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Determinants of audit fee-evidence from indian companies
Several studies have examined the factors influencing audit fees across the world, especially on the possible conflict of interest of auditor and client that may be affecting the quality of audit. The paper is about the trend in audit fee in the Indian setting, with the backdrop of two regulatory changes: mandatory auditor rotation and the implementation of Ind AS, the converged version of IFRS. Examining the determinants of audit fees, the paper categorized the explanatory variables into three attributes; auditee (size, risk, and complexity), auditor (auditor size, tenure, joint audit, and auditor rotation), and regulatory (mandatory auditor rotation and IFRS). The sample consisted of all non-financial companies listed on the National Stock Exchange for a period of 10 years from 20092018 resulting in 12,419 firm years. The paper deployed panel data regression with fixed effects with audit fee as the dependent variable. The key findings suggested that audit fee was positively associated with the size of the auditor and the auditee and the ratio of accounts receivable. The paper also indicated that with the tenure of the auditor, the fee tended to increase, and auditor rotation had a significant impact on the auditor's fee. The findings of the study will help the policymakers on the regulation around auditor engagements. 2021, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Determinants of balance of payments- Evidence from Indian and US /
International Journal of Management Studies, Vol.5, Issue 5, Part , pp.116-120, ISSN No: 2249-0302 -
Determinants of bank profitability in India: Applications of count data models
This paper employs count data models, namely Poisson and negative binomial regression to investigate whether macroeconomic factors increase or decrease the count of number of 18 Indian public sector banks in losses. The analysis is based on quarterly data from Q3 2009 to Q4 2019. This paper also considers one and two lagged macroeconomic factors. The results provide a new perspective for understanding the determinants of bank profitability. The contemporary, one and two lagged gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate and inflation increase the count of number of banks in losses. Further, the count of number of banks in losses surges with increase in contemporary and one lagged index of industrial production (IIP). However, one and two lagged exchange rates are significant to shrink the count of number of banks in losses. This study enables banks and policy makers to deliberate on the macroeconomic determinants considered for this study. 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Determinants of Banks' Profitability: An Empirical Study on Select Indian Public and Private Sector Banks
In this study the determinants of banking profitability has been studied based on the secondary data. The entire study is classified into two parts (i) Public Sector Banks and (ii) Private Sector Banks. Various variables such as NPA, Operating Profit, Credit Size, ROA, Operating Expense, Total Income, Capital etc. and their interrelationship is studied through correlation coefficients, regression analysis, anova etc. The research observes that a large number of independent factors are responsible in determining banking profitability and that in those determinants some create a significant effect on profitability but some factors do not create any significant effect. It is observed that though macroeconomic variables are not so important to determine the profitability of a bank but the GDP growth rate creates a significant effect on determining the profitability of a bank. According to the study based on facts and figures collected, private sector banks performance is better than public sector banks. Indian Institute of Finance. -
Determinants of Book Built IPO underpricingdifferential issue size and market momentum approach revisited
Pricing of an Initial public offering (IPO) is a complex phenomenon. Price anomalies are commonly observed in IPO markets, especially in emerging markets. Investors perceived underpricing creates undue market momentum during the offer period with an asymmetric effect across different issue sizes. This study examines the determinants of Book Built IPOs underpricing by considering a sample of 180 Book Built IPOs that went public in India between 2011 and 2020. The determinants were verified for differential issue size public offers. Listing day performance was measured using Listing Day-Absolute Return (LD-AR) and Listing Day-Market Adjusted Return (LD-MAR) models. Further, the data obtained was tested for the explanatory capabilities of firm-specific and market momentum factors for underpricing using OLS models. Concerning the differential issue size, the study found a direct relationship between the issue size and underpricing. Dominant underpricing was observed in the case of moderate to large issue size with a linear progressive return, confirming that there was over-optimism on the part of investors. The studys results also revealed that momentum-specific factors have a significant influence along with firm-specific factors such as firm size, cash flows, a subscription rate of QIBs and RIIs in the listing day return, and underpricing. 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Determinants of Charitable Giving of Employees in the Organized Sector: A Case Study in Bengaluru Urban District.
