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Development and Efficacy of Parenting Skill Training for Mothers of Adolescents in Kerala
The primary objective of this research is to develop and assess the effectiveness of an intervention program tailored for mothers of adolescents in Kerala to strengthen their parenting skills. The digital age and unique socio-cultural context present new challenges in child-rearing, and existing parenting programs fall short of addressing these evolving issues. The study employed a mixed-method framework with specific objectives to fill this research gap. The research unfolded in three phases. The initial stage encompassed comprehensive interviews with ten mothers and their adolescents, utilizing a constructionist model for thematic analysis. It unveiled five main and 22 sub-themes, shedding light on mothers' and adolescents' needs and challenges in Kerala. The second phase focused on designing an intervention module specifically suited to address the needs and challenges identified in the qualitative phase. The study used a pre-test, post-test, and experimental design with a control group for the third phase. The researcher used the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire, the Family Environmental Scale, and the Parental Satisfaction Scale to measure the efficacy of the training. The results presented significant improvements in parenting practices in the experimental group, particularly in positive parenting and mothers' involvement with their children. Corporal punishment and inconsistent discipline decreased, while family environment and parenting satisfaction increased. This study contributes substantially to the mental health field by offering an evidence-based program to assist mothers in navigating parenting challenges during adolescence. This intervention aims to improve family dynamics and adolescent well-being. It is a valuable resource for trainers seeking to facilitate behavioral changes within the target groups. -
Development and Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence-Based System for Pancreatic Cancer Detection and Diagnosis
Due to its aggressive nature and late-stage manifestation, pancreatic cancer is a difficult illness to find and diagnose. The creation of a pancreatic cancer detection and diagnosis system based on artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to increase early detection and improve treatment results. We have described the creation and assessment of an AI-based system in this paper that is intended for the identification of pancreatic cancer. A large dataset including a variety of medical pictures, including CT scans, MRI scans, and PET scans, as well as the related clinical information, was gathered for the study. With the help of the annotated dataset, a deep learning model built on convolutional neural networks was created. The proposed AI-based solution was then assessed using a separate test dataset made up of control cases and known pancreatic cancer patients. A significant effectiveness for the early diagnosis of the disease was shown by the systems excellent precision as well as sensitivity in identifying pancreatic tumors. The outcomes of this investigation demonstrate the promise of AI-based systems for pancreatic cancer detection and diagnosis. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF PNEUMFC NET: A NOVEL AUTOMATED LIGHTWEIGHT FULLY CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR PNEUMONIA DETECTION
The aim of this study is to address the challenges of pneumonia diagnosis under constraint resources and the need for quick decision making. We present the PneumFC Net, a novel architectural solution where our approach focuses on minimizing the number of trainable parameters by incorporating transition blocks that efficiently manage channel dimensions and reduce number of channels. In contrast to using fully connected layers, which disregard the spatial structure of feature maps and substantially increase parameter counts, we exclusively employ only convolutional layer approach. In the study, X-ray image dataset is used to train and evaluate the proposed Convolutional Neural Network model. By carefully designing the architecture, the model achieves a balance between parameters and accuracy while maintaining comparable performance to pre-trained models. The results demonstrate the model's effectiveness in detecting pneumonia images reliably. In addition, the study examines the decision-making process of the model using Grad-CAM, which helps to identify important aspects of radiographic images that contribute to the positive pneumonia prediction. Furthermore, the study shows that the proposed model, Pneum FC Net not only has the highest accuracy of 98%, but the total trainable model parameters is only 0.02% of the next best model VGG-16, thus establishing the potential of this new robust Deep Learning model. This research primarily addresses concerns related to mitigating significant computational requirements, with a specific focus on implementing lightweight networks. The contribution of this work involves the development of resource-efficient and scalable solution for pneumonia detection. 2024 Little Lion Scientific. All rights reserved. -
Development and evaluation of the bootstrap resampling technique based statistical prediction model for Covid-19 real time data : A data driven approach
The objective of the article is to develop earlyR package based novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) forecasting model. The reported COVID-19 serial interval data is applied for obtaining maximum likelihood value of the reproduction number (R0) using maximum likelihood approach and projections package is applied for getting trajectories of epidemic curve. The minimum, median, mean and maximum projected value of R0 with 95% confidence interval (CI) is obtained by using bootstrap resampling strategy and the predicted cumulative probable count of new cases is also presented with different quantile. To validate the results with real scenario, the past COVID-19 data is considered. The % error rate ranges from -7.91% to 21.27% for the developed model for the five Indian States. 2022 Taru Publications. -
