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Development of classical swine fever virus E2-protein based indirect ELISA for detection of antibodies against the virus in pigs
Classical swine fever (CSF) is an economically important and highly contagious disease of pigs caused by CSF virus, genus Pestivirus. Serological diagnosis of the disease is highly valuable for surveillance and thereby containment of spread of the disease. In this study, we have demonstrated the development of CSFV envelope glycoprotein E2-based indirect ELISA (E2-iELISA) for the detection of CSFV specific antibodies. The full-length E2 protein was expressed in E. coli and the purified protein was used as a coating antigen in indirect ELISA for detecting CSFV specific antibodies in pigs. A panel of 506 pig sera samples was used to validate the ELISA and the results were highly comparable to the results obtained with the commercial antibody detection kit (PrioCHECK CSFV Ab kit). The in-house E2-iELISA demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity (95.4%) and specificity (95.5%), highlighting its potential application for sero-surveillance or monitoring of the disease in the swine population. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. -
Environmental value development among preadolescents: a content analysis of reflective responses
Addressing the environmentally detrimental values prevalent in society in the context of rapid climate change is the need of the hour. Combining empathy with cognitive skills such as reflective thinking effectively creates new values among people. The present study attempts to reveal the pattern of environmental value development among 33 preadolescents by reflecting upon the empathy-generating story experiences and the related contents. The study is part of a more extensive quasi-experimental study, and it specifically performs a content analysis on the participants responses in their workbooks. Biospheric nature-related values are the most highly developed, and social justice is the least developed value, implying the need to focus more on the value of social justice. Stories are aids, and reflective thinking and empathetic elicitation are effective techniques for passing environmental values. Empathy generation instead of negative emotions from self-concern and emotion regulation through reflective thinking may be helpful to promote well-being in the context of climate change. Reflective thinking helps environmental value development by enhancing comprehension, emotion regulation, and self-awareness of values, implying a shift from telling the moral of a story to exploring the same through reflective thinking. 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
The effect of an environmental education program based on empathy and reflective thinking on preadolescents environmental values and knowledge
As a remedial measure to human-induced climate change, it is imperative to develop intrinsic altruistic values and adequate knowledge of environmental phenomena and behavior to act in favor of the environment. The study aims to assess the effect of an Environmental Education Program (EEP) based on empathy, reflective thinking, and information on preadolescents environmental values and knowledge. For that, a non-equivalent control group design was used. Data collection was done through questionnaires, checklists, and participant thought diaries. Forty-six students (eleven-to-twelve-year-old children) selected through purposive sampling from the sixth standard of two semi-urban schools in Kerala, India, constituted the sample. In the intervention, empathy was manipulated through stories and empathy exercises, reflective thinking through thought diaries, and information on environmental phenomena, issues, and the effect of human actions through stories and knowledge exercises. Empathy, reflective thinking, and information manipulations positively influenced the participants environmental values and knowledge, and the effect manifested in cognitive, affective, and conative dimensions. The study has implications for conducting Environmental Education indoors effectively by integrating affective, cognitive, and metacognitive approaches. Empathy stories can be utilized to address various environmental phenomena and issues. Reflective thinking on environmental phenomena and issues can be applied to teach appropriate environmental behaviors. 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Analysis of food consumption expenditure patterns for developing sustainable business practices
Food consumption patterns are said to be near ideal variable since it is one of the most important commodities that ensure human survival. The patterns within the consumption as well as between different types of food items to different levels of consumption varies with respect to the macroeconomic conditions. The consumption expenditure for cereals, pulses and pulse products, edible oil, milk and milk products, meat, fish and egg, vegetables and fruits, shows an increasing trend in India and in Karnataka. The income elasticity for all food categories are lesser in urban sectors of Karnataka than the rural sector which indicates that the income of the rural households is lesser and the increase in income is also lesser compared to that of the Urban-Karnataka. The business enterprises can aim at sustainable consumption practices through the pricing strategies, product design and distribution channels. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
