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Computer Vision Based Automatic Margin Computation Model for Digital Document Images
Margin, in typography, is described as the space between the text content and the document edges and is often essential information for the consumer of the document, digital or physical. In the present age of digital disruption, it is customary to store and retrieve documents digitally and retrieve information automatically from the documents when necessary. Margin is one such non-textual information that becomes important for some business processes, and the demand for computing margins algorithmically mounts to facilitate RPA. We propose a computer vision-based text localization model, utilizing classical DIP techniques such as smoothing, thresholding, and morphological transformation to programmatically compute the top, left, right, and bottom margins within a digital document image. The proposed model has been experimented with different noise filters and structural elements of various shapes and size to finalize the bilateral filter and lines and structural elements for the removal of noises most commonly occurring due to scans. The proposed model is targeted towards text document images and not the natural scene images. Hence, the existing benchmark models developed for text localization in natural scene images have not performed with the expected accuracy. The model is validated with 485 document images of a real-time business process of a reputed TI company. The results show that 91.34 % of the document images have conferred more than 90 % IoU value which is well beyond the accuracy range determined by the company for that specific process. 2023, Crown. -
Intelligent Information Retrieval Model for Digital Documents in Title Insurance
Documents have been pivotal in shaping human history by preserving knowledge and newlineenabling the transmission of ideas across generations and cultures. They have facilitated the establishment of legal systems, institutions, and governance, fostering societal order and progress. Additionally, documents serve as a collective memory, chronicling the achievements and lessons learned, enriching the human experience. Transforming documents from physical to digital format has revolutionized how we access, store, and share information in the digital age. This transition, enabled by technological advances, began with the invention of the scanner, which allowed for newlinethe digital capture of images and text. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology that can convert scanned documents into searchable, editable digital texts further streamlined this process. As the storage capacity and internet speeds have increased, digitization has become more accessible and widespread. Cloud-based storage solutions, such as Google Drive and Dropbox, now allow users to store, access, and share digital documents from anywhere with an internet connection. This has improved collaboration and communication and reduced the need for physical storage space. The digitization of documents has also significantly impacted the environment, with paper consumption decreasing and many industries carbon footprint reducing. Libraries and archives have transformed digitally, making vast information more easily accessible and preserving vital historical records for future generations. This digital shift has democratized knowledge, granting people worldwide access to resources that were once limited newlineto those with physical proximity to the material. -
Effectiveness of anti-smoking PSAa: A comparative study /
The purpose of the study is to find out whether anti-smoking Public Service Advertisements are well strategized attempts to create and spread awareness about a public issue that could affect deeply seated public attitudes and behaviour. The study also highlights the ways in which anti-smoking PSAs are produced in different parts of the world and how it has brought changes in the public behaviour. -
Analysis of nonlinear compartmental model using a reliable method
The goal of this work is to investigate nonlinear models and their complexity using techniques that are universal and have connections to historical and material aspects. Using the premise of a constant population that is uniformly mixed, a nonlinear compartmental model that depicts the movement between voter classes is taken into consideration. In the current work, we investigate the dynamical framework that supports the interactions between the three parties. It is discussed how rate change affects various metrics. The conditions for boundedness, stability, existence, and other dynamics are obtained. We derive the effects of generalizing the model in any order. The current study supports investigations into complex real-world issues and forecasts of necessary plans. 2023 The Author(s) -
Review of open space rules and regulations and identification of specificities for plot-level open spaces to facilitate sustainable development: An Indian case
Rapid urbanization and an increase in the alteration of natural resources have led to climate crises, driving the need to promote sustainable development. Urban open space management plays a vital role in such scenarios. Research on urban open spaces has been mainly conducted at regional, municipal, and neighborhood scales. Rarely has the focus been on the plot-level potentials and management of open spaces. Therefore, the study looks into the Indian development control rules and regulations and identifies that although these stipulate the percentage of open space for development on each plot, specificities for open spaces are unclear. Further, the study analyses quantitative and qualitative aspects of open spaces for selected group housing schemes in Pune city. The inquiry shows that per capita open space in Pune is comparatively lower than national standards. The quantitative aspects include FSI, building ground coverage, built-up area, number of floors, and number of dwelling units, and each relates to open spaces in one way or another. The qualitative interpretations disclose that a plot-level open space can significantly impact the regional-level open space network. Hence, the research advocates a bottom-up approach wherein plot-level open space can become the focus in formulating new norms and policies for sustainable development. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Conversion of alkynes into 1,2-diketones using HFIP as sacrificial hydrogen donor and DMSO as dihydroxylating agent