Development and Exploratory Factor Analysis of a United States Version of the International Survey of School Counselors Activities
This manuscript details the development and exploratory factor analysis of a United States version of the International Survey of School Counselors Activities (ISSCA-US), a 42-item instrument that identifies activities of school counselors. Responses were collected from 390 US school counselors. Separate EFAs were conducted for two distinct sections of the survey involving appropriateness of role activities and their actually being undertaken, both resulting in reliable 6-factor models. 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Development and implementation of algorithm for image preprocessing and microorganism
The digital revolution has changed most aspects of modern life. Nowhere has the change been more fundamental than in the field of microscopy. Researchers who use the microscope in their investigations have been among the pioneers who applied digital processing techniques to images. Vision is most powerful of the five senses of human being. Digitized visual information provides high impact on the subject. Digital image processing is concerned with the extraction of useful information from images. Visual information from microscopic images of microorganisms is analyzed regularly. This has resulted in a need to understand and implement digital processing on microscopic images. The purpose of this thesis is to bring new digital image processing techniques for the noise removal of microscopic image of microorganisms. The digitized image processing includes image representation; improving image quality by removing noise; and enhancing the quality of microscopic images. -
Development and Implementation of Algorithm for Image Preprocessing of Microorganism
The digital revolution has changed most aspects of modern life. Nowhere has the change been more fundamental than in the field of microscopy. Researchers who use the microscope in their investigations have been newlineamong the pioneers who applied digital processing techniques to images. Vision is most powerful of the five senses of human being. Digitized visual information provides high impact on the subject. Digital image processing is concerned with the extraction of useful information from images. Visual newlineinformation from microscopic images of microorganisms is analyzed regularly. This has resulted in a need to understand and implement digital processing on microscopic images. The purpose of this thesis is to bring new digital image processing techniques for the noise removal of microscopic image of microorganisms. The digitized image processing includes image representation; improving image quality by removing noise; newlineand enhancing the quality of microscopic images. At the outset, the thesis elaborates on the concepts around microscopic images and their digital image processing. Various existing algorithms are studied for their efficacy. This thesis gives three different techniques of image processing based on the noise level in microscopic images. The thesis newlinedevelops the techniques of image processing through Simulation , which is well accepted tool in the field of engineering. MATLAB has been used in this study to simulate the image processing algorithms. The algorithms developed in the study will be helpful in everyday life through better analysis of microscopic images of microorganisms. The thesis is a contribution to the medical field with better analytical techniques. This research work overviews different image processing techniques used in the analysis of microscopic images and other type of images. After reviewing, use of microscopic imaging is presented. Special emphasis is on two types of noise called Gaussian noise and Impulsive noise is given. -
Development and Psychometric Validation of Teachers Receptivity to Change Scale
In this article, we report the development and psychometric validation of the Teachers Receptivity to Change Scale (TRCS). The sample included secondary school teachers of Kerala, India. In India, the teachers receptivity to change becomes important in the context of the newly drafted National Education Policy, (2020) which places teachers at the center of the reforms. The present study proceeded through five phases namely item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, validation of the scale, and testretest reliability. The development of the tool started with the generation of a pool of items followed by item analysis. The exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors and the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factors namely individual, organizational, educational, and bridging factors. The structural equation modelling established the four-correlated factor construct of teachers receptivity to change and an additive model indexing teachers receptivity to change as the sum of the four factors. Both the model fit indices indicated an excellent fit. The validity of the TRCS established by correlating the teachers receptivity to change and its factors with multidimensional work motivation scale and engaged teachers scale indicated a moderate correlation. The final 28 item TRCS showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbachs alpha = 0.897) and discriminant validity. The test re-test reliability analysis (Cronbachs alpha = 0.884) confirmed the temporal stability of the scale. The findings recommend a psychometric reliable and valid scale for assessing teachers receptivity to change with implications for teachers, researchers, and policy makers. De La Salle University 2023. -
