Browse Items (14421 total)
Sort by:
-
Synthesis and characterization of porous, mixed phase, wrinkled, few layer graphene like nanocarbon from charcoal /
Russian Journal Of Physical Chemistry A, Vol.89, Issue 13, pp.2438-2442, ISSN No: 0036-0244. -
Synthesis and characterization of SnO2-SA-FA nanocomposite for anticancer (cervical cancer HeLa cells), antimicrobial (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans) and antioxidant activities
This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a novel sodium alginate (SA) and folic acid (FA) functionalized tin oxide nanocomposite (SnO2-SA-FA) and investigates its antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. XRD analysis confirmed the tetragonal crystalline structure of SnO2, while the crystallite size decreased from 28.3 nm for pure SnO2 to 22.1 nm after functionalization, indicating enhanced surface area and reactivity. UVvisible analysis revealed a reduction in bandgap energy from 3.6 to 3.4 eV, suggesting improved charge transfer capability. Photoluminescence studies showed green emission at 506 nm, indicating enhanced oxygen vacancy defects and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The SnO2-SA-FA nanocomposite demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, exhibiting zones of inhibition of 20 mm and 17 mm, respectively, with minimum bactericidal concentration values of 1600 ?g mL?1. Antioxidant studies revealed significantly improved 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, reaching 83.23% at 100 ?g mL?1 compared to 66.34% for pure SnO? nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity studies against HeLa cervical cancer cells demonstrated dose-dependent anticancer activity, with the SnO2-SA-FA nanocomposite exhibiting a lower IC50 value (concentration required to inhibit 50% of cell viability) (40.6 ?g mL?1) than pure SnO? nanoparticles (58.2 ?g mL?1). Fluorescence microscopy confirmed enhanced apoptosis induction through ROS-mediated oxidative stress and folate-receptor-targeted uptake. Furthermore, biocompatibility studies on L929 fibroblast cells showed cell viability above 80%, confirming low toxicity and favorable biological safety. These findings demonstrate that the SnO2-SA-FA nanocomposite is a promising multifunctional nanoplatform for antimicrobial, antioxidant and targeted anticancer biomedical applications. 2026 Society of Chemical Industry. 2026 Society of Chemical Industry. -
Synthesis and Characterization of WO3 Nanostructures by the Solvothermal Method for Electrochromic Applications
In this study, a tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin film was deposited by direct current (DC) sputtering onto a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate as the seed layer at an oxygen partial pressure of 8 10?4mbar. A simple solvothermal method involving tungsten hexacarbonyl (W(CO)6), ethanol (C2H5OH), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) was used to synthesize vertically stacked nanoscale WO3 hierarchical structures on WO3 seed-layered FTO. After the deposition process, the FTO samples with nanostructures were subjected to annealing in air at 400C for 4 h. After annealing, the surface morphology, structural characteristics, and optical and electrochromic properties of the grown nanostructures were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UVvisible spectroscopy, and electrochemical analysis. From the XRD analysis, all the diffraction patterns were ascribed to a monoclinic phase. The SEM analysis showed that films grown with 5?L HCl had a nanoflower structure compared to the films grown with 0?L HCl and 20?L HCl. The nanoflower-structured films showed a higher cathodic peak current (?2.22mA), diffusion coefficient (5.43 10?9 cm2/s), and coloration efficiency (23.6 cm2/C). The increased electrochromic characteristics were attributed to the nanostructured films, which enhanced the diffusion of H+ ions by providing a large surface area during the charge transfer process. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2024. -
Synthesis and crystal structure of 1,7-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3- dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione
The synthesis and crystal structure of 1,7-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3- dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione is described. This compound crystallizes in the space group P21 with unit cell parameters a = 14.207 b = 7.752(1) c = 19.473(1) ? = 91.00(3), with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The ketenedithioacetal functionality present between the carbonyl groups prevents the possibility of keto-enol tautomerization in this compound. The cinnamoyl groups are organized parallel to each other due to the push-pull nature of the ketenedithioacetal functionality. 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. -
Synthesis and electrochemical studies of 1,1-binaphthyl-2,2-diol for aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion battery applications