A metal-free and hypervalent iodine free conversion of internal alkynes into 1,2-diketo compounds has been described. The efficacy of the present protocol rely on the use of HFIP (1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-propanol) as reducing agent of alkynes and DMSO as dihydroxylating agent of olefins to acquire the desired chemical transformations. The obtained 1,2-diketones were further transformed into useful derivatives. 2020 Elsevier Ltd -
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Size Tuning, Phase Stabilization, and Anticancer Efficacy of Amorphous Selenium Nanoparticles: Effect of Ion-Pair Interaction, ?OH Functionalization, and Reuse of RTILs as Host Matrix
Se nanoparticles (NPs) of predominantly amorphous phase (?-Se) have been prepared in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The effects of ion-pair combination and ?OH functionalization of RTILs on the size and phase stability of Se NPs were investigated. The RTILs used were 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium boron tetrafluoride ([EMIM][BF4]), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl imidazolium boron tetrafluoride ([EOHMIM][BF4]), and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium methane sulfonate ([EMIM][MS]). The size of Se NPs@[EOHMIM][BF4] was found to be the smallest (?32 nm), followed by Se NPs@[EMIM][BF4] (?57 nm) and Se NPs@[EMIM][MS] (?60 nm), respectively. Interestingly, the stability studies revealed minimal size variations for Se NPs@[EMIM][MS], followed by Se NPs@[EOHMIM][BF4] and Se NPs@[EMIM][BF4], respectively. The observed trends could be correlated with the strength of interionic interactions in the respective RTILs, as well as their packing order (density). Importantly, the RTILs played the role of a solvent, a stabilizer, and an in situ source of reducing species. Pulse radiolysis study revealed imidazolium-originated radical species-driven formation of Se NPs. Further, anticancer efficacy studies demonstrated the role of NP size, wherein Se NPs@[EOHMIM][BF4] exhibited the highest cancer cell killing, followed by Se NPs@[EMIM][BF4] and Se NPs@[EMIM][MS]. Another significant highlight of this work is the reuse of the spent RTILs for the synthesis of the next batch of Se NPs. 2021 American Chemical Society -
Defect originated photoluminescence tuning of silica nanoparticles prepared by electron beam irradiation and their applications
Considering the imminent importance of Silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), a highly rapid and one-pot scalable approach is being reported for their preparation. Electron-beam was used to derive the formation of SiO2 NPs, while in situ functionalization was carried out by ?-Cyclodextrin (?-CD). XRD pattern of as prepared ?-CD functionalized SiO2 NPs (i.e., ?-CD@SiO2 NPs) revealed their amorphous nature, while imaging studies showed self-assembling of NPs into a porous structure. UVvisible absorption spectra showed multiple peaks at 233, 323, 390 and 455 nm, which signifies the presence of different kind of defects in the as prepared NPs. An interesting aspect of this work is tuning of the photoluminescent properties of NPs from blue to green by simply varying the absorbed dose. This could be attributed to the formation of a particular kind of defects at a proportionate absorbed dose. These defects act as emission centers (ECs) and were analysed through steady state and time-resolved emission studies. Notably, ?-CD played significant role in influencing the composition of the NPs, whilst enhancing their colloidal stability and quantum yield. The prospective applications of ?-CD@SiO2 NPs were explored in latent fingerprinting and thermosensing. 2020 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. -
Electron beam mediated synthesis of photoluminescent organosilicon nanoparticles in TX-100 micellar medium and their prospective applications
The inherent advantages of Silicon have made it as one of the most sought-after elements in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Herein, we report an electron-beam induced formation of blue light emitting organosilicon nanoparticles (OSiNPs) in the micellar medium of Triton X-100 (TX-100). The profound role of the micellar medium can be realized from the enhanced colloidal stability as well as photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency (from ~9% to ~55%) of as synthesized OSiNPs. Mechanistic investigations revealed the crucial role of hydroxyl radical ([rad]OH) in the formation of OSiNPs. XPS and FTIR studies indicated the presence of siloxane/silicone and silica (SiO2) like units as the major constituents in the NPs. XRD pattern showed the amorphous nature of the NPs, while TEM studies revealed their aggregation. The hydrodynamic size of the NPs was determined to be ~24 nm. Interestingly, the NPs exhibited an excitation-wavelength-dependent PL behaviour, thereby indicating the presence of multiple emission centres (ECs). Detailed investigations based on steady-state as well as time-resolved PL measurements were conducted to analyse these ECs. In addition, pH and temperature-dependent studies were carried out to further substantiate these findings. Moreover, the experimental observations revealed their potential applications in the areas of thermosensing, fingerprinting and cell-imaging. Notably, the internalization of as prepared NPs within cells was evident from the bright fluorescence images obtained from the cytoplasmic region as compared to control cells. This observation also suggests the prospective application of these NPs for image guided drug delivery systems. 2021 Elsevier B.V. -