The study aims at identifying the determinants of charitable giving among working professionals who are into white collar jobs in the organized sector in Bengaluru urban district. The study also tries to understand the effect of Income and Non-Income factors that could affect decisions made by individuals towards charitable donations. The study captures charity donations in terms of money, time and gifts, based on its objectives; the focus is on monetary donations. Thus, based on the various available models based on demographic variables and attitudinal factors, the study has developed a comprehensive function that that includes both demographic and attitude related factors that could predict the charity behavior of an individual and in this case it is the working professional. The population includes all the white collar jobs and the sample size was 132 respondents. This includes both charity givers and non-givers. The sampling technique used was purposive random sampling and data was collected through questionnaire method and the questionnaire begins with an introductory question seeking if the respondent have made any donations in the last 12 months and based on their answer they are directed towards the three sections such as section A, B and C for those who said yes to the question and B and c for those who said no to the question. Section A is about the charity activities of the respondents, B is about the demographic details and C measures altruism, prestige, care and other attitude related factors using a 5 point Liker scale. Factor analysis was made used for the purpose of model testing. However, prior to the model testing, bi-variate and multi-variate exploratory analysis was done using cross tabulation in SPSS and python to understand the association between variables used in the study. To further clarify and conclude the relationship and strength of association between variables, Pearson???s Chi square was conducted. Based on these results most of the demographic variables seem to have positive relationship with charitable giving and few had partially negative relation with the incidence of giving. For example Gender, where being male have less chance of making charitable donations. Religion has no impact on the likelihood of making donations. viii Certain other variables such as age, education level and income have a positive relationship with charity giving. In other words as age, income, level of education are higher, the chances of making monetary donations increases. From the results of exploratory bi -variate analysis, certain variables were removed and were not part of factor analysis towards testing the model. The results of factor analysis shows that charitable giving (monetary) is the function of three factors namely benevolence, socioeconomic status and warm glow giving and thus it proves the model developed by the study. Thus the major determinants or predictors of charitable giving (monetary) are benevolent behaviour, socioeconomic status and warm glow giving. -
Determinants of consumer product return behavior with respect to online shopping of apparels
This research aims at finding the determinants of consumer product return newlinebehavior with respect to online shopping of apparel in Bangalore city. The study was administered to 600 respondents, and the response received was from 465 respondents. The convenience sampling method was used to collect samples across Bangalore city. Product return behavior was measured using a newlinefive-point Likert scale for 34 items. The literature review was conducted extensively, covering both Indian and international context. This research is designed to address the literature gaps. Many hypotheses were proposed in the thesis and were examined using structural equation modeling. The hypotheses were tested with the software newlineAMOS 25 and SPSS 25 to fulfill the research objectives. Confirmatory factor analysis was done on the data to confirm the instrument reliability and validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the constructs developed from the detailed literature review. ANOVA post hoc test was done to check the relationship among the demographic variables. Descriptive statistics were used newlineto interpret the data. With the help of structural equation modeling, the causal newlinerelationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables were identified. The study on the determinants of product return behavior has provided a lot of newlineinsights. Customer attitude has a significant and negative impact on product return behavior. The customers with a positive attitude towards online apparel purchases will be less likely to return products. The previous customer experience and their consumption pattern have a significant and negative impact on product return behavior. The customers with a bad experience with newlinebuying online apparel products, tend to return their products more. The perceived risk of online apparel purchases has a significant and positive impact on product return behavior. The customers with a high perceived risk of online apparel purchases will be more likely to return their products. -
Determinants of consumer product return behaviour with respect to online shopping of apparels
This research aims at finding the determinants of consumer product return behavior with respect to online shopping of apparel in Bangalore city. The study was administered to 600 respondents, and the response received was from 465respondents. The convenience sampling method was used to collect samples across Bangalore city. Product return behavior was measured using a five-point Likert scale for 34 items. -
Determinants of consumer retention strategies for telecom service industry in Central India
The telecommunication industry has witnessed a tremendous growth in recent times in India. It has not only been limited to voice calls, but also integrated into every aspect of human life. This has resulted in the rapid rise of market players, offering innovative products and services. In this changing scenario, we have tried to design and check a model of various factors such as loyalty, satisfaction and switching barriers (customer relationship management, alternative attractiveness and switching cost) influencing consumer retention strategies in Indian telecom service industry. A structured and undisguised questionnaire and a convenient sampling method have been used to collect the data from respondents from three most populous cities (Indore, Bhopal, and Ujjain) of Central India. Around 450 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 318 usable responses were received for final analysis. The instrument was checked for validity and reliability before the data was analyzed. The hypotheses were tested through Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) for direct effect, and Multiple Moderating Regression Analysis (MMRA) for moderating effect. The results suggested that loyalty, satisfaction, switching barriers and customer relationship management are positively related and have a direct influence on consumer retention, but the relationship with alternative attractiveness has been found weak. Switching cost, as moderating variable, was found to be very effective and showed significant deviation in the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Vinod Sharma, Sunny Joseph, Jeanne Poulose, 2018 -