The constant increase in the utilization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in various field applications, including electrical vehicles and electronic devices, has led researchers to focus on their multiple path developments to obtain new electrode materials. The practical development of these electrode materials, based on organic and inorganic moieties, is challenging for various groups of LIB scientists. The concept of organic electrode materials is highly competitive with inorganic electrode materials because of the accessibility of more active sites with structural diversity, high energy and power density, environmental friendliness potential sustainability, and low cost. Herein, 1,1-binaphthyl-2,2-diol (BINOL) is investigated as an organic electrode material that contains two hydroxyl groups that act as active centers. The oxidative coupling process is employed to synthesize BINOL and so obtained product was characterized by using FT-IR, 1H-NMR and MASS techniques. The electrochemical investigations were carried out using sat. Li2SO4 electrolytic medium at three-electrode cell system. The Cyclic voltammetry (CV) has provided information on the anodic behavior of the material and its stability studied at different scan rates. The battery performance of the cell BINOL | Sat. Li2SO4 | LiMn2O4 by galvanostatic charge-discharge potential limit (GCPL) shows 197/171mAhg?1 specific capacity and 90% columbic efficiency. The electrochemical kinetic obtained by potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) shows a semi-infinite diffusion process. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Synthesis and Future Directions on Circular Economy
Stakeholders participation is vital to the success of circular business models, and the investor is perceived as the principal stakeholder. So, it is essential to understand the factors shaping investment behavior in the circular economy. In this context, this study is an initial attempt to explore the factors playing a role in shaping investor behavior. The study explores the role of perception on sustainable investments, awareness of ESG practices, and environmental considerations in shaping investment behavior. The study finds that perception of sustainable investment and awareness of ESG practices have significant effects on sustainable investment behavior. It is seen that digital technologies, including financial technologies, have a huge role in bringing up circular economy efforts. In this context, by building fuzzy logic, artificial intelligence can be an effective tool in determining investor behavior in the hands of corporates. At the same time, from the investors side, building digital financial literacy is required to deal with sustainable investments by upholding independence in decision-making. 2026 selection and editorial matter, Biswadip Basu Mallik, Gunjan Mukherjee, Rahul Kar, and Youqing Fan; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Synthesis and Multifaceted Exploration of 4-Phenylpiperidin-4-ol Substituted Pyrazole: Photophysical Insights with Biological Activity
In this study, we successfully synthesized a pyrazole derivative, specifically 4-phenylpiperidin-4-ol substituted pyrazole (CHP), through the reaction of Grignard reagents in combination with pyrazole. This newly synthesized molecule was subjected to a comprehensive evaluation for both its photophysical and biological applications. Notably, CHP exhibited promising invitro antifungal and antibacterial activities, primarily attributed to the presence of the 4-phenylpiperidin-4-ol moiety and resulting component contributed to an enhanced absorption rate of lipids, thereby improving the pharmacological activity of CHP. This correlation between structure and function was further supported by the outcomes of structure-activity relationship studies. Additionally, we conducted in silico studies to examine the molecular interactions of the synthesized molecule with key proteins, including DNA Gyrase, Lanosterol 14 ?-demethylase, and KEAP1-NRF2. The results unveiled robust binding interactions at specific sites within these proteins, indicating potential therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, the photophysical properties of the synthesized compounds were thoroughly investigated using the ab-initio technique. This involved the determination of ground state optimization and HOMO-LUMO energy levels, all calculated with the DFT-B3LYP-6-31G(d) basis set. The assessment of the theoretically estimated HOMO-LUMO value provided insights into the global chemical reactivity descriptors, revealing that the synthesized molecule boasts a highly electronegative and electrophilic index. Taken together, our findings suggest that pyrazole derivatives with 4-phenylpiperidin-4-ol substitutions exhibit promising applications in both photophysical and biological contexts. 2024 Ghaferah H. Al-Hazmi et al., published by Sciendo. -
Synthesis and Multifunctional Evaluation of BaO?-Sodium Alginate-Curcumin Nanocomposite: Improved Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Osteosarcoma Cell Inhibition
