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MnO2 Nanoclusters Decorated on GrapheneModified Pencil Graphite Electrode for Non-Enzymatic Determination of Cholesterol
Electrochemically deposited MnO2 on graphene coated Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE) has been used to develop a facile electrochemical sensor for the determination of Cholesterol. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) technique were used to investigate the electrochemical properties of the modified sensing platform. The physicochemical properties of the modified electrodes were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The experimental conditions such as effect of scan rate, concentration and pH were optimized. The linear dynamic range for the determination of Cholesterol was found to be 120?10 M2400?10 M under optimum conditions. The ultralow level of detection limit (0.42 nM) demonstrates the high sensitivity of the proposed method. The developed method was successfully applied for the non-enzymatic determination of Cholesterol in human blood samples at ultralow levels. 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim -
?-Cyclodextrin-PANI decorated pencil graphite electrode for the electrochemical sensing of morin in almonds and mulberry leaves
Morin (3,2,4,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is one of the natural flavonoids which is present in a variety of fruits and herbs. ?-cyclodextrin (?-CD) and polyaniline (PANI) decorated Pencil graphite electrode (PGE) has been successfully used as a sensitive and conducting electrode for the determination of morin. The hydroxyl groups of ?-CD attract the analyte towards the modified electrode through hydrogen bonding. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were employed to study the electrochemical properties of the modified electrodes. The enhanced surface roughness of ?-CD-PANI/PGE has resulted in the increase of electrocatalytic activity of electrode towards the analyte. Opitical profilometric studies were performed to evaluate the surface roughness of electrodes and differential pulse votammetry (DPV) was used for the quantitative analysis of morin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were carried out to know the physicochemical characteristics of the modified electrodes. The experimental conditions such as scan rate, pH and concentration were optimized. The electrochemical process was found to be adsorption controlled and irreversible from scan rate studies. Under optimal conditions, the linear dynamic range for the quantification of morin was found to be 1.1732nM. The low detection limit (0.38nM) indicates ultrasensitivity of the proposed method. The suggested method has been effectively employed for the determination of morin in almonds and mulberry leaves. 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Pt Nanospheres Decorated Graphene-?-CD Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode for the Electrochemical Determination of Vitamin B6
An electrochemical sensor for Vitamin B6 determination has been prepared by the electrochemical deposition of Pt nanospheres on graphene-?-CD coated Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE). Cyclic voltammetric (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) studies were employed to explore the electrochemical properties of the modified electrode. The physicochemical properties of the modified electrodes were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical profilometric studies. The experimental conditions such as effect of scan rate, concentration and pH were optimized. The linear dynamic range for the determination of Vitamin B6 was found to be 5nM to 205nM. The low level of detection limit (1.2nM) implies the high sensitivity of the process. The suggested method was effectively employed for the electrocatalytic evaluation of Vitamin B6 in different juice samples. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Non-enzymatic electrochemical determination of salivary cortisol using ZnO-graphene nanocomposites
Electrochemically deposited ZnO nanoparticles on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) coated with graphene generate a noteworthy conductive and selective electrochemical sensing electrode for the estimation of cortisol. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) tests were adopted to analyze and understand the nature of the modified sensor. Surface morphological analysis was done using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Structural characterization was conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of scan rate, concentration, and cycle numbers was optimized and reported. Differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) analysis reveals that the linear range for the detection of cortisol is 5 10-10M - 115 10-10 M with a very low-level limit of detection value (0.15 nM). The demonstrated methodology has been excellently functional for the determination of salivary cortisol non-enzymatically at low-level concentration with enhanced selectivity despite the presence of interfering substances. The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Pt Nanospheres Decorated Graphene-?-CD Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode for the Electrochemical Determination of Vitamin B6
An electrochemical sensor for Vitamin B6 determination has been prepared by the electrochemical deposition of Pt nanospheres on graphene-?-CD coated Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE). Cyclic voltammetric (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) studies were employed to explore the electrochemical properties of the modified electrode. The physicochemical properties of the modified electrodes were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical profilometric studies. The experimental conditions such as effect of scan rate, concentration and pH were optimized. The linear dynamic range for the determination of Vitamin B6 was found to be 5nM to 205nM. The low level of detection limit (1.2nM) implies the high sensitivity of the process. The suggested method was effectively employed for the electrocatalytic evaluation of Vitamin B6 in different juice samples. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022. -
Pt nanospheres decorated graphene-β-CD modified pencil graphite electrode for the electrochemical determination of vitamin B6 /
Topics in Catalysis, Vol.65, pp.1-11, ISSN No: 1572-9028.