Dynamic response of parabolic reflector antenna subjected to shock load and base excitation considering soil-structure interaction
Parabolic reflector antenna structures are subjected to dynamic loads along with normal loads. Determining the dynamic response of the antenna structure subjected to short-duration loads such as earthquake loads and shock loads considering soil-structure interaction is very important to ensure the safety and functionality of the antenna system resting on soft soil. A 7.2m diameter parabolic reflector antenna with a 90-degree elevation orientation is considered for the study. A triangular pulse of shock load is applied to the antenna at different locations and responses are estimated to understand the coupling effect of soil and structure on frequencies, damping, and response. Transient response analysis is carried out. Earthquake analysis is also carried out as per IS 1893 part 4:2016 considering Zone V site location. The foundation soil below the antenna is considered homogeneous with shear wave velocity (Vs) of 100m/sec. A direct method of analysis considering soil-structure interaction as per ASCE 4-16 is performed. FEM software MSC NASTRAN is used for analysis. The absorbing boundary conditions are used to reflect radiation damping. The depth-wise stress variation in foundation soil is evaluated. The results of free vibration analysis, transient response analysis with fixed base and SSI are compared. 2022 the Author(s). -
Structural analysis of log periodic and monopole antennas considering cyclonic, interference effects
The Broadband High Frequency (HF) Transmit and Receive Antenna System are used as Surface Waveover the Horizon Radars (SWOTHR) for surveillance application. HF Transmit & Receive antenna systemconsists of transmit antenna and receive antenna array operating in HF band 2 to 30?MHz, which have tobe installed near sea shore. The antennas are of Monopole and Log periodic Dipole wire mesh antenna (LPDA). The height of Monopole and LPDA depends on wavelength ? of antenna. For HF band, the height range of receive is from 5 to 25m and transmit is from 10m to 100m. In this study, 10m high monopole for receive and 55m high 60m long Log periodic antenna for transmit are considered. Structural analysis and design of these antennas is critical due to installation at sea coasts. Based on the application, receive antennas are designed as array type consisting of 64 numbers monopoles as 32 doublet's and transmit antennas are 2 numbers of LPDA. If the same height structures installed side by side as an array, wind interference is caused by the obstruction caused by a structure in the path of wind. The antennas are installing on sea coast subjected to cyclonic storms. Dynamic effect of cyclonic and interference of wind is studied. Wind loads are calculated as per IS: 875 part 3:2015. Antennas are analyzed using FEM software STAAD Pro Advanced Connect Edition. Both antennas are analyzedfor self-weight, wind loads considering cyclonic and interference factors. Natural frequency of structure is determined using modal analysis to examine the problems of wind induced oscillations and dynamic effects of wind. 2023 Author(s). -
Leveraging Machine Learning: Advanced Algorithms for Soil Data Analysis and Feature Extraction in Arid and Semi-arid Regions with Expert Systems
India is culturally diverse nation at large. There are two words of symphony one is tradition and second one is inherited agriculture. India has long historical advantage having conventional agricultural practices and the scope for it to dive into day to day life as agriculturist. Happiness shrinks as people grow into modern world current trend of agriculture faces a monument challenge and needs immediate address to survive. Now withstanding with this phrase of human life on earth its necessary to give more importance to soil rather than the existence. Soil health is more paramount in this equation, as it directly influences crop growth and yield. Traditionally, analysing a few key soil properties has been the cornerstone of soil treatment practices. However, this approach often overlooks the complex interplay between various soil characteristics. To overcome the above hurdle present research incorporates the method of multivariate data analysis with selective advanced algorithms in machine learning to find suitability to predict best fit algorithm in real time data sets in arid and semi-arid zones of kolar district in Karnataka. The purpose is to draw the attention of stake holders to leveraging the new technology to deploying them into effective assessment in building expert system to incorporate in regular use on handy devices. This penetrates the results by two extremely good classifications algorithms Decision Tree and Gradient Boosting emerged as winner with 99% accuracy. In contrast, Passive Aggressive and Linear SVC produced below average of 36% accuracy. The ensemble algorithms of SMOTE on Random Forest and Stochastic Decent Gradient produced the acceptable accuracy of 83%. This input helped dynamically to build ready to use expert systems for farmers. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
PCRS: Personalized Course Recommender System Based on Hybrid Approach
