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Physicochemical characterization of fluoride solid electrolyte PbSnF4 synthesized via sonochemical reaction
Demand for batteries with enhanced energy density and improved thermal safety is a key focus for researchers striving to build a sustainable environment. As fluoride ion batteries (FIB) are expected to exhibit high energy density and exceptional thermal stability, research activities are focused on identifying fluoride ion-conducting electrolytes. Among the various fluoride ion conductors, PbSnF4, renowned for its superior ionic conductivity, is typically synthesized via mechanochemical reaction. In the present work, PbSnF4 was synthesized via an acoustic cavitation-driven sonochemical reaction. This novel synthesis route has reduced the duration of the synthesis process to a few minutes compared with several hours for the mechanochemical reaction. The structural, morphological, and ionic transport properties are investigated. The ionic conductivity of the resulting orthorhombic PbSnF4 is evaluated to be 4.5 10?4 S/cm at RT. The contribution of fluoride ions to the total ionic conductivity is estimated via the DC polarization technique as 0.92. The electrochemical stability window (ESW) is measured through cyclic voltammetry (CV) as 0.7 V with PbF2/PbSnF4/SS cell configuration. 2025 -
Physicochemical Properties, Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Artemisia pallens Wall. Seed Oil
The physico-chemical characteristics, fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacities of Artemisia pallens seed oil were determined in this study. The moisture, oil content, fatty acid, iodine, peroxide, saponification values, specific gravity and refractive index were 4.13 %, 25.53 %, 1.84 % (as oleic acid), 138.14 (mg/ l00 g), 10.20 (meqO2/kg oil), 194.21 (mg KOH/g oil) 0.92 and 1.47, respectively. Linoleic acid (C18:2, 79.963 %), oleic acid (C18:1, 9.40 %) and palmitic acid (C16:0, 7.89 %) were the major fatty acids. High amount of total unsaturated fatty acids (89.74 %) make it highly desirable as a source of nutrition. The antioxidant capacities of the seed oil showed that it can be a source for natural antioxidants and functional food. The results of the present study showed that the A. pallens is a promising seed oil crop and can be used for making of soaps, shampoos and alkyd resins. Further, the high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid i.e. linoleic acid makes it desirable in terms of nutrition. 2019, 2019 Har Krishan Bhalla & Sons. -
Physics of Gravitational Waves: Sources and Detection Methods
[No abstract available] -
Phyto- and zoomass-derived nanostructured carbon as efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells: a review
Abstract: The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays a pivotal role in several energy storage and conversion technologies, including metal-air batteries, microbial fuel cells, and low-temperature hydrogen and alcohol fuel cells. Fuel cells, in particular, have gained significant traction as a feasible alternative energy source due to their efficiency, cleanliness, adaptability, and ability to reuse exhaust heat. However, the complex nature of ORR requires highly efficient electrocatalysts for optimal fuel cell performance. While Pt-based electrocatalysts are widely regarded as the most suitable for both the cathode and anode in fuel cells, their high cost, scarcity, and susceptibility to fuel crossover have driven the search for alternative ORR catalysts. In this context, carbon materials have emerged as promising candidates due to their low cost, long-term stability, and strong electrocatalytic activity. Recent advancements in biomass-derived carbon nanostructures align with the global push for sustainable energy and a pollution-free environment. This review examines carbon structures derived from the carbonization of plant and animal biomass and evaluates their performance as noble metal supports, non-noble metal electrocatalysts, and metal-free electrocatalysts for ORR. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Phyto-Electrochemical Mapping of Indian Cappers: Redox Mediator Application on Mesoporous Carbon Based Electrodes
Indian Cappers (IC), often known for its wide range of applications as a medicinal plant, is an essential spice with phenolic phytochemical attributes. These are plausibly electrochemically redox active in nature. The redox moiety of phytochemicals can be exploited as a green route electron-transfer mediator, rather than conventional chemical redox mediators. Herein, mesoporous carbon-assisted electrochemical redox mapping of a phytochemical using IC plant is reported. A well-defined redox peak for IC-redox with E0 = 0.2 V is observed with a surface excess (?) value of 44.8 109 mol cm?2. Physico-chemical characterization is carried out to provide a detailed analysis of IC redox-based constituents. Furthermore, the fabricated IC sensor is used for the electrocatalytic oxidation of Ascorbic acid (AA) as a model system for preparing electrochemical sensors. The prepared sensor gave a notable oxidation peak for AA at E?= 220 mV with a sensitivity value of 0.0385 ?A/?M in the range of 0?1000 ?M. This work is a preliminary experiment for on-site testing of ascorbic acid in blood serum samples as a point of care testing. Additionally, the Cappers showed appreciable antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, producing clear inhibition zones even without the use of antibiotics. 2025 The Electrochemical Society (ECS). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved. -
Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Potential of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni, 1899) Leaf Extracts against Aeromonas Species: Influence of Extraction Methods and Solvents in Aquaculture Applications
Recent studies have explored Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaf extracts for their antibacterial potential and phytochemical content. However, the impact of extraction methods and solvents on aquaculture bacteria remains understudied. This research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, radical scavenging, and phytochemical properties of S. rebaudiana extracts against Aeromonas species. Dried S. rebaudiana leaves were extracted using methanol (Mt) and ethanol (Et) through Soxhlet and maceration methods (SMt, SEt, MMt and MEt respectively). Soxhlet extraction yielded higher amounts (36.29% for Mt, 23.87% for Et) compared to maceration. Phytochemical analysis identified phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponin, tannin, and steroids in all extracts. Notably, MEt had elevated phenolic and flavonoid content, while SEt contained more tannins. MEt exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 67.95g/mL), aligning with its high phenolic and flavonoid levels. In antibacterial assays against Aeromonas strains, ethanol extract showed the largest zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 16.67mm for A. salmonicida, followed by methanol extract (15mm) at 250 mg/mL, using maceration and Soxhlet methods, respectively. However, none of the extracts displayed activity against A. hydrophila. This suggests that cold maceration is a cost-effective method that preserves heat-sensitive secondary metabolites within a shorter extraction time. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of extraction techniques and solvents in obtaining potent antibacterial and antioxidant extracts from S. rebaudiana leaves. The findings emphasize the potential of these extracts in aquaculture practices and open avenues for further research in utilizing natural compounds for sustainable aquaculture strategies. The Author(s) 2023. -
Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activities of Artemisia stelleriana Besser leaf extracts
The present study aims to report the proximate and mineral composition, phenolic contents, and antioxidant potential of Artemisia stelleriana leaves. The leaf extracts were prepared using various solvents like distilled water, methanol, ethanol and acetone and analyzed for their phenolic and flavo-noid contents and antioxidant activity. The methanolic extracts showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (10.09 0.24 mg GAE/g and 225.04 0.38 mg QE/g respectively). The methanolic extracts showed signifi-cantly higher 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH-RSA), Reducing power assay and total antioxidant capacity compared to distilled water, ethanol and acetone extracts. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy revealed that the methanolic extracts of leaves to be a good source of bioactive compounds like 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), neo-phytadiene, octacosane and eucalyptol. 2022 Horizon e-Publishing Group. All rights reserved. -
Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of some selected plants of the family acanthaceae
The present era of scientific research has witnessed an enumerable amount of evidences to showcase the immense potential of medicinal plants. In the present investigation, the phytochemical analysis of Phlogacanthus pubinervius T. Anderson., Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees,Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees, Phlogacanthus curviflorus (Wall.) Nees, and Ruellia tuberosa L. was carried out for the different plants extracted with methanol. Analysis was carried out to estimate the quantity of phenols, carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids and proteins. The antioxidant property of these plants were analysed using DPPH method. The concentration of the plant samples required to decrease the DPPH concentration by 50% was calculated by interpolation from linear regression analysis and denoted IC50 value (g/ml). The qualitative analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, proteins, carbohydrate and phenols in all the sample extracts. The highest amount of tannins and phenols was observed in P. thyrsiflorus. P. pubinervius (77.83%), A. vasica (74.81%), P. curviflorus (94.20%), and R. tuberosa (70.78%) which showed highest antioxidant activity of DPPH-scavenging at 150 g/ml of methanol extract. The high percent of scavenging activities of those plants add value to their medicinal properties. The presence of the high amount of phytochemical compounds suggests that the plants have high amount of medicinal compounds and can be extensively used to extract the natural compounds. Kripasana & Xavier (2020). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). -
