly spinning black hole would be consistent with the more plausible black hole mass of < 10 M ? and a source distance of ?10 kpc. Fixing the distance to 10 kpc and using a relativistic accretion disc model, constrained the black hole mass to 6 M? and inclination angle to 72. A positive correlation is detected between the accretion rate and inner radii or equivalently between the accretion rate and colour factor. 2022 The Author(s). -
Unveiling the Temporal Properties of MAXI J1820+070 through AstroSat Observations
We present here the results of the first broadband simultaneous spectral and temporal studies of the newly detected black hole binary MAXI J1820+070 as seen by Soft X-ray Telescope and Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) on board AstroSat. The observed combined spectra in the energy range 0.7-80 keV were well modeled using disk blackbody emission, thermal Comptonization, and a reflection component. The spectral analysis revealed that the source was in its hard spectral state (? = 1.61) with a cool disk (kT in = 0.22 keV). We report the energy dependent time-lag and root mean squared (rms) variability at different frequencies in the energy range 3-80 keV using LAXPC data. We also modeled the flux variability using a single-zone stochastic propagation model to quantify the observed energy dependence of time lag and fractional rms variability, and then compared the results with that of Cygnus X-1. Additionally, we confirm the detection of a quasi-periodic oscillation with the centroid frequency at 47.7 mHz. 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.. -
Estimation of the black hole spin in LMC X-1 using AstroSat
LMC X-1, a persistent, rapidly rotating, extra-galactic, black hole X-ray binary (BHXB) discovered in 1969, has always been observed in its high soft state. Unlike many other BHXBs, the black hole mass, source distance, and binary orbital inclination are well established. In this work, we report the results of simultaneous broad-band spectral studies of LMC X-1 carried out using the data from Soft X-ray Telescope and Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter aboard AstroSat as observed on 2016 November 26 and 2017 August 28. The combined spectrum was modelled with a multicolour blackbody emission (diskbb), a Gaussian along with a Comptonization component (simpl) in the energy range 0.7-30.0 keV. The spectral analysis revealed that the source was in its high soft state (? = 2.67+0.24-0.24 and ? = 2.12+0.19-0.20) with a hot disc (kTin = 0.86+0.01-0.01 and kTin = 0.87+0.02-0.02). Thermal disc emission was fitted with a relativistic model (kerrbb) and spin of the black hole was estimated to be 0.93+0.01-0.01 and 0.93+0.04-0.03 (statistical errors) for the two Epochs through X-ray continuum-fitting, which agrees with the previous results. 2020 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. -
SIDNet: A SQL Injection Detection Network for Enhancing Cybersecurity
SQL (Structured Query Language) injection is one of the most prevalent and dangerous forms of cyber-attacks, posing significant threats to database management systems and the overall security of web applications. By exploiting vulnerabilities in web applications, attackers can execute malicious SQL statements, potentially compromising the integrity and confidentiality of critical data. To combat these threats, in this study, we introduce two novel CNN models, SIDNet-1 (SQL Injection-attack Detection Network-1) and SIDNet-2 (SQL Injection-attack Detection Network-2), specifically designed for the classification of SQL injection attacks to bolster web application security. Our comprehensive evaluation includes a comparison of the performance of these customized CNN models against traditional machine learning approaches, highlighting improvements in classification accuracy and reductions in false alarm rates. The proposed models have been experimented with two publicly available dataset SQLI (SQL-Injection) and SQLV2 (SQL-Injection version2). Specifically, SIDNet-1 achieves an impressive accuracy of 98.02% on the SQLI dataset, while SIDNet-2 closely follows with 97.54%. Furthermore, on the SQLIV2 dataset, SIDNet-1 attains 97.77%, and SIDNet-2 achieves 97.83% accuracy respectively. 2013 IEEE. -
A study of investment behaviour based on demographics /
Journal of Commerce and Accounting Research, Vol.3, Issue 4, pp.23-32, ISSN No: 2277-2146. -
Significance of Darcy-Forchheimer Porous Medium in Nanofluid Through Carbon Nanotubes
This article manages Darcy-Forchheimer 3D flow of water based carbon nanomaterial (CNTs). A bidirectional nonlinear stretchable surface has been utilized to make the flow. Disturbance in permeable space has been represented by Darcy Forchheimer (DF) expression. Heat transfer mechanism is explored through convective heating. Outcomes for SWCNT and MWCNT have been displayed and compared. The reduction of partial differential framework into nonlinear common differential framework is made through reasonable variables. Optimal series scheme is utilized for arrangements advancement of associated flow issue. Optimal homotopic solution expressions for velocities and temperature are studied through graphs by considering various estimations of physical variables. Moreover surface drag coefficients and heat transfer rate are analyzed through plots. 2018 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Energy-based features for Kannada handwritten digit recognition
In this paper, Kannada handwritten digit recognition system is proposed based on energy features. Ground truth datasets are not available to test the performance of proposed features. Hence, own dataset of Kannada handwritten digits are collected from schools, colleges, business persons and professionals. The digital images are pre-processed using morphological opening operation for removing the noise and bilinear operation is used for normalisation. The normalised image is divided into 16 blocks, and then wavelet filters were applied for each of the 16 blocks and computed the standard deviation for each of them. In this process, a total of 64 standard deviation of the wavelet coefficients are generated of which 48 coefficients are selected as potential features. The average recognition accuracy of 94.80% is achieved using nearest neighbour classifier. The proposed algorithm is free from skew and thinning and it is novelty of the paper. Copyright 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GOVERNANCE: A RETHINKING
The decades of increased Green House Gas (GHG) emissions have increased global average temperature to 1.1 degrees over pre-industrial levels. In order to hold the global average temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius and, if possible, 1.5 degree Celsius, the governments signed various treaties. However, countries? collective agreements to reduce their emissions were never kept. This study outlines why the method of mitigating global climate change has failed. The main problem was the inability to enforce goals and timelines. Ideas for even tighter emission limits will be ineffective unless they solve the enforcement gap. Trade restrictions are one method, but they introduce significant complications, particularly when used to enforce economy-wide carbon reduction agreements. The applied methodology is qualitative. This study proposes a novel strategy to unpack the climate challenge, targeting various gasses and industries with various instruments. It also illustrates how failing to address the climate problem fundamentally would generate incentives for various solutions, offering new problems for climate change governance. 2023, Institute for Research and European Studies. All rights reserved. -
Building trust in policing: challenges and strategy; [Construindo confian no polia: desafios e estratia]
In recent years, trust has gained significant importance when discussing the evolution of policing. This shift in focus has been acknowledged by scholars, policymakers, and law enforcement officials who are responsible for ensuring public safety. Unlike the traditional emphasis on crime reduction, there is now a shared recognition that building trust is a fundamental objective in the relationship between policing agencies and the communities they serve. This article discusses three commonly employed methods by policing agencies and their personnel to enhance public trust in the police: policy changes, police training, and citizen oversight boards. Further, it focuses to a less conventional avenue for change, which involves re-evaluating the laws enforced by the police. To achieve meaningful transformation within the police system, it is necessary not only to modify how officers perform their duties but also to examine and potentially revise the laws they are obligated to enforce. 2024 Centro Universitario de Brasilia. All rights reserved. -
Teaching Language Through Literature: Introducing Aspects of Literary Nonsense
Nonsense Literature first came into existence after the publishers of nursery rhymes started using the term to describe the works of childrens literature. It evolved into a genre of childrens literature that is widely accepted for being covertly intellectually stimulating. It uses puns, riddles, trick questions, contrasts in language, paradoxes and oxymorons to raise philosophically challenging questions that break our ideas of conventional patterns of understanding grammar, logic and reason. Nonsense literature is known for defying the rules of conventional linguistics. It plays with the boundaries of what is linguistically acceptable with its wordplay. However, nonsense literature understands and explores the structures of grammar, logic and reason better than any other literary genre. It is the best source of instruction for the ways in which the fundamental structures of grammar can be manipulated to create more structures of meaning which are transformational in nature. It uses the basic knowledge of grammar to create new ideas and rules using devices such as portmanteau and neologisms. Most course syllabi either focus on language or literature, never both simultaneously. Since literary nonsense plays with both linguistic structures in its writing and logic and reason in its story, it becomes the perfect material for teaching language as well as literature in the classroom. 2023, IUP Publications. All rights reserved.