The traditional system of selecting courses to carry out research work is time consuming, risky and a tedious task, that not only badly affect the performance but the learning experience of a researcher as well. Therefore, choosing appropriate courses in seminal years could help to do research in a better way. This Study presents a recommender system that will suggest and guide a learner in selecting the courses as per their requirement. The Hybrid methodology has been used along with ontology to retrieve useful information and make accurate recommendations. Such an approach may be helpful to learners to increase their performance and improve their satisfaction level as well. The proposed recommender systems would perform better by mitigating the weakness of basic individual recommender systems. 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. -
Embarrassment in the Context of Negative Emotions and Its Effects on Information Processing
Negative emotions are feelings of sadness arising out of negative evaluation of oneself by self or others. Embarrassment is characterized as a negative emotion which is experienced as a threat to ones social identity. This chapter discusses the differences between embarrassment and related negative emotions, namely shame, guilt and humiliation and its effects on information processing. Around 45 articles have been reviewed in the process, which were selected based on their relation to either negative emotions in general or specifically to one or more of them. The study uses the interactional (bio-psycho-social) approach to determine the antecedents and consequences of experiencing embarrassment and how it affects information processing. It further explores gender differences in the experience of negative emotions. Given that the existing evidence reveals many contradictory findings in the experience of negative emotions, this chapter conceptualizes certain factors that might influence this experience. It also provides some reasons for variations in experience of embarrassment and related negative emotions, on the basis of gender. This chapter concludes by proposing the complexity of embarrassment as an emotion and a conceptual framework of a continuum on which the experiences of embarrassment may lie and the factors determining the placement of these experiences with their cognitive implications. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Corrected Publication 2020. -
Role of medicinal plants against cancer
Cancer is a fatal disease where uncontrolled multiplication of cells occurs in the body. Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, and medications are some of the procedures for treating cancer infections, but they are expensive, and the cure is ineffective. Usage of plants for the treatment of cancer can be one of the effective processes as the phytochemical compounds in these plants have the potential of alleviating various malignancies that includes cancer. The phytochemical compounds found in the plants have the medicinal properties like anti-inflammation, apoptotic, anti-oxidative to treat various disease include the cancer. The following chapter will be about the Indian medicinal plants such as Carica papaya, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Morinda citrifolia, Azadirachta indica, Psidium guajava, and Annona reticulate, in treating the cancer and its future perspectives. 2024, IGI Global. -
Cybercrimes in the Associated World
Phrases that scarcely existed a decade ago are now a part of our day-to-day lifestyle, as criminals use malicious new technologies to commit cyber attacks against businesses, individuals, and governments. These crimes cause serious harm and impose real threats to victims worldwide either physically or virtually. There are no borders in cyberspace. Attacks can come from any place and at any time. Cybercrime can take many forms, but they all have a digital platform/environment in common. It can be done with both good and bad intentions. But, nowadays, the most common types of cybercrime activities such as phishing scams, identity theft, Internet frauds, online intellectual property or patent infringements, online harassment, and cyber stalking are sadly very widespread in todays associated world. Cyber bullying and online harassment activities spread casually in social media posts and comments or through direct messages and also via emails. The main motive of these messages is to threaten either an individual or a group. Such kinds of cybercrime activities are extremely damaging to the victims mental health. Government agencies working to investigate cybercrimes have reported multiple records of victims developing mental illnesses and even ending up committing suicide. On the other hand we have phishing scams, one of the widespread crime activities. Organizations have detected an increase in the ratio of phishing emails to professional emails from unknown or anonymous service providers appending fake attachments and invoices. These files and attachments may contain malicious payloads to scam people and to create a backdoor in that system, so the attacker can gain access to the system anytime and from anywhere without the victims knowledge. This has been considered as one of the major advantages for the attacker. Cybercrimes have not restricted to only these forms of criminal activities. A wide variety of new attacks have been created and have spread all over the world through commonly used platforms such as social media sites, blogs, and news portals. We are living in a digital world where all our activities are being monitored by someone, somewhere - even keystrokes are being monitored using keyloggers. Nothing seems to be secret and protected unless you are tech savvy. National agencies are keeping a close watch on all individual online activities to prevent illegal activities from happening. No longer the delete option is possible in this digital world; rather, only migration of data from one location to another or from a local server to a cloud server is possible. In our day-to-day lives, several new viruses and attack mechanisms are triggered by attackers by following very new tactics with the help of more complex algorithms. So, its time to advance our knowledge on protecting our valuable assets by spending time in learning and following proper online practices. 2024 selection and editorial matter, S. Vijayalakshmi, P. Durgadevi, Lija Jacob, Balamurugan Balusamy, and Parma Nand; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Modernization of Rural Electric Infrastructure