Phytochemical analysis, anti-oxidant properties and pass assisted prediction of biological activity of sargassum wightti j. Agardh, sargassum ilicifolium (turner) C. Agardh and sargassum lanceolatum J. Agardh
The present study was carried out to determine the phytoconstituents and anti-oxidant properties present in the Sargassum wightti, Sargassum ilicifolium and Sargassum lanceolatum using GC-MS analysis and predict the biological activity by PASS prediction. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed on Shimadzu GC interfaced with mass spectrometry using SH-RxiTM-5Sil (Shimadzu) column. The spectra of the phytoconstituents were obtained by the PASS version (http:// www.way2drug.com/passonline). The prediction was based on an analysis of the structure-activity relationships (SAR) in the training set containing information on the structure. GC-MS analysis revealed 39 compounds in S. wightti, 60 compounds in S. lanceolatum and 15 compounds in S. ilicifolium. Common compounds found in these three Sargassum species were 1s,4R,7R,11R-1,3,4,7-Tetramethyltricyclo [5.3.1.0(4,11)] undec-2-en-8-one,2,4-Di-tert-butyl phenol, 1-Decanol, 2-hexyl, Hexatriacontyl-trifluoroacetate, Nonyltetradecyl ether, Neophytadiene, Hexadecane. Sargassum species are rich in anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties. The present study proved the presence of bioactive compounds and phytochemical compounds in three species of Sargassum available in Indian coastal regions. 2021, Agri Bio Research Publishers. All rights reserved. -
Phytochemical characterization by GC-MS and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant potential of Walsura piscidia Roxb. leaves extract
Walsura piscidia Roxb. (Family: Meliaceae) is currently known for rich sources of bioactive compounds with growing multiple therapeutic and medicinal importance. The main objectives of this study were to characterize the phytochemical profile of the leaves of W. piscidia by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), followed by the evaluation of its antioxidant potential by quantifying the amounts of phenols and flavonoids present within the extracts, through the existing methods of detection. The extractive yield calculated after Soxhlet extraction was seen to be higher for the ethanolic extract with a value of 21.9 %, followed by the methanolic extracts (21.06 %) and the qualitative phytochemical tests gave similar classes of phytochemicals like triterpenoids, phenolic compounds and tannins in the methanolic and ethanolic extracts. The total phenolic content was seen to be higher in the ethanolic extract with a value of 26.192 0.401 mg GAE/g and the total flavonoid content was seen to be higher in the methanolic extract with a value of 42.972 0.214 mg QE/g. The methanolic extract showed promising results in the antioxidant assays with a significantly low IC50 value in DPPH assay and high ferric reducing power in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The GC-MS chromatograms showed almost similar compounds for both the methanolic and ethanolic leaf extracts, some important ones being n-Hexadecanoic acid, stigmasterol, campesterol, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, etc, displaying properties of interest like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, etc. This work contributes to our better understanding of the medicinal properties of the leaves of W. piscidia and has also provided a strong scientific basis to the traditional usage claims of this tree. The Author(s). -
Phytochemical Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Properties of Different Parts of Andrographis macrobotrys Nees