An electrochemical sensor for Vitamin B6 determination has been prepared by the electrochemical deposition of Pt nanospheres on graphene-β-CD coated Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE). Cyclic voltammetric (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) studies were employed to explore the electrochemical properties of the modified electrode. The physicochemical properties of the modified electrodes were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical profilometric studies. -
Navigating Hope and Despair: The Agonizing Boat Journeys of the Sri Lankan Tamil Refugees
This study investigates the psychological experiences of Sri Lankan Tamil Refugees (SLTRs) involving boat journeys and the refugee lives that follow. Thirty participants from rehabilitation camps in Tamil Nadu, India, were interviewed. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the responses. The two overarching themes were 'the motives and consequences of exile' and 'the complexities of refugee life.' The findings reveal that the participants experienced psychosomatic symptoms immediately upon arrival, reflecting the inner conflicts resulting from war trauma and boat crossings. They reported serious bouts of trauma during and after their crossing. The first- and second-generation participants recounted nightmares pertaining to boat journeys which contributed to hauntedness, which is a state of emotional or mental disturbance often attributed to past trauma. Refugee life is complex, encompassing hopelessness and haunted memories which are passed down to subsequent generations, leading to intergenerational trauma. The boat journey in itself is an ambivalent phenomenon blending hope and profound agony. This study is a novel attempt to gain coherent insights into the boat travel experiences of the SLTR, the dynamics of the interplay of collective unconscious mechanisms, and anxieties in exile. These insights can play a seminal role in facilitating psychological reconstruction and developing effective coping strategies. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Where is the Ground? Cultural Transmission and Psychological Adaptation of Sri Lankan-Tamil Ethnic Repatriates
This qualitative study aimed to explore the cultural transmission and psychological adaptation of the Indian-origin Sri Lankan Tamil ethnic repatriates (SLTER) in the context of life in repatriation (LIR). Participants were SLTER living in the northern interior regions of Kerala. Thematic analysis derived two major themes, Psychological consequences and expectations of repatriation and Mechanisms for coping with the aftermath of repatriation. Desire for settlements in Sri Lanka despite not holding Sri Lankan citizenship, psychological consequences of repatriation, including longing for the land of origin, manifestations of cultural and emotional shock, and the adoption of food styles analogous to Sri Lankan Tamil Culture (SLTC) were highlighted in the study. Gender and generational differences in psychosomatic symptoms upon arrival were observed. The coping mechanisms included rationalization and language internalization. Participants used ostensive and pointing gestures as initial steps to internalize Indian culture. They are also connected with their Sri Lankan Tamil culture and transmitted that culture to subsequent generations through various socially acceptable forms. They try to find a middle ground between citizenship and refugee status, often feeling torn between their Indian culture and their connection to Sri Lanka due to limited social and economic rights and experiences of marginalization in both countries. Although these aspects have been little investigated, they warrant significant scholarly attention in the context of ethnic repatriation. The Author(s) 2025 -
Ransomware Detection using Dynamic Behavior Monitoring based on Entropy Analysis and Frequency Analysis
Cybersecurity faces mounting challenges due to the proliferation of ransomware, a sophisticated form of malware that encrypts user data, rendering it inaccessible unless a ransom is paid. Traditional detection systems often fail to counteract evolving threats effectively, creating an urgent need for innovative approaches. Introducing a novel hybrid framework for ransomware detection within IoT ecosystems, integrating entropy and frequency analysis with machine learning models, including Decision Trees (DT) and Random Forests (RF). Data augmentation techniques were employed to generate synthetic data, bolstering the models' ability to generalize across diverse scenarios. Experimental results demonstrated superior performance of the DT classifier, achieving an accuracy of 98.89% and an F1-score of 98.81%. The proposed framework is optimized for real-time ransomware detection, leveraging dynamic analysis to monitor live system behaviors. This integration ensures a proactive defense mechanism against emerging ransomware variants. Future research directions include expanding real-time capabilities, enhancing cross-layer detection, and for collaborative threat intelligence. This work represents a significant advancement in ransomware detection methodologies, offering robust, adaptive, and scalable solutions to mitigate one of cybersecurity's most pressing threats. 2025 IEEE. -
