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Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) from the rhizosphere of Spinacea oleracea L.
As the years pass by, there is an increase in abiotic stress conditions around the environment that directly or indirectly affect agriculture around the world. Therefore, there is a dire need to increase the sustainability of plants. Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) play an important role in maintaining the physiology and growth of plants under various stress conditions. This study looks into the isolation and characterization of different PGPB from Spinacia oleracea L. and their tolerance against salinity and commonly used commercial pesticides against the Spinacia family. The techniques used are isolation by serial dilution, 16sRna sequencing, characterization of different PGPB assays for confirmation such as ammonia production, catalase test, phosphate solubilisation, potassium solubilization, siderophore production, indole-3-acetic acid production, biofilm formation assay, halotolerance and tolerance study using Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). PGPB were isolated and characterized from Spinacia oleracea L., which was under an abiotic stress environment. Isolates were Bacillus clarus, Bacillus licheniformis, Paenibacillus alvei SJ6 and Paenibacillus alvei SJ8, having quantities as high as 78.10.004 mgL-1 phosphate solubilization, 43.8 mgL?1 of indole-3-acetic acid production, 14.5660.011 psu of siderophore production and 0.62 0.027 mol mL?1 of ammonia production. All isolates also had considerable amounts of halotolerance up to 10%, whereas Bacillus licheniformis had 12.5% halotolerance. The bacterial isolates had considerable tolerance against commonly used commercial pesticides against green leafy vegetables such as chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin combination and fungicides such as mancozeb. Therefore, this study looks into the isolation of potential plant growth promoting bacteria that have considerable amount of halotolerance and pesticide tolerance. 2025 World Researchers Associations. All rights reserved. -
Isolation and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate producing halotolerant Bacillus subtilis SG1 using marine water samples collected from Calicut coast, Kerala
Halotolerant bacterial strain isolated from the Calicut coast, Kerala, India, was screened for its potential ability to synthesize polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) using Sudan black B and Nile blue staining. The quantitative analysis for PHA production was done in modified M9 media and a PHA yield of about 1.52 g/L was observed with the most potential isolate SG1. Further, the biochemical and molecular characterization of the PHA-producing halotolerant bacteria was done using standard biochemical tests and 16 s ribosomal RNA sequencing respectively and the isolate was identified to be Bacillus subtilis SG1. Further, the PHA recovery was done using solvent extraction method employing acetone and diethyl ether followed by precipitation using chloroform with a maximum PHA yield of 1.52 g/L. Further, the material properties of the extracted polymer were studied using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermo gravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Further investigations are necessary to optimize PHA production and to carry out its application study in various fields. 2024 Sneha Grigary, et al. -
Isolation and Screening of Chromium-Tolerant Bacteria from Wetland Rhizosphere for use in Sustainable Bioremediation
Heavy metal contamination by hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] remains a major ecological threat due to its toxicity and persistence. This study investigated chromium-tolerant rhizospheric bacteria associated with Typha domingensis collected from Doddagubbi Lake, Bengaluru. Twelve isolates were obtained and exhibited diverse colony morphologies, where Gram staining classified the isolates into six Gram-positive and six Gram-negative strains. Physiological screening revealed broad adaptability with several isolates (DL4, DL6, DL11) tolerating up to 7.5% NaCl and DL11 showing thermotolerance up to 50C. pH profiling indicated that multiple strains (DL2, DL4, DL6, DL7, DL8) sustained growth up to pH 10. Biochemical tests showed widespread catalase activity and notable proteolysis, citrate utilisation and amylase production. Molecular identification grouped the isolates into eight taxa, including Brevibacillus brevis, Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus cookii, Kocuria rhizophila and several Pseudomonas species. Chromium tolerance assays demonstrated clear differentiation between highly tolerant isolates (DL1, DL2, DL8, DL9), which showed uninterrupted growth from 10100 mg/L Cr(VI) and moderately tolerant isolates that declined beyond 60 mg/L. Quantitative OD??? measurements further confirmed that the highly tolerant group retained OD values >0.55 at 80100 mg/L, whereas sensitive strains dropped below 0.05. These results highlight the strong bioremediation potential of T. domingensisassociated rhizobacteria for Cr(VI)-contaminated environments. 2026, World Researchers Associations. All rights reserved. -
Isolation of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacillus cereus from Soil and Its Use as a Microbial Inoculant