Development and psychometric validation of the three dimensional grit scale
This manuscript reports the development and validation of the three-dimensional Grit Scale (3-D Grit Scale). The psychometric measure developed has three factors, Perseverance-Commitment (PC), Interest-Passion (IP), and Goal-directed Resilience (GR) through a series of five studies; study 1 (n = 409) for item analysis, study 2 (n = 334) for exploratory factor analysis, study 3 (n = 514) for confirmatory factor analysis and study 4 (n = 214) and 5 (n = 107) to assess the validity. The sample included students and working professionals aged between 18 and 25, residing in different parts of India. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale excellently fits in the three-correlated factor model and the two-level hierarchical model indexing grit as a total of three first-order factors. The final 17-item 3-D Grit Scale showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbachs ? = 0.86), and split-half reliability (Spearman-brown = 0.80, Guttman = 0.80). Validation studies showed that the scores of the 3-D Grit Scale were moderately correlated with (a) 12 item grit scale (Duckworth et al., 2007) and the brief resilience scale (smith et al., 2008), indicating good concurrent and convergent validities (b) conscientiousness revealing that both the constructs are mutually exclusive. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Development and standardization of a tool to measure direction, motive and affect of social comparison among adolescents
Social comparison process is a pervasive social phenomenon (Suls, Martin and Wheeler, 2002). People very often make a comparison with others either intentionally or unintentionally in their daily life. This phenomenon of perceiving self in one s social standing in comparison to others can influence different outcomes including self-concepts, self-esteem, and distinct feelings.This evaluative method provides useful information to generate accurate evaluation about one s abilities and opinion, especially on self-related dimensions. This concepts is very relevant to study in the adolescent population, as children s development of self is largely shaped by social environment experience with family and friends. Social comparison plays an important role in adolescents development of one self-concept especially self-esteem in important dimensions of self. Having outlined the relevance of social comparison theory in the context of this research, it is imperative to attempt this type of exploration and developing a concept based assessment tool to measure different facet of social comparison theory-direction, motive and affect. newlineThis study followed mixed design to better set the context through theoretical and empirical approach for the development for a new tool. In the initial phase, concept exploration was done through literature review to understand the conceptual framework of the approach, followed by qualitative exploration using interview method on 12 adolescents and 4 school counselors. This exploration let to the development of items based on eight dimensions of self, identified in this study. In the second phase, a pilot test was conducted on a sample of 237 adolescents and fulfilled the initial psychometric cleansing of the tool. In the third phase, the main test was administered to sample of 531 adolescents age between (12-16 years). The initial construct analysis was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and the scale satisfied the model fit hypothesis using structural equation model (SEM). -
Development and standardization of a tool to assess spirituality in families for family based interventions /
The aim of the study was to develop and standardize a tool for family spiritual assessment. The sample consisted of 1502 Indian participants which included members from three religious backgrounds namely: Christianity, Hinduism and Islam. The data collected through face-to-face interview was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), t-test and ANOVA. A five-item Likert-type tool developed was named as Family Spiritual Assessment Scale (FSAS) through a process of item development. -
Development and standardiztion of a tool to assess spirituality in families for family based interventions
The aim of the study was to develop and standardize a tool for family spiritual assessment. The sample consisted of 1502 Indian participants which included members from three religious backgrounds namely: Christianity, Hinduism and Islam. The data collected through face-to-face interview was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), t-test and ANOVA. A five-item Likert-type tool developed was named as Family Spiritual Assessment Scale (FSAS) through a process of item development. EFA revealed that the 26-item tool with 5-factor solution had an excellent internal consistency of and#945;= .816. Religious factor, Spiritual factor, Mental health factor I (Positive emotions), Mental health factor II (Forgiveness) and Mental health factor III (Negative emotions) are the five important factors of the scale. Gender differences were found in the Spiritual factor, Mental Health, and Total newlinescore of the Scale, where females had higher scores than males. Post-hoc analysis newline(Bonferroni) revealed that total scores of all the three religions differed significantly. The results provide a sound foundation for the future research on spirituality. Family Spiritual newlineAssessment Scale, being the first in India, can be very beneficial to mental health newlineprofessionals and practitioners. -
Development and validation of a multi-dimensional scale to measure the factors influencing fintech firms capacity to impact digital financial inclusion