Nanotechnology-based strategies provide a promising platform for developing multifunctional materials with enhanced antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, offering effective solutions for combating infections, oxidative stress, and osteosarcoma cell proliferation. In the current study BaO2-sodium alginate-curcumin (BaO?-SA-Cur) was prepared by facile wet chemical route. The structural and morphological characteristics of the composite were ascertained using extensive characterization techniques. The crystallite size was found to be 52.2nm for BaO2 and 43.1nm for BaO2-SA-Cur nanocomposite as per XRD analysis. UV-visible spectroscopy results revealed that the band gap was found as 4.54eV for BaO2-SA-Cur nanocomposite and 4.38eV for BaO2 nanoparticles. PL studies revealed that the BaO2-SA-Cur nanocomposite exhibited intense emission peaks at 379nm, 421nm, 448nm, 477nm, and 508nm. DLS analysis revealed that the pure BaO2 exhibited the particle size around 118.70 5.4nm while the BaO?-SA-Cur nanocomposite around 139.50 7.8nm and more dispersion in the solution. The BaO?-SA-Cur nanocomposite exhibited enhanced antibacterial action against multi-resistant gram-negative bacterial species (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) than that of pure BaO? and comparable with streptomycin. Importantly, the nanocomposite revealed remarkable anticancer activity against the osteosarcoma MG-63 cells where Cur was synergistically inducing cell apoptosis. The IC50 value was calculated as 45.7 for undoped BaO2 and 35.6 for doped BaO2-SA-Cur composite. Biocompatibility studies on L929 fibroblast cells showed over 85% cell viability for BaO?-SA-Cur, confirming its low cytotoxicity and suitability for biomedical applications. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Synthesis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of 2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde Nicotinic Hydrazone and 2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde Benzhydrazone
Synthesis and NMR spectral studies of bidentate N and S heterocycles of 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde nicotinic hydrazone and 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde benzhydrazone have been carried out. The compounds, 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde nicotinic hydrazone and 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde benzhydrazone were synthesized by reacting stoichiometric quantities of nicotinic hydrazide and benzhydrazide with 2-thiophene carboxaldehyde in methanol in the presence of glacial acetic acid at refluxing temperature. Upon cooling the reaction mixture, the products were obtained as colorless solids. 1H, 13C, 1H-1H COSY, and 1H-13C HSQC experiments have been conducted to characterize the compounds. 2020 Malaysian Institute of Chemistry. All rights reserved. -
Synthesis and photophysical properties of a novel phthalimide derivative using solvatochromic shift method for the estimation of ground and singlet excited state dipole moments
A novel phthalimide derivative, 2-{4-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-1Hisoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (TMPID) containing an isoindole moiety was synthesized by the cyclisation of 2-({4-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)benzoic acid (TMPCB). The absorbance and fluorescence spectra of the derivative were recorded in fifteen different solvents to investigate their solvatochromic behaviour and dipole moments. Different solvent correlation methods, like the BilotKawski, LippertMataga, Bakhshiev, KawskiChammaViallet and Reichardt methods were employed to estimate the singlet excited and ground state dipole moments. Using multiple regression analysis, solute-solvent, specific and non-specific interactions were analyzed by means of Kamlet-Abboud-Taft and Catalan parameters. Computational studies were performed using time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) in order to calculate ground state dipole moment, atomic charges and frontier molecular orbital energies in solvent phase. Experimental and computational studies indicate that the singlet excited state dipole moment of TMPID is greater than the ground state dipole moment. The chemical stability of the derivative was determined by means of chemical hardness (?) using HOMOLUMO energies. From TD-DFT computational analysis, reactive centres in the molecule were evaluated based on molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) 3D plots. 2016 Elsevier B.V. -
Synthesis and physico-chemical characterization of ZnS-based green semiconductor: A review
One-dimensional (1D) semiconductor nanostructures have been attracting a great deal of attention because of their excellent electronic and optoelectronic performance. Zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanostructures have attracted increasing attention because of their potential application in both conditional optical devices and new generation of green nanostructure semiconductors because of their special structure-related physical and chemical properties. Synthetic form of ZnS can be transparent, and it is used as a window for visible optics, infrared optics, and functional materials. In this chapter, the detailed studies of synthesis, characterization of crystals, and noncrystalline behavior is reported. The crystal structure of semiconductor and its morphological studies are compared and fabrication methods will be described. The major parameters that influence on ZnS doped with metal ions and rare earth ions and its optoelectronic properties will be carefully analyzed. In addition, the primary application of ZnS micro- and nanocrystals will be described. At the end, the predicted future applications and development directions of doped and undoped ZnS nanocrystals will be given. 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Synthesis and Studies on Partially Stabilized Zirconia and Rare-Earth Zirconate Pyrochlore Structured Multilayered Coatings