Development of a Thin Layer Chromatography method to detect the presence of spiked Steroid drugs in Herbal Crude extracts
This study aimed to develop a better, faster and more efficient TLC method for detecting steroids in the herbal samples. The steroid drugs dexamethasone and prednisolone were considered possible adulterants and were spiked into herbal extracts of neem and amla. Optimization of the TLC mobile phases for better resolution for prominent visualisation of spots was performed with several combinations of solventsnamely, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, toluene, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetic acid and petroleum ether and, spray reagents such as iodine, potassium permanganate, sulphuric acid and, methanol. The optimal result was obtained using chloroform and methanol (9:1, v/v) as the mobile phase and methanol-sulphuric acid (9:1, v/v) as the spraying agent. The method was also able to separate a mixture of dexamethasone and prednisolone in the ratio of 1:1. The retention factors (Rf) for the steroids dexamethasone and prednisolone were within the range of 0.50-0.55 and 0.73-0.83 respectively. The lowest detection limit for the steroid drugs when mixed with herbal samples (neem and amla) was 0.1 g/ml. The developed TLC method is robust and can be conveniently utilised for detecting steroid adulterants in herbal samples. 2026, World Researchers Associations. All rights reserved. -
Advanced Machine Learning Model for Optimizing Pricing Strategies for Logistic Firms
Cost optimization in logistics is a very crucial aspect for businesses to remain profitable and competitive by identifying and eliminating unnecessary costs. Most of the researchers concentrated primarily on demand modeling, vehicle routing challenges, and warehouse cost optimization, hence the existing models underperform. This study introduces a novel prediction model that optimizes costs by considering critical factors such as labor charges, material costs, transportation expenses, task types, and branch location. The current model is worked on a primary dataset of 2468 rows and 28 columns which was obtained from an established relocation company in India with all the confidentiality followed. To improve model performance, the required features were adjusted by rigorous feature engineering and data pretreatment techniques such as box-cox scaling, Winsorization, robust scaling, and one-hot encoding. Three ensemble learning techniques were tested: AdaBoost, XGBoost, and gradient boosting. The gradient boosting model correctly captured the complicated nonlinear connections between cost components and income, enabling for cost optimization decisions across a wide range of operational conditions. The proposed model has shown excellent results with the values achieving an MSE of 15% which demonstrates the effectiveness in cost optimization. However, the presence of residuals and potential outliers suggests that more model refinement and process improvements are required. The studys findings offer a data-driven framework for logistics and relocation companies to reduce costs, boost profitability, and gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
The puzzle of pheromones in nature and their mysterious influence: a comprehensive review
Pheromones are chemical signals that are given off by creatures to communicate with other conspecifics. Because of their influence on animal behavior and relationships throughout the animal world, pheromones have fascinated scientists for decades. The newest findings and new perspectives on the intriguing field of pheromones are synthesized in this thorough review article. We investigate the many roles played by pheromones, from mating attraction and territorial marking to alarm signaling and social organization. The chemical diversity of pheromones is explored in depth in this paper, highlighting the variety of substances used by different animals as messengers. We go over the processes involved in pheromone detection and processing to help understand how chemosensory receptors and brain circuits interact in complex ways. Additionally, we discuss the role that pheromones play in ecology and evolution by promoting speciation and adaptation. This review emphasizes both the new research on pheromones in humans as well as their function in the animal world. We investigate the data supporting human pheromones and their possible impact on social and reproductive behaviors. The review aims to offer a detailed exploration and insight into the role and effects of pheromones in the natural world. This includes examining the chemical essence of pheromones and their functionality as communication signals across different species, investigating the specificity of these chemicals to certain species and how non-specific pheromones come about, and delving into the evolution of pheromones with a focus on the physiological and evolutionary mechanisms