Andrographis macrobotrys Nees is an ethnomedicinal plant belonging to the family Acanthaceae, distributed in the moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forests of the southern Western Ghats of India. The objective of this research was to determine the phytochemical composition and bioactive chemical components using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to check the antioxidant potential of the plant part extracts. A. macrobotrys roots, stems, and leaves were obtained from the species natural habitat in the Western Ghats, India. The bioactive compounds were extracted using a Soxhlet extractor at 5560 C for 8 h in methanol. Identification analysis of A. macrobotrys bioactive compound was performed using GC-MS. Quantitative estimation of phytochemicals was carried out, and the antioxidant capacity of the plant extracts was determined by 2,2?-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) and ferric reducing assays (FRAP). A. macrobotrys has a higher concentration of phenolics in its stem extract than in its root or leaf extracts (124.28 mg and 73.01 mg, respectively), according to spectrophotometric measurements. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as azulene, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, benzoic acid, 4-ethoxy-ethyl ester, eicosane, 3-heptadecanol, isopropyl myristate, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, 1-butyl-cyclohexanol, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, alpha-monostearin, and 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone belonging to various classes of flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, fatty acids, and aromatic compounds. Significant bioactive phytochemicals include 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone, azulene, salvigenin, squalene, and tetrapentacontane. In addition, the antioxidant capability of each of the three extracts was assessed. The stem extract demonstrated impressive DPPH scavenging and ferric reduction activities, with EC50 values of 79 mg/mL and 0.537 0.02 OD at 0.2 mg/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated the importance of A. macrobotrys as a source of medicine and antioxidants. 2023 by the authors. -
Phytochemical fingerprinting and evaluation of in silico anti-thrombotic properties of Justicia adhatoda L. and Cordia dichotoma Frost
The study aimed to characterize hydro-methanolic (25%) extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. (stem and flower) and Cordia dichotoma Frost. (Stem and fruit) and evaluate the in silico thrombolytic properties of the major phytocompounds present in the plants. In the preliminary fluorescence imaging through treatment by different reagents, both plants were found to be pharmacologically active. Further qualitative screening of phytochemicals, spectroscopy-based techniques, namely, UV-Vis Spectroscopy and FTIR, revealed various classes of compounds such as polyacetylenes, aglycones, quercetin, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, chalcones and aurones, flavanols, carotenoids, and flavanones. Further, by the application of Thin Layer Chromatography, phenols and flavonoids, namely Catechol, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Lutein, along with other compounds like Chlorophyll b, Glutamic Acid, and Tryptophan were identified from the extracts. Finally, in the molecular docking study, three compounds, Datiscoside and Robinin of C. dichotoma and Daucosterol of J. adhatoda showed high binding energies (-10.224,-9.547 and-9.262 kcal mol-1 respectively) towards the G-protein coupled thrombotic platelet aggregation receptor P2Y1 when compared to that of the control MRS2500 (-7.148 kcal mol-1). Articles by the authors; Licensee SMTCT, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. -
Phytochemical profiling and evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Ipomoea alba L.
Plant-based medicine has been one of the oldest therapeutic practices in India and continues to offer valuable treatments for various ailments. Ipomoea alba, commonly known as morning glory, belongs to the family Convolvulaceae and is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of North and South America. It is renowned for its large, fragrant, nocturnal blooms, this plant holds significant potential in traditional medicine, particularly for managing gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, and skin conditions. The nutrient content of Ipomoea alba leaves and seeds has demonstrated promising health benefits. This study investigated the phytochemical profile of Ipomoea alba leaves using three solvents: water, methanol, and chloroform. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. HPLC analysis identified the presence of phenols in the aqueous extract, albeit in small quantities. Among the three extracts,the methanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, as determined by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Anti-inflammatory activity, assessed using a proteinase inhibitory assay, demonstrated that the methanolic extract showed the greatest inhibition at lower concentrations compared to the aqueous and chloroform extracts. The results suggest that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Ipomoea alba may hold potential applications in cancer prevention and treatment. Future studies will aim to evaluate its cytotoxic effects, thereby exploring its potential role in cancer therapy. The Author(s). -
Phytochemical screening, GC-MS profiling and in vitro antioxidant activity of leaves of Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. ex C. DC.