A Simple and Efficient [(n-Bu3Sn)2MO4]n Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinazolinones and Dihydroquinazolinones
A novel unprecedented approach for the synthesis of various quinazolinones and dihydroquinazolinones has been using [(n-Bu3Sn)2MO4]n as a catalyst. The reaction has been screened in various solvents and a gram scale experiment has also been demonstrated under given conditions. Further, the substrate scope of the reaction and the recyclability of the catalyst have also been studied. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
A simple and efficient synthesis of imidazoquinoxalines and spiroquinoxalinones via pictect-spengler reaction using Wang resin
An efficient approach for the synthesis of various imidazoquinoxalines and spiroquinoxalinones has been reported from 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) aniline and different aldehydes using Wang-OSO3H as a reusable catalyst to get in good yields. The reaction condition has been optimized by screening in various solvents and a gram scale experiment has also demonstrated. Further, the substrate scope of the reaction has also been well demonstrated. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Enhancement of the thermal conductivity of a near room temperature magnetocaloric composite using graphene-like hybrid nanosheets derived from organic waste
Polymer matrix composites, fabricated to counter the inherent brittleness of magnetocaloric Heusler alloys, suffer from low thermal conductivity. Here, we demonstrate a low-cost, scalable route towards developing thermally conductive, mechanically robust near-room-temperature magnetocaloric composites by incorporating graphene-like hybrid nanostructures chemically synthesized from discarded sugarcane. Micron-sized particles obtained by manually grinding Ni50.2Mn36.7Sn13 ribbons possessing a strong magnetostructural transformation near room-temperature were chosen as the active magnetocaloric fillers. Both the functional fillers were incorporated into a polysulfone matrix by solution casting. Large values of isothermal entropy change ? 0.43 and -0.46 J/kg.K were observed for a ?H = 2T, driven by two successive first and second-order transformations within the alloy fillers. Additionally, an enhanced value of the in-plane thermal conductivity ? 3.06 0.4 W/m.K was observed in the composites owing to the formation of efficient thermal bridges/pathways by the graphene-like hybrid nanostructures, rendering them promising candidates for magnetic refrigeration applications. 2023 Acta Materialia Inc. -
An empirical analysis of similarity measures for unstructured data
With fast growth in size of digital text documents over internet and digital repositories, the pools of digital document is piling up day by day. Due to this digital revolution and growth, an efficient and effective technique is required to handle such an enormous amount of data. It is extremely important to understand the documents properly to mine them. To find coherence among documents text similarity measurement pays a humongous role. The goal of similarity computation is to identify cohesion among text documents and to make the text ready for the required applications such as document organization, plagiarism detection, query matching etc. This task is one of the most fundamental task in the area of information retrieval, information extraction, document organization, plagiarism detection and text mining problems. But effectiveness of document clustering is highly dependent on this task. In this paper four similarity measures are implemented and their descriptive statistics is compared. The results are found to be satisfactory. Graphs are drawn for visualization of results. 2019 COMPUSOFT, An international journal of advanced computer technology. -
In situ fabricated MOF-cellulose composite as an advanced ROS deactivator-convertor: Fluoroswitchable bi-phasic tweezers for free chlorine detoxification and size-exclusive catalytic insertion of aqueous H2O2
Combining the merits of structural diversity, and purposeful implantation of task-specific functionalities, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) instigate targeted reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and concurrent detoxification via self-calibrated emission modulation. Then again, grafting of catalytically active sites in MOFs can benefit developing a greener protocol to convert ROS generators to technologically important building blocks, wherein tailorable MOF-composite fabrication is highly sought for practical applications, yet unexplored. The chemo-robust and hydrogen-bonded framework encompassing free -NH2 moiety affixed pores serves as an ultra-fast and highly regenerable fluoro-probe for selective detection of toxic ROS producers hypochlorite ion (ClO-) and H2O2 with record-level nanomolar sensitivity. While the bio-relevant antioxidant l-ascorbic acid (AA) imparts notable quenching to the MOF, a significant 3.5 fold emission enhancement with bi-phasic colorimetric variation ensues when it selectively scavenges ClO- from uni-directional porous channels through an unprecedented molecular tweezer approach. Apart from a battery of experimental evidence, density functional theory (DFT) results validate "on-off-on"fluoroswitching from redistribution of MOF orbital energy levels, and show guest-mediated exclusive transition from "Tight state"to "Loose state". The coordination frustrated metal site engineered pore-wall benefits the dual-functionalized MOF in converting the potential ROS generator H2O2via selective alkene epoxidation under mild-conditions. Importantly, sterically encumbered substrates exhibit poor conversion and demonstrate first-ever pore-fitting-induced size selectivity for this benign oxidation. Judiciously planned control experiments in combination with DFT-optimized intermediates provide proof-of-concept to the ionic route of ROS conversion. Considering an effective way to broaden the advanced applications of this crystalline material, reconfigurable MOF@cotton fiber (CF) is fabricated via in situ growth, which scavenges free chlorine and concomitantly squeezes it upon exposure to AA with obvious colorimetric changes over multiple real-life platforms. Furthermore, multi-cyclic alkene epoxidation by MOF@CF paves the way to futuristic continuous flow reactors that truly serves this smart composite as a bimodal ROS deactivator-convertor and explicitly denotes it as an advanced promising analogue from contemporary state-of-the-art materials. The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Machine Learning Technique to Detect Radiations in the Brain
The brain of humans and other organisms is affected in various ways through the electromagnetic field (EMF) radiations generated by mobile phones and cell phone towers. Morphological variations in the brain are caused by the neurological changes due to the revelation of EMF. Cellular level analysis is used to measure and detect the effect of mobile radiations, but its utilization seems very expensive, and it is a tedious process, where its analysis requires the preparation of cell suspension. In this regard, this research article proposes optimal broadcasting learning to detect changes in brain morphology due to the revelation of EMF. Here, Drosophila melanogaster acts as a specimen under the revelation of EMF. Automatic segmentation is performed for the brain to attain the microscopic images from the prejudicial geometrical characteristics that are removed to detect the effect of revelation of EMF. The geometrical characteristics of the brain image of that is microscopic segmented are analyzed. Analysis results reveal the occurrence of several prejudicial characteristics that can be processed by machine learning techniques. The important prejudicial characteristics are given to four varieties of classifiers such as nae Bayes, artificial neural network, support vector machine, and unsystematic forest for the classification of open or nonopen microscopic image of D. melanogaster brain. The results are attained through various experimental evaluations, and the said classifiers perform well by achieving 96.44% using the prejudicial characteristics chosen by the feature selection method. The proposed system is an optimal approach that automatically identifies the effect of revelation of EMF with minimal time complexity, where the machine learning techniques produce an effective framework for image processing. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Semantic Analysis and Topic Modelling of Web-Scrapped COVID-19 Tweet Corpora through Data Mining Methodologies
The evolution of the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease took a toll on the social, healthcare, economic, and psychological prosperity of human beings. In the past couple of months, many organizations, individuals, and governments have adopted Twitter to convey their sentiments on COVID-19, the lockdown, the pandemic, and hashtags. This paper aims to analyze the psychological reactions and discourse of Twitter users related to COVID-19. In this experiment, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) has been used for topic modeling. In addition, a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model and various classification techniques such as random forest, support vector machine, logistic regression, naive Bayes, decision tree, logistic regression with stochastic gradient descent optimizer, and majority voting classifier have been adapted for analyzing the polarity of sentiment. The effectiveness of the aforesaid approaches along with LDA modeling has been tested, validated, and compared with several benchmark datasets and on a newly generated dataset for analysis. To achieve better results, a dual dataset approach has been incorporated to determine the frequency of positive and negative tweets and word clouds, which helps to identify the most effective model for analyzing the corpora. The experimental result shows that the BiLSTM approach outperforms the other approaches with an accuracy of 96.7%. 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