The purpose of the present study is to develop a multi-item scale to measure the factors that affect fintech firms capacity to impact digital financial inclusion. Fintech, or financial service delivery supported by advanced technology, has tremendously changed the financial services landscape. It has a potential to improve digital financial inclusion and help the poor. Digital financial inclusion is important since it ensures cost-saving digital mechanisms to provide financial services to the financially excluded and underserved populations. Following an inductive method, a qualitative study was undertaken among managerial staff in fintech firms. The scale development process involved the collection of primary data for pre-testing the questionnaire. The study identified four factors that affect a fintech firms capability of impacting digital financial inclusion: resources and capabilities, business models, networks and partnerships, and market and environment. Digital financial inclusion scale is composed of digital skills, access, and quality of access. The final scale consisted of sixty-four items. Though financial inclusion is usually measured from a demand-side perspective, this study provides a supply-side measure for digital financial inclusion. Thus, it can help in identifying and understanding the factors that may hamper fintech firms capability to attain desirable outcomes with respect to digital financial inclusion. 2024 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. -
Development and validation of an intimate relationship security scale
Relationships form an integral part of our lives, a key function being attachment. While newlineromantic relationships have mainly been studied with attachment theories as the basis,collectivistic cultures like India emphasize on togetherness more than individualism. To understand and measure security in any intimate relationship, a tool was developed, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods. An initial thematic analysis helped develop a basic model of relationship security that guided item generation. Items were developed to help newlinemeasure the newly operationalized construct, using stakeholders, literature review and social media. 520 participants, including both, marital and pre-marital and 7 experts, helped cut down the 206 item pool to (in the first phase of data collection) to 84 items. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted the second time on a sample of 486 participants that further narrowed down the scale to 58 items. The final confirmatory factor analysis, using SPSS AMOS, involved data collected from 408 participants. Validity, Reliability analysis and norms were developed for the final scale of 43 items. -
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Development and validation of analytical methods for the determination of anti-fungal drug in active pharmaceutical ingredient and other dosage forms
A simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of fluconazole drug, in pure form and in the available dosage forms. The method (A) is based on ion-pair formation between the fluconazole and Mo(V)-thiocyanate inorganic complex in the acidic medium and method (B) is based on ion-pair formation between the fluconazole and Co(II)-tetrathiocyanate inorganic complex in the acidic medium. For method (A), the formed coloured ion-pair is extracted with dichloromethane and absorbance is measured quantitatively with maximum absorption at 470nm. The molar absorptivity and Sandells sensitivity of the coloured species are 0.38x104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 0.8 ng cm-2 respectively. Beers law is obeyed between 4.0 -50.0 ?g mL-1 of fluconazole concentration. For method (B) the formed coloured ion-pair is extracted by using a mixture of (3.5:6.5) n-butanol : dichloromethane and the absorbance is measured quantitatively with maximum absorption at 620nm. The molar absorptivity and Sandells sensitivity of the coloured species are 0.268x104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 0.114 ng cm-2 respectively. Beers law is obeyed between 5.5.0-80 ?g mL-1 of fluconazole concentration. The first order derivative spectrophotometric method is also proposed for the determination of fluconazole in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed methods are successfully applied for the assay of the fluconazole drug in different dosage forms without any interference from common excipients. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by the official pharmacopeial method. Keywords: Spectrophotometry, fluconazole, ion-pair complex, pharmaceutical preparation, molybdenum thiocyanate, cobalt thiocyanate. -
Development and Validation of Emotion Recognition Software in the Indian Population
Though written extensively, recent debates on universality of emotions have shown that age, gender, and ethnicity have greater implications in the ability to identify expressions from faces. Facial emotion recognition deficits have been consistently shown in psychiatric conditions, which necessitates the need to construct a culturally sensitive tool. Fourteen actors depicted emotions such as happy, sad, anger, fear, surprise, disgust, and neutrality. From a total of 126 images, participants rated in terms of intensity and accuracy. Final software was developed with 28 images, and mean accuracy and reaction time were obtained. Friedmans significance test revealed a significant effect of emotion on its different dimensions. This study helped establish a culturally sensitive emotion recognition tool with the Indian population, which can be used in mental health settings for screening purposes and aid in developing rehabilitation modules. 2020, National Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India. -
Development and validation of gaming disorder and hazardous gaming scale (GDHGS) based on the WHO framework (ICD-11 criteria) of disordered gaming