Plants are a rich source of phytocompounds, have remained an integral part of traditional medicine and serve as alternativesto modern medical treatments. They are powerful sources of antioxidants and the bioactive compounds in plants are associated with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Dysoxylum malabaricum is a species of medium to large-sized trees from the Meliaceae family that is widely found in the Southern Western Ghats and its bark and fruits are used in traditional medicine. Even though it is widely used as ethnomedicinal plant, limited research has been done on its phytochemical constituents, especially the phytocompounds presentin the leaves. Therefore, this study aims to extensively explore and identify the phytocompounds and bioactive elements found in the leaf extracts of D. malabaricum. Extract was prepared from leaves of D. malabaricum using soxhlet extraction method in different solvents (methanol, water and chloroform). Quantitative estimation of phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant assays were carried out, followed by chemical profiling of the extracts using GC-MS, which revealed the presence of many important secondary bioactive compounds. The methanolic extract showed a higher concentration of phenolics (67.88 0.26 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (57.55 0.23 mg QE/g) when compared to aqueous and chloroform extracts. The methanolic extract also demonstrated remarkable DPPH scavenging (with IC50value 32.45 0.22 g/mL) and ferric reduction activities. The results demonstrate that D. malabaricum is an effective source of bioactive and antioxidant compounds. 2025 Horizon e-Publishing Group. All rights reserved. -
Phytochemical, pharmacological and tissue culture studies of some important species of the genus Barleria L. (Acanthaceae) - a review
Ayurvedic sciences helped the early humans to overcome chronic dangerous diseases. There are thousands of varieties of herbs and medicinal plants used to overcome such dreadful diseases. The genus Barleria L. belongs to family Acanthaceae, a medicinally significant group of plants having diversified phytochemicals used for different pharmacological properties. It has been utilized since ancient times for medicinal purposes. It has many plant secondary metabolites such as terpenes, flavonoids, lignins, alkaloids, particularly the iridoid glycosides. The secondary metabolites extracted from Barleria spp. show potential pharmacological activities viz., anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fertility, anti-arthritic and anti-ulcer activity. In view of these, present review is focused on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and tissue culture studies of some of the important species of the genus Barleria L. Sudheer & Praveen (2021). -
Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Ceriops tagal (Perr.). C. B. Rob.
Plants have been used for medicines since ancient times as they serve critical needs and are easily accessible. In recent years, various nations have seen a major increase in the use of plant-based treatments, resulting in a significant rise in the global demand for herbal products. This chapter describes Ceriops tagal, a mangrove species with excellent potential for bioactive components and biological activity. The majority of the distinctive secondary metabolites and their analogs reported in this plant are di-, tri-, and tetra-terpenoids (dolabrane, lupane, oleanane, dammarane, and pimarane), phenolics, and steroids from the hypocotyls, roots, and aerial parts. Various studies reported 97 terpenoids and 14 other metabolites. Many biological activities have already been identified from various extracts, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and neurotrophic activities. In this chapter, we explored the biological potential of C. tagal, particularly its anticancer and neuroprotective activities, and it may be valuable for young researchers looking into the potential drug for chemotherapeutic and neurotrophic properties for the treatment and prevention of cancerous and neurological disorders. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Ceriops tagal (Perr.). C. B. Rob.