RayleighBard and BardMarangoni magnetoconvection in variable viscosity finitely conducting liquids
The thermorheological effect on magneto-Bard-convection is studied numerically in fluids with finite electrical conductivity. A nonlinear thermorheological equation is considered in the problem. The results are compared with the classical approach of constant viscosity, which depicts the fact that the effect of increasing the strength of the magnetic field is to delay the onset of convection. The magnetic field is shown to have a rheostatic influence on convective instabilities. The results obtained by the study have possible applications in the field of astrophysics, sunspots, and in space applications under microgravity. 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC -
Mn2(CO)10 catalyzed visible-light-promoted synthesis of 1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamides; A sustainable multi-component statergy with antibacterial and cytotoxic evaluations
Multicomponent reactions play a pivotal role in synthesizing 1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamides, underscoring its significance in sustainable organic synthesis. These compounds, valued for their diverse biological activities, have garnered substantial attention in pharmaceutical research. A facile, rapid one-pot strategy to access an extensive array of 1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives, utilizing substituted aldehydes, cyanoacetamide, and hydrazine hydrate as substrates and a readily accessible Mn2(CO)10 as photocatalyst in EL: H2O (1:1). Among the synthesized series, products 4b, 4 g, 4k showed remarkable antibacterial activity against E coli, P aeruginosa, S. aureus in agar medium and excellent cytotoxicity with Human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), Liver cancer cells (Hep-G2) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. The current method is characterized by its affordability, non-toxicity, easy access to starting materials, and notably with minimal waste generation. Additionally, remarkable aspects include its mild operating conditions, environmentally friendly nature, and the ability to accommodate a wide range of both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. 2024 The Author(s) -
Visible Light Mediated Organophotoredox-Catalyzed One-Pot Domino Synthesis of Novel 6,7 Disubstituted 1H-Pyrroles
The development of environmentally benign protocols to synthesize novel N-heterocycles is vital in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. We herein report a successful one-pot domino synthesis of novel 6,7 disubstituted 1H-pyrroles using substituted phenacyl bromide, barbituric acid/Meldrums acid, aromatic amines catalysed by 5mol% Fluorescein in presence of visible light. This procedure is a useful and adaptable method for the synthesis of pyrroles since it is compatible with a wide range of sensitive functional groups, does not require column chromatography purification. During the reaction, Fluorescein may catalyse the formation of enamine leading to amino alcohol which subsequently undergoes dehydration to give 6,7 disubstituted 1H-pyrroles. All the synthesized derivatives were obtained in 9095% yields and were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR and HRMS (ESI) analysis. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Citric-Acid-Catalyzed Green and Sustainable Synthesis of Novel Functionalized Pyrano[2, 3-e]pyrimidin- and Pyrano[2, 3-d]pyrazol-amines in Water via One-Pot Multicomponent Approaches
An efficient entry into the preparation of elusive, novel pyrano[2, 3-e]pyrimidin-amines and pyrano[2, 3-d]pyrazol-amines has been accomplished using citric acid as a green catalyst in aqueous medium at 25 C. The strategy successively tolerates a variety of functional groups and interestingly, it is eco-compatible, environment-friendly, propitious and the products are obtained in excellent yields without chromatographic purification. The current methodology unfolds the benefits of citric acid as an effective, expeditious, economical, green catalyst and thus adheres to the principles of green chemistry. Ecstatically, the reaction was scaled to the gram level ascertaining the wide applicability of the protocol in academia and industry. The green metrics (E-factor: 0.0497, Mass intensity: 1.1022, PMI: 1.0497 and Emw: 0.0497) for the reaction was also envisaged and the pathway was found to acquaint excellent green chemistry metrics. 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim -
Comparative analysis of rural consumers purchase behavior towards mobile phone in Karnataka
Indian urban market is getting saturated for many products. Thus, due to success of brands like Chik shampoo, Project Shakti, LG, Dabur, HLL (then2005), many marketers are now expanding their product offerings to rural markets as well. Also, since major part of India living in villages (around 70%) are now more improved due to increased literacy, TV penetration and improved affordability is a reason for marketers to expand. Of the research conducted on rural India, majority was either on understanding rural consumers on price, quality, brand, function and style or comparing rural consumers over urban consumers on buying behavior. This research focused on comparing rural consumers of two different districts on age, brand and opinion leaders role on influencing the rural preference towards mobile phone. The research focused on understanding the buying behavior of two villages, Keelara and Alekere of Mandya and two villages, Araleri and medahatti of Kolar with reference to mobile phone. 2019 SERSC. -
RIEMANN SOLITONS ON (?,?)-ALMOST COSYMPLECTIC MANIFOLDS
In this paper, we study almost cosymplectic manifolds with nullity distributions admitting Riemann solitons and gradient almost Riemann solitons. First, we consider Riemann soliton on (?,?)-almost cosymplectic manifold M with ? < 0 and we show that the soliton is expanding with (Formula Presented) and M is locally isometric to the Lie group G?. Finally, we prove the non-existence of gradient almost Riemann soliton on a (?,?)-almost cosymplectic manifold of dimension greater than 3 with ? < 0. 2023 Korean Mathematical Society -
Experimental and Analytical Study of High-Strength Concrete Containing Natural Zeolite and Additives
The study compares the durability of Natural Zeolite with Metakaolin, Silica Fume, and Fly Ash on high-strength concrete. 300 concrete specimens were tested for compressive strength before and after an acid attack, modulus of elasticity, water absorption, and rapid chloride permeability. 5%, 10%, and 15% of the cement were replaced with cementitious elements while maintaining the same quantity of Natural Zeolite. In this investigation, the water-cement ratio was maintained at 0.35. After 28 days, the specimens were tested for durability. Samples of all mixes were TG/DT and FTIR tested. The optimal percentages of cementitious materials that resulted to the maximum durability enhancements were reported as the study results. Experimental results showed that Natural Zeolite and Metakaolin strengthened the durability of concrete. All the data show that 5% Natural Zeolite with 10% Metakaolin performs well. Good R2 values and appropriate independent variable coefficients suggested that the regression findings for high-strength concrete durability were accurate. The P values of all models were less than 0.005 and the F values were statistically significant and appropriate; therefore, the generated models predict concrete's strength with authenticity. 2022 by the authors. Licensee C.E.J, Tehran, Iran. -
Experimental and finite element studies on the mechanical properties of high-strength concrete using natural zeolite and additives
Addressing high carbon footprints is a critical global problem in cement production. Using environmentally friendly materials has proven to be a solution to environmental challenges. In this study, High-Strength Concrete of M60 is produced with Natural Zeolite and industrial waste materials. The combinations of 5 % zeolite and varying percentages of industrial wastes such as Silica Fume, Metakaolin, and Fly Ash are tested for mechanical properties. The laboratory test data is compared with numerical simulations to assess the accuracy and determine the error percentage for concrete strength predictions. The process involves the development of numerical solutions by ANSYS to predict strength. The developed numerical solution determines the accuracy of identifying the difference between the experimental and numerical data. The present research on the comparison of experimental and numerical data by ANSYS showed the lowest error percentage, which is acceptable for all the strength properties of concrete. 2024 -
Efficacy of Natural Zeolite and Metakaolin as Partial Alternatives to Cement in Fresh and Hardened High Strength Concrete
Urbanization and industrialization have dramatically increased the manufacture of cement causing substantial pollution of the environment. The primary global concern related to cement manufacture has been the management of the large carbon footprints. The usages of environmentally friendly cementitious materials in the construction of structures have proved to be a viable option to deal with this environmental concern. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the usage of cementitious materials which can replace cement albeit partially. In this direction of research, two such cementitious materials, namely, natural zeolite and metakaolin have been investigated in this study. High-strength concrete M60 with natural zeolite and metakaolin as the partial replacements for the cement has been prepared in this work. Polycarboxylic ether-based superplasticizer solution has been used to enhance workability. The test specimen cast and cured for 3, 7, 28, 60, and 90 days at ambient room temperature has been tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength as per the Indian standards. The optimum mix of high-strength concrete thus manufactured has met the Indian standards, and the combination of cement +5% natural zeolite +10% metakaolin has exhibited the highest compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at 90 days of curing. Natural zeolite and metakaolin when used in smaller proportions have increased the concrete strength, and these materials are recommended for partial replacement of cement. 2021 Iswarya Gowram et al.