This study aimed to develop and validate a brief psychometric scale for gaming disorder and hazardous gaming based on the WHO framework as defined in the ICD-11. The study was carried out among college students using face to face interview. A panel of mental health experts examined the face validity of the new Gaming Disorder and Hazardous Gaming Scale (GDHGS). An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using the principle component analysis (PCA) method with direct oblimin rotation on the five items of GDHGS was used for assessment of construct validity. The results of Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) measure used for sampling adequacy and Bartlett's test (BT) of sphericity used to show the appropriateness of using factor analysis, confirmed the appropriateness of EFA for the present study sample. The factor analysis extracted single component with an eigenvalue of greater than one, which was further supported by the examination of scree plot. To examine the criterion related validity of the GDHGS, correlation between GDHGS and IGDS-SF scores was assessed. Spearman correlational analysis showed strong positive correlation of GDGHS score with IGDS-SF score (rs = 0.878, p < 0.01). Further, the sum of first four item score of GDHGS among participants diagnosed with GD (median: 15.00; IQR: 15.0015.75) was significantly greater than those without GD (median: 4.00; IQR: 3.006.50) according to the diagnostic interview based on the ICD-11 criteria (U = 0.000, p < 0.001). The internal consistency of GDHGS as measured by the Cronbach's alpha was 0.914. Further, the GDHGS did not have its reliability increased by removal of any of the five items included in the scale. Also, the threshold for significant floor and ceiling effect was not reached. In conclusion, GDHGS is a valid measurement scale for disorders involving gaming behaviour based on the ICD- 11 construct. 2020 Elsevier B.V. -
Development and validation of middle school under performers checklist in India through virtual platforms post-COVID-19
Education is a holistic development that must be nurtured through hybrid or virtual educational practices. The pandemic brought a sense of psychosocial distress among teenagers that urged the need to understand these psychosocial competencies. Often, our Indian education system is unable to assess the challenging psychosocial competencies of learners in varied learning platforms. Hence, there is a need in todays context to harness adolescents holistic learning to be more flexible, and interactive with innovative instructional methodologies, creative assessment strategies, and virtual resource tools. These psychosocial open learning resources need to be advocated by educators and counsellors for the well-being of teenagers. Thus, this quantitative study aimed to develop a checklist to identify the psychosocial concerns of underperformers in an open learning system. Hence, educators and counsellors must be equipped to recognise their psychosocial concerns to handhold them into becoming autonomous thinkers and contributors in their society. This would further establish the seed of sustainability. Thus, this study aimed to develop and validate a checklist as a psychometric measure to identify middle school underperformers social and personal abilities. The study group comprised 359 school educators and counsellors in Bangalore and Mashed, India (299 educators and 60 counsellors). The checklist was developed using Develop (2016) and Oldenburgs principles of scale development (2021). The Cranach coefficient of the checklist was.924 for 12 items. The statistical results indicated the validation of the checklist as a tool for identifying psychosocial challenges of eighth-grade underperformers as reliable. Exploratory Factor Analysis reduced these items into two distinctive factors. The findings suggest that the checklist can be used as an innovative educational toolkit to identify middle school underperformers personal and social abilities. Further experimentation of this study can be taken up with a larger intergenerational population. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Asma Parveen and Rajesh Verma; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Development and validation of multi-dimensional scale of grit
Positive psychology nurtures the potent qualities of individuals and aids them in carving a niche for themselves. Based on this theoretical foundation, a non-cognitive trait-like grit plays an imperative role in attaining high achievement. Previous studies have identified three dimensions of grit: perseverance of effort, consistency of interest and adaptability to situations. Recent research has criticized the dimension consistency of interest in a collectivist context. The present study provides an account of grit in view of eastern perspectives to check the suitability of the construct in India. Current findings provide a framework for the development and validation of Multi-Dimensional Scale of Grit reveals four dimensions of grit, namely, adaptability to situation, perseverance of effort, spirited initiative and steadfastness in adverse situations. It also provides an insight regarding the duration of goal attainment with respect to grit. The research conducted over three studies included Indian university students to develop and examine the psychometric properties of grit. Study 1 focused on item analysis and development of the factor structure through exploratory factor analysis. Study 2 confirmed the previously obtained factor structure through confirmatory factor analysis. In study 3, the psychometric properties of the scale were measured through test-retest reliability and validity, criterion, convergent and divergent. Results indicated that Multi-Dimensional Scale of Grit is a reliable and valid measure. It also indicated that the obtained 12 items and four dimensions were in synchronization with the relevant eastern perspective. 2021 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.