This work is focused on the thermal fatigue behaviour studies of ceramic coatings, as TBC (Thermal Barrier Coating) system, its importance in determining the thermo-mechanical properties and service-life estimation of the coatings when exposed to elevated operating temperatures. Commercial 6-8%Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) top coat (TC) and NiCrAlY bond coat (BC) in (a) conventional YSZ (BC and TC), (b) multi-layered functionally graded materials (FGM) i.e., BC-blend (50BC+50TC)-(TC) configuration and (c) lab synthesized Zirconia based pyrochlore (Lanthanum Zirconate-LZ) were the coating materials involved. Nickel based super alloy Inconel 718 substrates were coated by using Atmosphere Plasma Spray (APS) system with three different (varying power) plasma spray parameters. All the sides of the 25mm x 10mm x 5mm thick substrates were completely covered with the bond coat and ceramic coating. FGM configuration was spray coated only on one side of the Inconel flat plates. Thermal shock cycle tests were performed on the coated specimen by following the ASTM B214-07 guidelines which comprised of introducing the coated specimen in a muffle furnace at 1150C, held in it for 2 minutes before removing from furnace followed by forced fan air cooling (one shock cycle). The specimen were periodically subjected to visual inspection for faults, before continuing the shock cycles, until the coating flaked off or cracked or detached from substrate. Cross section metallographic samples were prepared and analysed under SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and Energy Dispersive spectroscope (EDS) to study the as-sprayed coating morphology and interface quality, measure coating thickness, study defects characteristics and the chemical composition. Crystal structural phases were analysed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). 2019 Elsevier Ltd. -
Synthesis and third-order nonlinear optical properties of PEGylated platinum nanoparticles
PEGylated platinum nanoparticles, which are capped with polyethylene glycol-400, are synthesized through the chemical reduction technique. The sample was comprehensively characterised through UVvisible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD pattern for the sample revealed a face-centered cubic crystalline phase of platinum, with a lattice constant of 3.939 The average particle size, obtained from high-resolution electron microscopy analysis, is 3.73 nm. The third order NLO features were explored through the Z-scan technique, employing a continuous wave regime. The observed phenomena of nonlinear absorption (NLA) and nonlinear refraction (NLR) are attributed to reverse saturable absorption and thermal lens models. NLR index was measured to be in the range of 5.72 10?10 cm2/W, while NLA coefficient was found to be in the range of 1.86 10?5 cm/W, highlighting the potential of PEGylated Pt NPs for NLO applications. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Synthesis methods of chitosan nanoparticles: A review
Biopolymeric nanoparticles are found to be very effective in potential applications in different fields, especially in biomedical field. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) are one of those kind of nanoparticle with great research potential owing to its nontoxicity, biodegradability, and high permeability. The extraction of chitosan biopolymer and the production of CSNPs are both vibrant research areas. Emulsification, complexing, phase inversion etc. are the conventional synthesis methods; new synthesis methods are being developed to overcome the disadvantages of traditional approaches. Here we provide a glimpse into the methodological and mechanistic underpinnings of the synthesis methods of CSNPs. This chapter provides a complete overview of the synthesis methods used for the production of CSNPs, their benefits, drawbacks, and obstacles, as well as their future prospects. 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Synthesis methods of nanostructured carbon materials
One of the most crucial factors in the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials is the choice of synthesis method. Since the synthesis process is heavily reliant on the particle size and molecular structure, it has a significant impact on the final properties of the nanoparticles. The top-down and bottom-up approaches are the two primary approaches. In contrast to the top-down method, which breaks down larger carbon sources like graphite or bulk carbon materials into nanoscale structures, the bottom-up method uses a variety of chemical reactions, including dehydration, carbonization, polymerization, and other irreversible chemical reactions, to create nanoparticles. In this chapter, the various top-down and bottom-up synthesis routes are covered, along with their effects on the physico-chemical characteristics of carbon nanomaterials. 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Synthesis of 1, 8-Naphthyridine-3-Carbonitriles under solvent-free conditions using ceric ammonium nitrate
1,8-naphthyridines are synthesized using a four-component, one-pot approach. This method includes the reaction of aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile, 1,6-dimethylpyridin-2(1H)-one, substituted aniline in a solvent-free condition catalyzed by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN). Contrary to the reported literature, this distinct method houses several promising factors to the same degree as solvent-free reaction conditions, shorter reaction duration, excellent yields, and a straightforward extraction process. 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Synthesis of 4H-3,1-Benzothiazin-4-Ones via C-N/C-S Bond Forming Reactions
A Phosphine-free and effective process has been expressed for the formulation of N,S-heterocycles following a C-N/C-S bond forming reactions. The described process operates through EDC-HCl-mediated heterocyclization of diverse isothiocyanates and bis-nucleophiles to deliver 1,3-thiazinone derivatives, which eliminates the use of hazardous reagents. The developed protocol was found applicable over a wide range of substrates in delivering N,S-heterocycles in excellent yields at room temperature and short reaction time. 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Synthesis of bent-shaped azobenzene main-chain polymers for photo-switching properties
This work presents the synthesis of the new bent-core polymers with siloxane units connected to the one side of azobenzene units. The structure of siloxane-based azobenzene bent-core polymers, 7ac, was elucidated by spectral analysis (nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). The results of gel permeation chromatography suggested that all polymers (7ac) showed polydisperse (polydispersity index >1). Besides, the extent of polymerization in the following order: 7a > 7b > 7c, where the degree of polymerization values were 7, 8 and 11, respectively. Polarizing optical microscopy revealed that the bent-core liquid crystal (BCLC) monomers, 6a and 6b, displayed the smectic A phase, whereas BCLC monomer 6c and all siloxane-based main-chain polymers (MCPs) (7ac) were crystalline in nature. The result of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy demonstrated that all MCPs (7ac) exhibited strong photoisomerization behavior in solution. All polymers (7ac) showed trans to cis isomerization in about 200 s, whereas the reverse process required much longer times ranging from 400 to 520 min in solution. The photo-switching study on azobenzene containing polymers stated that the effect of alkyl chain length and type of central core units on trans to cis isomerization were negligible. In contrast, both parameters influence the cis to trans process in which the photo-switching behavior of these materials may be primarily suitably exploited in the field of photo-induced phenomenon. 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Synthesis of bismuth silicate nanostructures with tunable morphology and enhanced photocatalytic activity
Bismuth oxide due to its narrow bandgap has attracted significant attention as a photocatalyst. A facile and efficient method to synthesize bismuth silicate with tunable morphology and property is achieved in this study. Bismuth oxide and bismuth silicate have been synthesized by surfactant-assisted modified sol-gel method. The fabricated bismuth oxide nanoparticle samples are characterized by various analytical tools such as X-Ray diffractometer, Infra-Red spectroscopy, Scanning Electron microscopy and UV-Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B dye in aqueous medium. Bismuth silicate exerts more satisfactory catalytic property and outstanding reusability compared to pure bismuth oxide. The superior stability and enhanced activity enables the application of bismuth silicate as a photocatalyst for environmental remediation. 2019, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved. -
Synthesis of carbon nanomaterials from vegetables
This chapter looks into new horizons of sustainable nanotechnology developed through innovative carbocentrism that focuses on the development of carbon based nanomaterials from different categories of vegetables. This chapter is centered on the green synthesis of vegetable-derived sweet potato, garlic, lemon, and radish into carbon dots (CDs), graphene sheets, and carbon quantum dots through hydrothermal and aqueous extraction methods. To surpass traditional methods of nanomaterial synthesis, researchers are developing vegetable-derived nanomaterials that possess unique properties such as fluorescence and ranging surface functionalities. Such practices are recommended for reducing environmentally hazardous substances while upholding important eco-friendly principles and sustainable accountable nanotechnology. These methodologies address the misuse of dangerous substances and provides effective eco friendly approaches which emphasizenew direction towards sustainable nanotechnology. The versatility of these vegetable-derived carbon nanomaterials is evident in their applications, spanning from biomedical fields, such as drug delivery and bioimaging to environmental monitoring, particularly in the selective detection of metal ions. The advancements of medical technology are much needed in society today that is being more particular about green approaches and innovations. This willthe help low toxic and biocompatible nanomaterials live up to their full potential for eco-friendly biomedical technologies. This chapter serves as a comprehensive exploration of the synthesis, applications, and broader implications of carbon nanomaterials from vegetables, providing valuable insights into the evolving landscape of green nanotechnology. 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.