Determinants of corporate dividend policy in India: A dynamic panel data analysis
The present study empirically examines the determinants of dividend policy of National Stock Exchange (NSE) listed firms in India, using dynamic panel data model for the sample of 95 NSE listed firms with continuous dividend payments from 2012/2013 to 2017/2018. The empirical results reveal that profitability, liquidity, leverage, risk, size of the firm and inflation are the major determinants of dividend policy of selected NSE listed firms in India. Findings deduced from empirical evidence bears testimony to the fact that profitability, liquidity, size of the firm and inflation have significant negative impact on dividend policy of the selected NSE firms covered by the study. These findings seem contradictory to the expected outcome contained in the existing literature on the Indian context. The risk variable tends to have negative and significant impact, which is line with the existing literature. Besides, the lagged dividend, investment opportunities, taxation and yield curve do not play significant role in determining the dividend policy. 2020 Allied Business Academies. -
DETERMINANTS OF CREDIT RISK: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS
Credit risk is a significant factor affecting the financial stability of banks. Keeping the credit risk under control is essential to maintain a banks cash flow. This paper examines the various profitability, microeconomic and macroeconomic indicators that affect a banks credit risk. The study uses the dataset of 31 banks from 2012 to 2021 and employs a panel data modelling approach to account for any variations in risk-taking behavior. The results revealed a statistically significant negative relationship between return on equity and credit risk when nonperforming loans proxy credit risk. This finding was consistent across fixed effect, random effect, and pooled OLS methods, at 1 percent significance (P value < 0.00), indicating that the extent of credit risk decreases as profitability increases. It was further found that bank age and ownership type positively affect a banks credit risk, while factors such as bank size and operational efficiency negatively affect credit risk when nonperforming loans proxy credit risk. Further, macroeconomic variables showed that gross domestic product is positively associated with credit risk, while inflation negatively affects credit risk. Overall, the findings of this paper demonstrated that credit risk is affected by both micro and macroeconomic factors. The paper also addresses significant policy implications as it helps various stakeholders to examine the determinants of credit risk, make credit decisions, and ultimately lower their credit risk. Tisa Maria Antony, Suresh G., 2023. -
Determinants of customer loyalty and retention : A Study of supermarket customers in Bangalore
Considering the ever dynamic lifestyle of the customers in Bangalore,the proposed study tried to find out the expectations and aspirations of supermarket customers in Bangalore.Most of the currently available studies are based on conceptual understanding and don t have an empirical backup. The proposed study is designed to determine the customer loyalty and retention of Supermarket Customers in Bangalore. newlineThe literature initiates an exhaustive discussion of various constructs leading to customer retention. Based on references from the literature constructs identified for customer retention are customer satisfaction, switching costs and customer loyalty and for customer loyalty the constructs identified are trust,commitment and customer satisfaction.For determining satisfaction the constructs identified in the proposed study are convenience of location, store atmosphere,promotion, customer relationship management practices and merchandise. Through extensive literature review,hypotheses were derived and the proposed conceptual model is developed. newlineObjectives of the proposed study are to empirically validate a model linking customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and customer retention with select antecedents. Research Methodology explains about the population spread from which the samples are collected, the justification for using the particular sampling technique and also about the tool employed for data collection. The techniques employed for checking the reliability and validity of the tool and pilot data analysis are also explained. Data collection was conducted using a structured questionnaire designed using Likert scale measurement. The pilot sample data consisted of 250 respondents.The questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS(v.20,software using Cronbach Alpha, Intra Class Correlation and Confirmatory factor analysis. newlineThe data collected from 600 respondents in Bengaluru city was used for the full fledged study. -
Determinants of employee eco-initiatives in Indian hotel industry
Results of a questionnaire survey completed by 402 respondents who were all employees of hotels that have adopted eco-friendly practices showed that eco-initiatives are significantly and positively correlated to conservatism, commitment to the cause of the environment, and monetary rewards and recognition; significantly and negatively correlated to self-transcendence and environmental training; and bear no significant relationship with environmental communication and self-enhancement. Future research should consider the role of guests in promoting employee eco-initiatives. Copyright 2019 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Determinants of Equity Share Prices in India: A Panel Data Approach
The Romanian Economic Journal, Vol-15 (46), pp. 205-228. ISSN-1454-4296 -
Determinants of Financial Development in Top and Bottom Remittances and FDI Inflows Recipient Developing RegionsHow Does Institutional Quality Matter?