Plants have been used for medicines since ancient times as they serve critical needs and are easily accessible. In recent years, various nations have seen a major increase in the use of plant-based treatments, resulting in a significant rise in the global demand for herbal products. This chapter describes Ceriops tagal, a mangrove species with excellent potential for bioactive components and biological activity. The majority of the distinctive secondary metabolites and their analogs reported in this plant are di-, tri-, and tetra-terpenoids (dolabrane, lupane, oleanane, dammarane, and pimarane), phenolics, and steroids from the hypocotyls, roots, and aerial parts. Various studies reported 97 terpenoids and 14 other metabolites. Many biological activities have already been identified from various extracts, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and neurotrophic activities. In this chapter, we explored the biological potential of C. tagal, particularly its anticancer and neuroprotective activities, and it may be valuable for young researchers looking into the potential drug for chemotherapeutic and neurotrophic properties for the treatment and prevention of cancerous and neurological disorders. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Flowers of Chrysanthemum
A prominent edible flower in the Asteraceae family, Chrysanthemum morifolium is used extensively in traditional medicine and as a functional food because of its many different bioactive compounds. It has significant pharmacological properties and is abundant in flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and derivatives of caffeoylquinic acid. Its neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and larvicidal qualities have all been shown in scientific research. The reduction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in brain cells is associated with its neuroprotective effects, whereas the modulation of antioxidant pathways is associated with its hepatoprotective benefits. Because of its capacity to trigger apoptosis and control the cell cycle in cancer cells, the flower is said to have anticancer properties. It also supports its antidiabetic potential by improving glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties aid in the fight against oxidative stress and associated illnesses. Although moderate consumption is advised, toxicological research indicates that it is generally safe to consume. Processing methods such as formulation, drying, and extraction affect the compounds stability and bioavailability. Through a thorough examination of its phytochemistry, biological activities, safety profile, and processing considerations, this chapter emphasizes C. morifolium as a valuable natural therapeutic and functional food ingredient, highlighting its potential to prevent disease and promote health. 2026 Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy. -
Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Flowers of Clitoria ternatea (Butterfly Pea)
In recent years, many countries have witnessed a significant rise in the adoption of plant-based remedies, leading to a substantial increase in the global demand for herbal resources. This chapter explores Clitoria ternatea, a species with remarkable potential due to its bioactive constituents and diverse biological activities. Most of the unique secondary metabolites and their analogues identified in this plant are anthocyanins, including ternatins, preternatins, cyanidin, and delphinidin, along with phenolic acids, terpenoids, and phytosterols derived from the flowers. Altogether, 32 anthocyanins and 19 additional metabolites have been documented across various studies. Different extracts of C. ternatea have demonstrated a wide range of biological properties, notably antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities. To support young researchers investigating potential chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment and prevention of cancer and other diseases, this chapter focuses on the biological functions of C. ternatea, with particular emphasis on its anticancer and antidiabetic benefits. 2026 Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy. -
Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Flowers of Hibiscus x rosa-sinensis (Chinese Rose)
The flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., are a flowering shrub of Malvaceae family. The plant is commonly known as a Chinese rose or shoe flower. The plant is distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world and crossing has led to a large number of cultivars with varying patterns in size, shape, and colour. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the distribution, traditional uses, phytochemical composition, and diverse biological activities associated with the flowers of this ornamental plant. The flowers have played a significant role in various traditions, as a remedy for various ailments and as a source of food. A rich profile of bioactive compounds was observed during phytochemical phytochemical investigations. These bioactive compounds included anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, flavanonols, flavanone, flavones, other phenolic compounds, essential oil, etc. which contributed to the medicinal properties of the flowers. The flower extracts demonstrated various biological activities like Hypolipidemic, Cardioprotective, Hypotensive, Anticancer, Antidiabetic, Cytotoxicity, Antimutagenic, Larvicidal, Anti-inflammatory, Anticonvulsive, Wound Healing, Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antifertility, Antispermatogenic, antipyretic among other activities. This chapter bridges ethnopharmacological knowledge with scientific research, showcasing the potential of H. rosa-sinensis flowers in the development of novel therapeutic drugs as well as natural product development. 2026 Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy.