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Effect of nonlinear thermal radiation on double-diffusive mixed convection boundary layer flow of viscoelastic nanofluid over a stretching sheet
Background: The present exploration deliberates the effect of nonlinear thermal radiation on double diffusive free convective boundary layer flow of a viscoelastic nanofluid over a stretching sheet. Fluid is assumed to be electrically conducting in the presence of applied magnetic field. In this model, the Brownian motion and thermophoresis are classified as the main mechanisms which are responsible for the enhancement of convection features of the nanofluid. Entire different concept of nonlinear thermal radiation is utilized in the heat transfer process. Methods: Appropriate similarity transformations reduce the nonlinear partial differential system to ordinary differential system which is then solved numerically by using the RungeKuttaFehlberg method with the help of shooting technique. Validation of the current method is proved by having compared with the preexisting results with limiting solution. Results: The effect of pertinent parameters on the velocity, temperature, solute concentration and nano particles concentration profiles are depicted graphically with some relevant discussion and tabulated result. Conclusions: It is found that the effect of nanoparticle volume fraction and nonlinear thermal radiation stabilizes the thermal boundary layer growth. Also it was found that as the Brownian motion parameter increases, the local Nusselt number decreases, while the local friction factor coefficient and local Sherwood number increase. The Author(s). 2017. -
Effect of nonlinear thermal radiation on MHD boundary layer flow and melting heat transfer of micro-polar fluid over a stretching surface with fluid particles suspension
A comprehensive numerical study is conducted to investigate effect of nonlinear thermal radiation on MHD boundary layer flow and melting heat transfer of micro-polar fluid over a stretching surface with fluid particles suspension. Using suitable transformations, the governing equations of the problem are transformed in to a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations and then they are solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method with the help of shooting technique. Authentication of the current method is proved by having compared with established results with limiting solution. The impact of the various stimulating parameters on the flow and heat transfer is analyzed and deliberated through plotted graphs in detail. We found that the velocity, angular velocity and temperature fields increase with an increase in the melting process of the stretching sheet. Also it is visualize that the shear stress factor is lower for micropolar fluids as compared to Newtonian fluids, which may be beneficial in flow and heat control of polymeric processing. 2017 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. -
Effect of Organizational Culture during Crises on adoption of virtual classrooms: An extension of UTAUT model
This study aims to understand the impact of organizational culture in the context of obligatory adoption of a virtual classroom (VC) during the COVID pandemic. The academic crisis created by the pandemic resulted in obligatory adoption of VCs, without being mandated by top management. Organizational culture was tested by this crisis, and thus created a unique opportunity to examine adoption. This research examines Organizational Culture during Crises (OCC) as an antecedent to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to evaluate the factors that determine the intention to adopt a virtual classroom across multiple disciplines by the faculty of a reputed Indian university. Data collected from a sample of 353 respondents was analyzed to test the research model using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings of the study reveal that OCC plays a positive and significant role in determining the intention of faculties to adopt a virtual classroom. We also found that OCC also significantly influences performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions and social influence. The results imply proper framing of policies by top management of Higher Education Institutions (HEI) for the smooth adoption of virtual classrooms by faculty when confronted by crises. 2021 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Effect of Oxygen Flow Rate, Post-annealing Temperature, and Different Electrolyte Concentrations on WO3 Thin Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering For Electrochromic Applications
In this work, tungsten oxide (WO3) films were deposited at room temperature and annealed for 2h at 400C. The electrochromic and electrochemical properties were studied for two different electrolytes. The films were deposited at different oxygen flow rates of 2, 4, and 6 standard cubic centimeters per minute (SCCM). X-ray diffraction analysis revealed structural characterization of amorphous and crystalline phases. UV-visible spectroscopy optical transmittance revealed 91% transmittance, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis revealed the absence of impurities and the presence of W and O. An electrochemical analyzer was used to characterize the deposited and annealed WO3 films immersed in the two different electrolyte solutions (H2SO4 and LiClO4 with oxygen flow rates ranging from 2 SCCM to 6 SCCM). It was found that the H2SO4 electrolyte of an annealed WO3 thin film at 2 SCCM demonstrated high coloring efficiency of 50.18cm2/C, and the LiClO4 electrolyte of an annealed WO3 thin film at 4 SCCM demonstrated high coloring efficiency of 20.06cm2/C. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2024. -
Effect of partial pressure of oxygen, target current, and annealing on DC sputtered tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films for electrochromic applications
Tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films were prepared on Corning (CG) and Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates at partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) 4 10?2 Pa and 8 10?2 Pa using DC magnetron sputtering (DCMs). In this work, we have varied the deposition parameters like pO2, target currents, and temperature. At pO2 4 10?2 Pa and 8 10?2 Pa samples were deposited at target currents of 50 mA and 100 mA, the maintained growth conditions are RT (substrate temperature 28 C), Pre annealed (substrate temperature 400 C), and Post annealed (annealing temperature 400 C). The samples were systematically characterized for vibrational, structural, optical, and Electrochromic (EC) properties by using Raman, XRD, Uv-Vis spectrometer, and Electrochemical analyzer respectively. XRD analysis reveals that RT-deposited samples show amorphous nature and pre & post-annealed samples show a crystalline nature for both pO2. Optical transmittance was higher at RT-deposited samples at 50 mA (94% & 92%) and lower at 100 mA (87% & 85%) at the wavelength of 600 nm for both pO2. From CV analysis higher cathodic peak current density was observed in RT-deposited samples at 50 mA (?6.49 mAcm?2 & -13.80 mAcm?2) and lower at 100 mA (?5.25 mAcm?2 & -12.88 mAcm?2) for both pO2. The diffusion coefficient was observed at a higher target current at 100 mA (1.06 10?7 cm2/s & 9.20 10?8 cm2/s). For annealed samples optical and EC properties were decreased for both pO2. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Effect of Phonological and Phonetic Interventions on Proficiency in English Pronunciation and Oral Reading
The current research aimed to know the effect of phonological and phonetic interventions in enhancing proficiency in English pronunciation and oral reading among teacher trainees. This study was of single-group pretest and posttest intervention designs. The sample size was selected through a stratified random sampling technique from teacher training colleges in Bengaluru. Two hundred and seven teacher trainees with L1 proficiency were chosen proportionately from Bangalore strata and orientated. Participants (N = 32) enrolled voluntarily in the intervention program for 20 hr. Intervention modules on phonology and phonetics were developed by the researcher and a segmental approach was adopted to teach modules in 20 sessions. After every session, the participants were allowed to record the modules in Audacity, a multiaudio recorder application. The recorded modules were interpreted, and scores were determined on number of intelligible words pronounced by the participants. Further, it was validated by the experts to authenticate the determined scores. The researcher applied oscillographic and observation methods to analyze the participants' progress in pronunciation and oral reading proficiency levels during the experiment. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test the impact of intervention between the pretest and posttest (before and after intervention). The hypotheses testing revealed the difference between preintervention and postintervention scores in phonological and phonetic awareness and oral reading among teacher trainees, and the sig. value is less than 0.05 across all the attributes. This study insists that English phonology and phonetics must be a crucial part of the English language teaching (ELT) curriculum and highlights that teachers must be able to spot the most appropriate pronunciation teaching and train the students of English as a foreign language (EFL) with intricates of intelligible pronunciation. This study navigates the need for language proficiency among teacher trainees, especially in English pronunciation and oral reading, and substantiates the evidence that effective intervention and teachers' knowledge of pronunciation enhance proficiency levels in pronunciation and oral reading among teacher trainees. Finally, it hopes that B.Ed colleges and teacher educators will be beckoned to use technology-integrated intervention to teach phonology and phonetics. 2024 Diwakar Prahaladaiah and Kennedy Andrew Thomas. -
Effect of post annealing on DC magnetron sputtered tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films for smartwindow applications
Tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films were deposited on Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) and Corning Glass (CG) glass substrate by DC magnetron sputtering. The annealing temperature was varied to study its effect on surface morphology, structural, electrochromic (EC), and optical properties and these are investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, Cyclic voltammetry, and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. From SEM analysis WO3 thin films annealed at 27 C, 100 C, 200 C, and 300 C were shown to crack free after that cracked film was observed for 400 C. From the XRD investigation that the WO3 thin films annealed at 27 C, 100 C, 200 C, and 300 C were amorphous and crystallized at 400 C. The optical band gap (Eg) of WO3 films was decreased from 2.98 eV to 2.30 eV with an increase in annealed temperature. The coloration efficiency (CE) was observed at 51.26 cm2/C at 300 C and 35.06 cm2/C at 400 C and the lowest diffusion coefficient was observed at 5.86 10?10 cm2/s at 400 C. On coloring efficiency, which can be very important in electrochromic (EC) applications, post-annealing has been seen to have a strong influence. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Effect of Replacement of Cement By Metakalion On The Properties Of High Performance Concrete Subjected To Hydrochloric Acid Attack
Vol.2, Issue 6, November-December 2012, pp 033-038
ISSN: 2248-9622 -
Effect of Replacement of Cement by Metakalion On the Properties Of High Performance Concrete Subjected To Hydrochloric Acid Attack.
Vol. 2, Issue 6, November- December , pp.033-038
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Effect of rotation on Brinkman-Bard convection of a Newtonian nanoliquid using local thermal non-equilibrium model
Rayleigh-Bard-Taylor convection in a Newtonian, nanoliquid-saturated high porous medium using the local thermal non-equilibrium model (LTNE) is studied analytically using the single term Galerkin technique. The Bousinessq approximation is considered to be valid and the exerted centrifugal force due to rotation is taken. A high porosity porous material glass reinforced fiber with porosity 0.88% is considered and hence the Brinkman model is adopted. The rate of rotation is quantified by the Taylor number and the stability of the system is controlled by thermal Rayleigh number. The expression for the critical eigenvalue (Rayleigh number) is obtained for both idealistic and realistic boundary conditions, that is, stress-free, isothermal and rigid-rigid, isothermal boundary conditions. The presumption of LTNE advances the inception of convection and increases the transport of heat in comparison with that of the local thermal equilibrium (LTE) assumption whereas the opposite phenomenon is seen with the effect of rotation. The effect of various non-dimensional parameters on the convection onset and on transport of heat is also investigated. The results of Rayleigh-Bard-Taylor convection using the LTE assumption are obtained as limiting cases of the present study for infinite values of the ratio of thermal conductivities and the interphase heat transfer coefficient. 2021 Elsevier Ltd -
Effect of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and a combination of both on andrographolide production in cell suspension cultures of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees
Elicitors act as signaling compounds that can induce and enhance the production of metabolites by activating biochemical pathways in response to external stress. Salicylic acid (SA) acts as a signaling molecule in plants in response to an attack by biotrophic pathogens whereas jasmonic acid (JA) is released in plants in response to wounds and herbivory. Both the signaling molecules aid in plant chemical defenses by increasing the production of secondary metabolites. The present study investigates the effect of SA, JA, and the combination of both (SA + JA) on the andrographolide content in cell suspension cultures of Andrographis paniculata. Four different concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100 M) of SA and JA individually, and an equimolar combination of both SA and JA together, were administered to cell suspension cultures taken in triplicates at shake flask scale. Andrographolide content was estimated using high performance liquid chromatography. Both SA and JA showed a positive effect on andrographolide content with the increase in their concentrations. SA at its highest concentration resulted in just 0.18-fold increase (83.33 6.7 g/g DCW) in andrographolide content compared to control, whereas JA resulted in a 3-fold increase (211 5.8 g/g DW); the combination of both SA and JA had an intermediate effect at all concentrations except one concentration (75 + 75 M) which resulted in a 3.8-fold increase (280 2.7 g/g DW), in andrographolide content. 2023 Ahmed and Praveen. -
Effect of salt fingers on heat transfer for different non-uniform concentration profiles in a micropolar liquid
This paper discusses the theoretical aspects of the effect of salt fingers on heat transfer for different non-uniform concentration profiles in a micropolar liquid layer kept between two parallel plates of infinite extent separated by a thin layer, heated and soluted from above. The onset of salt finger convection (convection due to the salt finger process) is studied through the linear stability analysis theory. The system of partial differential equations is solved numerically using the normal mode analysis method and the required solution is found by applying the Galerkin method. The effect of heat transfer and concentration of micropolar liquid is obtained for (i) freefree, (ii) rigidrigid, and (iii) rigidfree isothermal, permeable with no-spin boundary conditions. The effect of different micropolar parameters (i.e.,coupling parameter, micropolar heat conduction parameter, couple stress parameter, and inertia parameter) has been analyzed on the onset of stationary convection, and the results are depicted graphically. It is shown that different non-uniform concentration gradients, diffusivity ratio, coupling parameter, and solutal Rayleigh number influence the heat transfer in the system. The phase of concentration flow for different boundary conditions is compared and analyzed. 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. -
Effect of Short Glass Fiber Addition on Flexural and Impact Behavior of 3D Printed Polymer Composites
Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the most widely used additive manufacturing (AM) processes, is used for fabrication of 3D models from computer-aided design data using various materials for a wide scope of applications. The principle of FDM or, in general, AM plays an important role in minimizing the ill effects of manufacturing on the environment. Among the various available reinforcements, short glass fiber (SGF), one of the strong reinforcement materials available, is used as a reinforcement in the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix. At the outset, very limited research has been carried out till date in the analysis of the impact and flexural strength of the SGF-reinforced ABS polymer composite developed by the FDM process. In this regard, the present research investigates the impact and flexural strength of SGF-ABS polymer composites by the addition of 15 and 30 wt % SGF to ABS. The tests were conducted as per ASTM standards. Increments in flexural and impact properties were observed with the addition of SGF to ABS. The increment of 42% in impact strength was noted for the addition of 15 wt % SGF and 54% increase with the addition of 30 wt % SGF. On similar lines, flexural properties also showed improved values of 44 and 59% for the addition of 15 and 30 wt % SGF to ABS. SGF addition greatly enhanced the properties of flexural and impact strength and has paved the path for the exploration of varied values of reinforcement into the matrix. 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society -
Effect of Social Cognitive Skills Training (SCST) on Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind in Adolescents
Social cognitive skills training (SCST) in a therapeutic setup can result in more positive outcomes when incorporated with psychotherapy, especially among adolescents with minor social-cognitive impairments, and it may result in multifarious benefits to mitigate their social-cognitive dysfunction. This research focuses on the effect of SCST on the cognitive and affective theory of mind for adolescents with low social cognition. Quasi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design was used. Edinburgh Social Cognition test (ESCoT) was used for pre-and post-testing one week before and post-SCST training. The significant findings reveal a positive impact of SCST on the affective theory of mind and cognitive theory of mind in the experimental group. No significant changes were found in the control group (waitlisted). The results help validate the SCST module to improve an adolescents cognitive and affective theory of mind in social cognition. Further implications are discussed. 2024, Institute for Human Rehabilitation. All rights reserved. -
Effect of social influence on the saving behaviour of freelancing undergraduate students, mediated by financial literacy and self-control; [Vliv socino aspektu na spo?icchovstudent? na volnnoze ve vztahu k finan?ngramotnosti a sebekontrole]
Currently, India is among the countries with the largest youth population with 65% of the people aged below 35 years. These youths engage themselves in a multitude of things which generation-x was not aware. Their daily routine, study habits, entertainment, computer knowledge, and financial affairs are different from that of earlier generations. There is a need to study their financial situation and saving habit as their approach towards enjoyment, recreation, and lifestyle are influenced by factors like social media and popular culture. This study aims to find the mediation effect of financial literacy and self-control on the relationship between social influence and saving behaviour of undergraduate (UG) students, who are freelancing while pursuing their studies. The study obtained 357 responses to questionnaires through purposive sampling method. The study adopted causal mediation research design and employed mediation analysis to find the direct, indirect, and total effects of the relationship between social influence and saving behaviour among freelancing UG students. The results of the study revealed a partial mediation effect, indicating that the social influence not only had a direct impact on the saving behaviour of UG students in India, but also mediated it through financial literacy and self-control. Further research could focus on understanding students knowledge of digital-financial management, as digitisation of the financial sector is rapidly expanding. 2023 The Authors. -
Effect of solvent polarity on the photophysical properties of chalcone derivatives
The absorption and fluorescence characteristics of (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (FNPO), (E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (AFPO) and (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (FHPO) were recorded in eighteen different solvents with increasing polarities at room temperature. The solvatochromic effects on absorption and fluorescence spectra have shown bathochromic shifts from non-polar to polar solvents for the reported molecules due to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) interactions. It has indicated a large difference in dipole moment between electronically ground and excited states and the molecules were found to be more stabilized in singlet excited state than the ground state. The ground and excited state dipole moments of FNPO, AFPO and FHPO were determined experimentally by solvatochromic shift method using Bilot-Kawski, Lippert-Mataga, Bakhshiev, Kawski-Chamma-Viallet and Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity functions. HOMO-LUMO energy values of FNPO, AFPO and FHPO were determined using cyclic voltammetry and compared with those values obtained by TD-DFT (B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)) method. 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Effect of solvents on photophysical properties and quenching of 2-{[3-(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl) phenyl] carbonoimidoyl}phenol
The effect of solvents of varying polarity on the absorption and fluorescence emission of the Schiff base, 2-{[3-(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl) phenyl]carbonoimidoyl}phenol, was studied using Lippert-Mataga bulk polarity function, Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity parameter and Kamlet's multiple linear regression approach. The spectral properties follow Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity parameter better than Lippert-Mataga bulk polarity parameter, indicating the presence of both general solute-solvent interactions and specific interactions. Catalan's multiple linear regression approach indicates the major role of solvent polarizability/dipolarity influence compared with solvent acidity or basicity. The solvatochromic effect was utilized to calculate the dipole moments of ground and excited states of the Schiff base using different methods. Bathochromic shift in the emission spectrum and the increase in dipole moment in the excited state signifies the intramolecular charge transfer character in the emitting singlet state. Fluorescence quenching by aniline was also studied in 1,4-dioxane and n-butanol, and the results were analyzed using sphere of action static quenching and finite sink approximation models. 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. -
Effect of source-substrate distance on the transparent electrode properties of spray pyrolysed aluminium doped zinc oxide thin films
The wide band gap zinc oxide is a potential metal oxide that has been widely used in optoelectronic applications. The zinc oxide thin films demonstrate excellent conductivity and transparency enabling them for transparent electrode applications. The aluminium doping is an efficient route in further improving the conductivity without compromising the transparency and scalable spray pyrolysis is an effective approach in realizing high quality thin films. Our current study focuses on the effects of distance between the substrate and spray nozzle on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of aluminium doped zinc oxide. Our results suggests that this spray parameter has appreciable impact on the thin film properties and can be optimized for tuning properties. We explain this in detail backed by the characterization of thin films by X-ray diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy, UVVis-NIR spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and Hall effect measurements. 2021 -
Effect of Substrate Temperature on Properties of Copper Oxide Thin Films Coated by Spray Pyrolysis
Copper oxide shows a wide range of optical as well as electrical characteristics depending upon the preparation parameters. This wide range turning capability makes it a preferable candidate for effective use in various application fields like optical filters, light energy harvesting, gas sensing and semiconducting device fabrication. Spray pyrolysis technique with manual spray system was used to deposit a thin layer of copper oxide on glass substrates at temperatures of 300oC, 350o C, and 400o C. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that all the thin films obtained have monoclinic phase. A change of grain size from 15 nm to 25 nm was observedas the substrate temperature was varied from 300oC to 400o C.The Hall coefficient analysis confirms p-type conductivity in films obtained at 300o C and 350oC and N type conductivity with high resistivity for film coated at 400o C. Optical band gap increases from 1.75 to 2.17 eV with the increase in substrate temperature due to energy band tailing. 2023, Books and Journals Private Ltd.. All rights reserved.