In this paper, we empirically examine the effects of remittances inflows, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and institutional quality index on financial development index in the top (15 Europe and Central Asian countries) and bottom (29 Sub-Saharan African countries) remittances and FDI recipient developing regions using balanced panel data over the period 19842020. We used economic growth and government investment as control variables in the financial development function. The findings from the panel PMG-ARDL model indicate that inflows of remittances, FDI, and institutional quality stimulate (reduce) financial development in the top (bottom) region. This varying finding appears to be conditional on introducing institutional quality in financial development function as moderating factor. It finds that financial development is positively associated with remittance and FDI inflows in the presence of institutional quality as moderating channel for both the regions. Financial development is also significantly associated with economic growth in both regions. The mixed impact of domestic investment on financial development is found in both the regions. Our results are robust to the FGLS technique as an alternative econometric set-up. Interestingly, institutional quality reduces the weak effects of remittances and FDI inflows on financial development in the bottom region. Overall, our findings confirm the Mishkins (2009) economic globalization-led (i.e., remittances and FDI inflows) financial development hypothesis. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Determinants of Food Security in the Gulf Cooperation Council: A Cointegration Approach with an Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model
This paper examines the dynamics of the food import bill for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) during the period 1980 2019 using a co-integration approach of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The study ascertains that the food market in the GCC is highly dependent on imports, which makes it vulnerable to any import disruption. The model confirms that there is a long-term relationship between the food import bill and its dynamics, with an adjustment rate of 37%, indicating that 37% of the deviations from the long-run path are corrected annually. The study demonstrates that in the long run, the food import bill was positively influenced by Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, exports, inflation, global food prices, and regional instability and negatively influenced by the local production index. Population growth has a significant impact only in the short run. The implications of the findings were discussed, and a food security framework for the GCC has been developed. Engineered Science Publisher LLC 2023. -
Determinants of Hand Washing Practices among Adolescents in India Findings from CNNS Data, 2016-18
The study attempts to assess the effect of socioeconomic determinants on access to Good Handwashing Practices (GHP) among the adolescent population in India. The Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS), 2016-18 dataset is used to identify the predictor and outcome variable for the study. Binary logistic regression established the adolescents age and sex, mothers schooling, wealth index, and the region as a significant predictor for GHP. The study revealed that gender, age, caste, education, individual household wealth, and the region has a significant association with adolescent hand-washing practices, where economic conditions drive the individual practice of handwashing more than the behavioural aspect. It requires government intervention to improve sanitation and water facilities to accelerate hand-washing among adolescents in India. 2022 Tata Institute of Social Sciences. All rights reserved. -
Determinants of health system efficiency in middle-east countries-DEA and PLS-SEM model approach
This study presented a radically different approach to efficiency evaluation based on the impact of the Socioeconomic and Behavioral health determinants framework on health outcomes for the countries of Middle-East region. The level of education, employment, and the percentage of the population living in the rural area constitutes the socioeconomic framework. The prevalence of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption formed the behavioral framework. The model considers life expectancy at birth and mortality rate from non-communicable diseases as health outcomes. The econometric models of the PLS-SEM, the DEA, and the Malmquist TFP index are used to analyze the data. The DEA results highlight differences in the impact of socioeconomic and behavioral health determinants on health outcomes across the countries of the Middle-East region. Finally, evidence from the Malmquist TFP index shows an improvement in health production between the periods 20062017. Moreover, a substantial gap in efficiency is observed between economically prosperous countries and others who are less well-off. Furthermore, socioeconomic and behavioral frameworks positively impact life expectancy at birth. Similarly, the two frameworks have a negative impact on the mortality rate from chronic non-communicable diseases. A higher impact on health outcomes is observed in the socioeconomic as a behavioral framework in the model. The studys results have contributed to the policymakers, citizens, and the countrys government to compare the health system efficiencies across the middle-east region, which would help achieve the health outcome more efficiently. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Society for Reliability Engineering, Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM), India and The Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden 2023. -
Determinants of Internal Branding for Customer-Orientation
International Journal of Research in Commerce, IT & Management, Vol-4 (5), pp. 33-38. ISSN-2231-5756 -
Determinants of Loan Repayment Behaviour of Bank Borrowers - A Relative Study with evidence from Bengaluru
The present study aimed to review the various factorsthat influence the credit score and find the effect of credit score and other financial aspects of an individuals loan repayment and whether they had ever defaulted. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire from 516 customers of twelve different banks in Bengaluru city during July-August 2019 using a stratified sampling method. The results revealed that credit score, loan amount, and loan repayment amount did not affect the loan repayment behaviour of individuals. However, the type of loan obtained and the kind of bank the loan is received significantly influence individuals loan repayment behaviour. Home loans, education loans, other loans and the loan obtained from a foreign bank were particularly significant in affecting the loan repayment of individuals. The high beta value for other loans indicates that most individuals who have no other loans have defaulted in repaying their dues. Indian Institute of Finance.