In the recent digital era, the energy sector in India is truly challenging. But some way or another digital technology has the potential to change the scenario of energy supply in industry. One of the important developments in this decade is the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This technology will help us to control smart software and optimize our decision-making and operations. We cannot ignore the need of energy to become sustainable after the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT). Smart grid technology in IoT is used to detect even minute changes in electricity supply and demand. These two technologies (AI and IOT) jointly provide us a magical tool to improve operational performance in the energy industry. In rural areas, there is a lack of electricity infrastructure supply and demand technologies. A large portion electricity supply is shifting from manufacturing industry to rural areas. They are using grid technology to transform electricity and the load is highly variable. From the demand side, lack of infrastructure and industrial equipment affect consumer devices. An increasing need for electricity in all aspects presents a significant challenge to utilization and cost efficiency. An important issue for the delivery of electricity to rural areas is the infrastructure and administrative policies and regulations. Power plants need to be constructed in rural areas to supply the electricity. This is the modernization of a rural electricity infrastructure. In modernization techniques, smart grid technology can be used to meet low carbon emission and cost-efficiency. It will be interconnected with the traditional grid architecture of electricity energy. Based on recent research, the smart grid should be robust and agile and it might dynamically optimize the grid operations, energy-efficient resources, and so on. Without affecting the nature of village environments, an alternate technology, such as the consumption of solar energy, can also be mutually considered in order to utilize renewable energy. In this chapter we focus on the comparison of traditional and modern technology used for the supply and demand of electricity in rural areas, issues on the implementation of modern technologies, research and development in modernization of electric power systems, and so on. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
Improved diabetes disease prediction IWFO model using machine learning algorithms
Diabetic disease is the mostly affected and massive disease on a global level. Diagnosing the diabetic earlier will help the medicalist to give the improved and latest clinical treatment. The healthcare specialist unit uses many machine learning techniques, methodologies and tools for decision making in diabetic field. The machine learning techniques are utilized for the prediction of the diabetic diseases in the initial level. To eliminate such issues, optimized detection techniques are proposed. First of all, the training samples are increased using the sliding window protocol. Further, class imbalanced training data classes are balanced and resolved using the adaptive and gradient booster technique. Further, the diabetic feature selection process is improved by the Intensity Weighted Firefly Optimization firefly techniques (IWFO), in which irrelevant features are reduced based on the correlation between the features that deducts the unwanted features involved in the diabetic disease process. Then the feature transformation problem is faced by the PCA technique, which manages the several types of features. Finally, the improved and optimal hybrid random forest is applied into the normal and diabetes classes respectively. The proposed system predicts the diabetic disease efficiently and maximizes its precision of the prediction system. The present paper is compared with different classifiers to determine the efficiency of the work. Overall, the initiated system improved the present studies accuracy level. 2024 Author(s). -
Word-of-Mouth Promotion: How to Attract Consistent Consumers as a Promoter for the B2C Model
The primary goal of this research article is to discover the consumers' behaviour while spending time on the e-commerce platform and to use the consumers who have positive Word-of-Mouth on the products to motivate them as promoters through positive Word of Mouth behaviour. The behavioural factors considered in this study are Relationship value, Trust value, Satisfaction level and Word of Mouth. The trial model includes the consumers who use an e-commerce platform for their online shopping in India. A proper questionnaire with four components was created and used to collect the sample data. Totally 300 responses have been received and analysed with the help of structured equation model and SPSS and AMOS software. The findings suggest that the 'Word of Mouth' technique can be used as a tool to increase the number of consumers in an online platform, particularly e-commerce. We investigated how Relationship Value and Trust Value can be used as key factors to motivate consumers' positive WoM behaviour. This research would be more beneficial to the B2C model. The research has done only for Indian e-commerce portals for survey. There is a scope to do research for the global level e-commerce market. Future study focuses on dynamic attributes for relationship values. This research work will help the researchers who is working on B2C model and consumer behavioural models. This model would be used for any online transactions-based services. As best of the knowledge of the authors' this study is the novel idea to understand the consumers' behaviour for purchasing items through the positive WoM. This work can be adopted for any e-commerce platform. 2024 IEEE.