that drive communication. Additionally, the review seeks to understand the role pheromones play in pest management, specifically how species-specific pheromones can be utilized in eco-friendly pest control strategies. It will also explore the enigmatic impact pheromones have on the behavior and interactions within and among species. Drawing from a variety of sources, such as scientific research articles, studies on pheromone evolution, and articles on pheromone application in pest management, the review aspires to synthesize existing knowledge to provide a comprehensive overview of pheromones and their intriguing influence in nature. This study intends to not only summarize existing information but also encourage further research, shedding light on these cryptic chemical signals and their tremendous influence on the biology and behavior of species. It does this by offering a comprehensive perspective on the complex world of pheromones. 2024 Mighila Rixon, et al. -
A review on semiconductor nanoparticles in photovoltaic cells /
International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research And Management, Vol.4, Issue 4, pp.43-50, ISSN No: 2455-6378. -
Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of N'-[(E)-furan-2-ylmethylidene]furan-2-carbohydrazide /
European Journal of Chemistry, Vol.5, Issue 3, pp.174-176, ISSN No: 2153-2249. -
Probiotic properties of enterococcus faecium isolated from gallus gallus domesticus and its antimicrobial, antibiofilm and growth enhancing potential in danio rerio
This study focused on isolation and characterisation of potential probiotic bacteria from a non aquatic source (Gallus gallus domesticus). Enterococcus sp. was isolated from the midgut of G. gallus domesticus and was characterised for its ability to survive in artificial gastric juice, trypsin, varying pH and temperature, different concentrations of organic solvents, and was evaluated for its ammonia reduction potential. Notable inhibition of biofilm against Vibrio harveyi (41.03.2 %), Escherichia coli (33.04.0 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (37.84.0 %) and Staphylococcus aureus (41.72.0 %) was observed. The study showed that the isolate improved the survival rate of Danio rerio against V. harveyi and E. coli in challenge studies using survival analysis. The weight and length gains observed were 4.90.1 % and 0.30.2 % (p>0.05), respectively. The use of probiotics from nonaquatic sources can increase the diversity of available probiotics for aquaculture practices. 2021, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University. All rights reserved. -
Understanding the drivers of intermittent fasting adoption in middle adulthood
Over the past decade, intermittent fasting has gained into the mainstream limelight as a prevalent method for weight management and to maintain metabolic health. However, the number of studies exploring the determinants affecting its approval, especially among individuals in middle adulthood, is still comparatively under-examined. Hence, the present study has been conducted to gain better insights about the factors influencing the adoption of intermittent fasting among middle-aged adults. By employing snowball sampling, a sample of 260 respondents was surveyed to comprehend the drivers of intermittent fasting, challenges faced in adhering to it and its impact on physiological and psychological health. Factor analysis was employed to group the factors influencing the respondents adherence to intermittent fasting into three categories: longevity-enhancing incentives for intermittent fasting, wellness incentives for intermittent fasting and cognitive enhancement incentives for intermittent fasting. In order to examine the significant differences among the ages of the respondents among the three factors, ANOVA and post-hoc test were conducted. The post-hoc test results provide insight into how motivational factors for intermittent fasting vary across different age groups. For respondents in the age group between 35 to 45 years, the post-hoc results show statistically significant differences in the first factor with the group aged 18-25 and 25-35 years, respectively at 5 % level of significance. The insights garnered from this research are contributory in understanding the factors influencing how and why individuals in middle adulthood embrace intermittent fasting practices. 2025 The Authors. -
NEXT-GEN SUSTAINABILITY: ANALYSING ATTITUDES AND ACTIONS OF GEN Z TOWARDS CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES
Generation Zs (Gen Z) role in the creation in maintenance of the circular economy is very important, as they have the potential to shape sustainable practices for future generations. This study aims to comprehend Gen Zs role in promoting environmental sustainability within the framework of the circular economy. An explanatory sequential research design has been adopted in order to achieve the objectives of this research article. The researchers have initially collected quantitative data from 941 respondents using a questionnaire. The respondents were selected based on a stratified random sampling approach. Following the quantitative analysis, qualitative data was collected via interviews with 18 Gen Z participants. Based on the quantitative data analysis, the study found that Gen Z exhibits a strong commitment to promoting circular economy. The results of the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) shows that recycling activity has the highest impact on achieving the principles of circular economy. Based on the qualitative analysis, this study discovered four main themes. The first theme was centred on Awareness of Circular Economy. The second theme explored the Integration of the Circular Economy on Personal Life. The third theme, probed into the Impact of the Circular Economy on Peoples Lives. While the final theme addressed Steps Towards Building an Active Circular Economy. UMT Press -
ILeHCSA: an internet of things enabled smart home automation scheme with speech enabled controlling options using machine learning strategy
Nowadays, communication schemes and the related automation logics have improved drastically, and people are moving from classical to intelligent applications. This naturally raises the growth ratio of the automation industry and enables researchers to work accordingly. The field of automation is essential in specific unavoidable environments such as hospitals, industrial units, individual residences, disaster areas, etc. In this paper, a novel machine-learning enabled speech-based home automation system is designed, called Intelligent Learning-enabled Home Controlling with Speech Assistance (ILeHCSA). This scheme integrates several latest technologies to control the home intelligently, including machine learning, speech assistance technology, and Internet of Things (IoT) support. Based on these advanced technologies, the logic of smart home automation systems has been designed in this approach, and it provides intellectual home controlling options to people. The following are the devices and sensors which are essential to control the electronic devices embedded into the home environment: Node Microcontroller Unit (MCU) Wi-Fi enabled Microcontroller, Relay Unit, Voice Capture Module with Mic, Speech-to-Text (STT) Converter Module, and Global Positioning System (GPS) to identify the location of the device. The machine-learning logic is utilized to provide a statistical analysis of device usage and to provide a clear summary and traces to maintain the device accordingly. These smart technologies can innovatively change the living atmosphere with sufficient support and comfort. The main intention of this paper is to provide a robust home automation system to support people efficiently, especially the people who are physically suffering from illness and the aged ones. The proposed work provides a 96.5% accuracy ratio when compared with other methods. 2021 Nismon Rio Robert et al. -
Artificial Intelligence Technique Based Effective Disaster Recovery Framework to Provide Longer Time Connectivity in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
Communication plays a vital role for effective management and for the execution of disaster response and emergency recovery efforts must be able to exchange information with each other from anywhere, at any time to successfully fulfill their missions. Therefore, it is important to configure emergency communications networks in disaster conditions using ad-hoc networks. This proposed framework collects the information and communication before or after a disaster. The aim of this research work is to propose a possible practical communication model by using ad-hoc network configuration technologies using Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) with the proposed algorithm. The development of this research work is to improve information exchange and facilitate coordination among emergency services and disaster field offices, state/level entities and private industry. This is accomplished by the integration of existing information systems, implementation of new efficient technologies and interconnection of established networks with artificial based techniques. IJCESEN. -
A Revised Study of Stability Issues in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
Adhoc or short live network has developed tremendously in the recent time, which can work without any access point or mobile towers. That means it is an infrastructure less network. Mobile Ad-hoc Networks can be referred as MANETs. The locations can be changed, and it can discover the path dynamically. In other words, the nodes move dynamically leading to the update of the topology, frequent change in topology, optimization of routing and fading the interference of multiuser are few issues connected with MANETs that affects the efficiency of the data transfer. The purpose of this survey is to reveal the various types of mechanisms which can be used to resolve the problem of routing performance related issues in MANETs. This paper also presents the classification of link stability, route repair and stable path algorithms in tabular format. 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.