Modernization has introduced intensive agricultural practices wherein the pesticides play an important role both in stabilization and in increase of agricultural products. As a consequence, humans and members of other ecosystems are exposed to increased levels of compounds that have detrimental effects on their health, thereby signifying the importance of microbial inoculants. In order to achieve this goal 7 different bacterial species were initially screened for isolation of plant growth-promoting Bacillus sp. The isolate CUAMS116 was confirmed to be Bacillus cereus through biochemical and molecular characterization. The in vitro plant growth-promoting ability of the isolate was screened through standard tests. Different concentrations of bacterial inoculant (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) were evaluated for its plant growth promotion ability using Phaseolus vulgaris L., under pot culture conditions. At the harvest stage, the mature control plants measured 16.53cm and mean treated plant height was measured to be 27.75cm, showing a maximum percentage increase in length of 67.87%. The results suggested that the B. cereus CUAMS116 isolated in this study can be extended as a PGPM through further field trials in other plants for improving crop yield and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. 2020, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals. -
Isothermal autocatalysis of homogeneousheterogeneous chemical reaction in the nanofluid flowing in a diverging channel in the presence of bioconvection
The nonlinear differential equations play a prominent role in the mathematical description of many phenomena that occur in our world. A similar set of equations appear in this paper that govern the homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions in the nanofluid flowing between two non-parallel walls. Since the concentration of the homogeneous species is substantially high, quartic autocatalysis is considered for the analysis. It is found to be more effective than the cubic autocatalysis. Further, to avoid the deposition of nanoparticles on the surface, self-propelled microorganisms called gyrotactic microorganisms are allowed to swim in the nanofluid. This movement of microorganisms constitutes a major phenomenon called bioconvection. The set of governing equations thus formed are made dimensionless and the resulting system of equations are solved by Differential Transformation Method (DTM) with the help of Padapproximant that reduces the power series into rational function. This transformation helps in achieving a better convergence rate. The fluid flow analysis is interpreted through graphs and tables where it is observed that the heat source enhances the temperature of the nanofluid. Further, the homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reaction parameters have significant impacts on the concentration of the reactants. Also, the outcomes indicated that the reaction profiles and motile density profiles increase with the increase in Schmidt number. 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
It is their duty: a commentary on filial discrepancy and perceived neglect among older adults
Filial piety, a traditional value that dominates the family structure in many societies, plays a significant role in the well-being of the geriatric population. The gravity of a healthy filial relation is weighed out in the existing literature, by highlighting correlations with the onset of depression, loneliness, low life-satisfaction and suicidal tendencies. Grounded in the expectations of respect, care and obedience, these values have been challenged by the changing family dynamics of the modern world. This commentary explores how such discrepancies could instill a perception of neglect and abuse among the older population, thereby affecting their quality of life. 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
IT Strategies for Effective Marketing in Globally Diverse Corporate Environments
Today, organizations discern multicultural teams, dynamic consumer tastes and shrinking landscapes of competition bordering on the internet-centric global economy. This paper investigates the role of IT strategies in improving the strategic marketing within different corporate environments. An examination of IT's role in addressing marketing and management complexity in different cultural context is made. Theoretical models are reviewed and responsible global marketing practices are promoted through digital transformation to reshapes the business operations. We also illustrate IT based solutions for dealing with cross cultural communication barriers, resistance to change as well as team dynamics. In this case study and trend analysis with trends, we show how own best practices of market segments, digitalization as well as cross cultural management work together with IT to encourage agility, customer focus, and continuous learning in the organization. 2025 IEEE. -
It-Driven Governance Models for Social Impact and Community Development
Local development planning in India is impaired by fragmented administrative datasets, limited citizen participation, and opaque decision processes despite the availability of India Stack primitives and Open Government Data (OGD) such as NFHS and MGNREGA. This study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate Federated Neuro-Symbolic Governance (FNSG), a privacy-preserving cross-silo framework that couples neural concept learners with symbolic rule synthesis, to deliver interpretable district-level decision support. FNSG operates in a hierarchical federated topology (district clients, state aggregator) using NFHS-5, MGNREGA, census/SECC proxies, and geospatial layers. Local clients train neural concept encoders, extract symbolic rule candidates, and transmit clipped, DP-noised updates plus anonymized rule evidence for secure aggregation and global rule distillation. In pilot experiments (K=20 districts, geographic holdout) FNSG achieved mean test AUC 0.84 versus centralized 0.88 and FedAvg 0.80, Precision@100 0.69, and produced concise global rules with fidelity ? 0.72. Privacy - utility sweeps indicate acceptable utility at ? ? 2 (AUC ? 0.82), with degradation at ? ? 1; convergence required ? 110 rounds and per-epoch client time ? 18 s on CPU (? 8 s on GPU). FNSG balances utility, interpretability, and data sovereignty. Policy implications include staged pilots, capacity building for district data centers, mandatory audit logs, and India Stack-mediated consent and integration. 2026 IEEE. -
It's Liquidation Time at Bhoruka Gases: A Case Study
GFJMR Journal of Management and Research, Vol-6, pp. 78-92. ISSN-2229-4651 -
ITBC Controlled IPWM for Solar Based Wide Range Voltage Conversion System
This paper presents an isolated tiny or micro-bidirectional DCAC converter (ITBC) that operates in a single-phase, single-stage, bidirectional, and isolated configuration. The converter utilises a voltage-in-phase PWM (IPWM) control scheme to regulate the potential conversion ratio of the converter, enabling it to handle a wide voltage range. The converter also enables smooth power flow direction changes and can achieve soft switching, resulting in high efficiency. A unidirectional current controller can be used for both DCAC and ACDC modes. The paper provides detailed information about the micro-inverter's working principles, design procedure, characteristics, and control strategy. The proposed solution is verified by a 500-watt test bench model with a voltage input range of 30 volts to 50 volts. 2024 IETE. -
ITERATED LINE GRAPHS WITH ONLY NEGATIVE EIGENVALUES ?2, THEIR COMPLEMENTS AND ENERGY
In this article, several iterated line graphs Lk (G) with all equal negative eigenvalues ?2 are characterized for k ? 1 and their energy consequences are presented. Also the spectra and the energy of complement of these graphs are obtained, interestingly they have exactly two positive eigenvalues with different multiplicities. Moreover, we characterize a large class of equienergetic graphs which extend some of the existing results. Palestine Polytechnic University-PPU 2025. -
Japan and Human Security Policy Praxis: Relevance and Inclusiveness for Indo-Pacific Partnerships
Post-war Japan focused on promoting its national interests with limited engagement in international settings. Japan became a leading economy through its hard work and positive commitment by the 1980s. Thereafter, it gradually became involved in the international arena by supporting various developmental projects in developing countries. The advancement of the United Nations Development Programs (UNDP, 1994) human security paradigm provided a suitable framework for Japans foreign policy engagement. However, in the first decade of the 21st century, Japan and other leading actors in the Indo-Pacific region recognized the importance of partnerships in limiting Chinas biased expansion strategies. Accordingly, the Quad and the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework evolved. Compared to other actors in these partnerships, Japans prioritization of the human security paradigm makes it a significant player in the sustainable future of the Indo-Pacific region. From this perspective, this chapter critically examines Japans people-centered and inclusive human security policy praxis. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Jesuit school teachers opinions on incorporating critical consciousness into digital citizenship education
The contemporary global landscape is undergoing swift transformations accelerated by information and digital technologies, which have given rise to a plethora of innovations that enhance human convenience, novel business models, and emerging new professional paths. However, if these technologies are used improperly, they can become dangerous to humanity. So digital citizenship is a kind of way forward to bring awareness among students and educators to use digital technologies appropriately and responsibly. But in classical digital citizenship issues, such as justice, equity, and accessibility, are not addressed. This study explores Jesuit secondary school teachers opinions on incorporating critical consciousness into digital citizenship and how that affects students attitudes towards building an equitable digital society. The researcher highlights the need to integrate critical consciousness into digital citizenship education through qualitative research study. 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Jet-driven AGN feedback on molecular gas and low star-formation efficiency in a massive local spiral galaxy with a bright X-ray halo
It has long been suspected that powerful radio sources may lower the efficiency with which stars form from the molecular gas in their host galaxy, however so far, alternative mechanisms, in particular related to the stellar mass distribution in the massive bulges of their host galaxies, have not been ruled out. We present new, arcsecond-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) CO(1-0) interferometry, which probes the spatially resolved, cold molecular gas in the nearby (z=0.08), massive (Mstellar= 4 1011 M?), isolated, late-type spiral galaxy 2MASSX J23453269-044925, which is outstanding for having two pairs of powerful, giant radio jets, and a bright X-ray halo of hot circumgalactic gas. The molecular gas is in a massive (Mgas=2.0 1010 M?), 24 kpc wide, rapidly rotating ring, which is associated with the inner stellar disk. Broad (FWHM=70-180 km s-1) emission lines with complex profiles associated with the radio source are seen over large regions in the ring, indicating gas velocities that are high enough to keep the otherwise marginally Toomre-stable gas from fragmenting into gravitationally bound, star-forming clouds. About 1-2% of the jet kinetic energy is required to power these motions. Resolved star-formation rate surface densities derived from Galaxy Evolution Explorer and Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer fall by factors of 30-70 short of expectations from the standard Kennicutt-Schmidt law of star-forming galaxies, and near gas-rich early-type galaxies with signatures of star formation that are lowered by jet feedback. We argue that radio Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) feedback is the only plausible mechanism to explain the low star-formation rates in this galaxy. Previous authors have already noted that the X-ray halo of J2345-0449 implies a baryon fraction that is close to the cosmic average, which is very high for a galaxy. We contrast this finding with other, equally massive, and equally baryon-rich spiral galaxies without prominent radio sources. Most of the baryons in these galaxies are in stars, not in the halos. We also discuss the implications of our results for our general understanding of AGN feedback in massive galaxies. N. P. H. Nesvadba et al. 2021. -
JivaCare: A Smart Health Care Application Integrating Home Remedies for Holistic Well-Being
JivaCare is a smart health care application that aims to diagnose common illnesses and recommend home remedies by leveraging advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). Initially, a custom dataset of diseases and symptoms was used to develop a disease-diagnoses chatbot. However, challenges such as limited accuracy and rigid disease-symptom mapping were identified. To address these, GPT-3.5 API was integrated via RapidAPI, enhancing conversational quality without requiring extensive training while improving response quality. A MySQL database was implemented to store conversational history and session-based memory. Subsequently, the focus transitioned to a text classification approach using a 5,634-sample dataset from HuggingFace. This enabled flexible symptom-to-disease classification, overcoming the limitations of the initial dataset. Five machine learning models were evaluated, with Logistic Regression achieving the highest accuracie of 85 % after fine-tuning its hyperparameters. Additionally, neural network architectures such as GRU, RNN and CNN were also employed, achieving validation accuracies of 76%, 82% and 84%, respectively. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating ML and deep learning techniques for accurate disease prediction and remedy recommendation. This work can establish the foundation for a scalable and user-friendly healthcare system, bridging the gap between AI and personalised natural health benefits. 2025 IEEE. -
JivaCare: A Smart Health Care Application Integrating Home Remedies for Holistic Well-Being
JivaCare is a smart health care application that aims to diagnose common illnesses and recommend home remedies by leveraging advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). Initially, a custom dataset of diseases and symptoms was used to develop a disease-diagnoses chatbot. However, challenges such as limited accuracy and rigid disease-symptom mapping were identified. To address these, GPT-3.5 API was integrated via RapidAPI, enhancing conversational quality without requiring extensive training while improving response quality. A MySQL database was implemented to store conversational history and session-based memory. Subsequently, the focus transitioned to a text classification approach using a 5,634-sample dataset from HuggingFace. This enabled flexible symptom-to-disease classification, overcoming the limitations of the initial dataset. Five machine learning models were evaluated, with Logistic Regression achieving the highest accuracie of 85 % after fine-tuning its hyperparameters. Additionally, neural network architectures such as GRU, RNN and CNN were also employed, achieving validation accuracies of 76%, 82% and 84%, respectively. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating ML and deep learning techniques for accurate disease prediction and remedy recommendation. This work can establish the foundation for a scalable and user-friendly healthcare system, bridging the gap between AI and personalised natural health benefits. 2025 IEEE. -
Job Crafting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analytical Relationships with Precursors and Work Outcomes (2001-2021)
Meta-analysis and SEM (structural equation modeling) were used to investigate the relationship between job crafting, job characteristics, work engagement, and job performance. We used random effects of meta-analysis to statistically integrate 199 primary studies and structural equation modeling to examine the assumed moderation through gender and educational levels using Stata: Version 16.0 software. We also ran an exploratory moderator analysis to see any systematic differences in the relationships. The findings revealed that job performance and job characteristics were positively and significantly related at the 1% level, as were job performance, job crafting, and work engagement. All were positively and significantly related at the 1% level. Work engagement and job crafting, too, were positively correlated and statistically significant at the 1% level. Furthermore, p < 0.05 for gender and p < 0.10 for educational level indicated that educational level and gender moderated the relationship between job performance, work engagement, job characteristics, and job crafting significantly. Cronbachs alpha was used to conduct the reliability test, which indicated a good (0.8 < a < 0.9) and excellent (0.9 < a) internal consistency because Cronbachs alpha was more significant than the 0.6 thresholds, and the validity indicated that the model was adequate. 2022, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Job Involvement of Degree College Teachers in Relation to Their Work Ethics
Golden Research Thoughts, Vol-1 (9), pp. 1-4. -
Job Satisfaction Among Health-Care Practitioners: A Bibliometric Analysis
Purpose: The study aims to throw light on job satisfaction among health-care practitioners based on the metadata of published literature from Scopus database with the help of bibliometric analysis. Design/methodology/approach: Metadata of 6,998 publications from the Scopus database were extracted. Bibliometric analysis was done with country-based co-authorship analysis, all keywords-based co-occurrence analysis, sources-based citation analysis, cited authors-based co-citation analysis, and term co-occurrence based on text data. Findings: It was found that United States had the highest number of publications at 2,037. The Journal Of Nursing Management had the highest number of publications (332). Term co-occurrence based on text data reveals that job satisfaction, turnover intention, work engagement, compassion fatigue, job stress, organizational commitment, job demand, job performance, workplace violence, job burnout, career satisfaction, safety climate, organizational support, transformational leadership, leadership style, discrimination, workplace bullying, and job strain are the most prominent terms. The paper also highlights the factors affecting job satisfaction of employees in the health-care sector. Conclusion: The paper tries to highlight the publication trends on the job satisfaction among health-care practitioners. Since health care is a primary sector, prosperity of other sectors in the society depends on the job satisfaction level of employees in this sector. 2024 Association for Radiologic & Imaging Nursing -
Job satisfaction while working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic: do subjective work autonomy, work-family conflict, and anxiety related to the pandemic matter?
The imposed lockdown, due to the COVID-19 outbreak, resulted in the rise to a new normal of working from home. This study explores how the lockdown and the sudden shift in the working style affected the job satisfaction of employees in India. We examined the relationship of job satisfaction with work autonomy, and determined whether work-family conflict, and anxiety due to COVID-19 are negatively related to job satisfaction amongst employees working from home in India. Through a correlational research design, a total of 211 participants took part in the study, and only 200 of the data, representing a 95% response rate, were eligible for further analysis. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling, and the results showed that work-family conflict and anxiety related to COVID-19 have a negative correlation with job satisfaction, while work autonomy had a positive correlation with job satisfaction. Perceived work autonomy, work-family conflict, and anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic significantly predicted job satisfaction and accounted for an overall 37.8% of the variance in job satisfaction. The findings of the current study provide valuable insight into the consequences of a pandemic or similar uncontrollable event, and augmented the literature on organizational behavior where most employees are compelled to work remotely, either full-time or part-time. The theoretical and empirical implications of how work-family conflict and anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impact the job satisfaction of employees in India were discussed. Evaluation of the structural relationship (SEM) reveals that the overall exogenous constructs significantly predicted job satisfaction of employees working from home in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.