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FSDA: Framework for Secure Data Aggregation in wireless sensor network for enhancing key management
An effective key management plays a crucial role in imposing a resilient security technique in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). After reviewing the existing approaches of key management, it is confirmed that existing approachs does not offer good coverage on all potential security breaches in WSN. With WSN being essential part of Internet-of-Things (IoT), the existing approaches of key management can definitely not address such security breaches. Therefore, this paper introduces a Framework for Secure Data Aggregation (FSDA) that hybridizes the public key encryption mechanism in order to obtain a novel key management system. The proposed system does not target any specific attacks but is widely applicable for both internal and external attacks in WSN owing to its design principle. The study outcome exhibits that proposed FSDA offers highly reduced computational burden, minimal delay, less energy consumption, and higher data transmission perforance in contrast to frequency used encryption schemes in WSN. Copyright 2018 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Fuel coke derived nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped porous graphene structures for high-performance supercapacitors: The trail towards a brown-to-green transition
As the looming crisis of global energy market exponentially intensifies, the scientific community prompts the use of supercapacitors as a sustainable energy production/storage model and emission reduction strategy. Therefore, in this work, we present a cutting-edge approach for the high-value utilization of fossil fuel-derived materials in supercapacitor applications, promoting an integrated brown-to-green transition for energy, ecology, and the environment. Herein, nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped porous graphene sheets (a-NPGO) have been prepared from fuel coke, which exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance as a supercapacitor electrode material. The a-NPGO shows a high specific capacitance (322 F/g at 1 A/g) almost 11 times greater than the undoped coke-based graphene derivative. Furthermore, the symmetric supercapacitor assembled with a-NPGO-modified electrodes delivered an exceptional power density of 812 W/kg at energy density of 14 Wh/kg and an excellent capacitance retention of 90 % after 5000 charge-discharge cycles. This impression of coke-derived material in high-performance supercapacitors may broaden the horizon of the current electrochemical energy storage paradigm and afford the eco-conscious implementation of fossil fuel resources. 2023 Elsevier Ltd -
Fueling a greener tomorrow: The impact of energy diversification on green growth
Motivated by the necessity of attaining carbon neutrality and striking a balance between clean and conventional energy sources, the emphasis is on how urgent it is to combat climate change and make the switch to sustainable energy systems. In this context, the currentstudy aims to examine the effects of energy diversification on green growth, considering such complementary factors as green technology, human capital, remittance inflows, foreign direct investment inflows, trade openness, and gross fixed capital formation. An empirical analysis is conducted by framing a green growth function in the panel data framework which is analyzed using the dynamic standard correlated model for the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) for the period between 1995 and 2020. The results show that (i) energy diversification exerts a dampening effect on the trajectory of green growth, (ii) the process of green growth was affected due to green technology and foreign direct investment inflows, (iii) underscores the pivotal role of human capital and gross fixed capital formation in bolstering the green growth trajectory, (iv) despite their potential relevance, remittance inflows and trade openness exhibit negligible impact within the framework of the green growth function, thus underscoring their limited contribution to the overarching sustainable development. The practical policy recommendations and invaluable insights provided by these empirical findings are instrumental in fostering green growth among the BRICS countries. Moreover, it contributes to the discourse on sustainable development by providing a solid foothold for informing the development of relevant policies in similar situations around the world. 2024 United Nations. -
Full Reference Image Quality Assessment (FR-IQA) of Pre-processed Structural Magnetic Resonance Images
Deep learning-based Artificial Intelligence algorithms have surpassed human-level performance in many fields including medicine. Specifically in diagnosis using radiology images, deep neural networks empowered AI to excel by educating intricate nonlinear relationships which is a core part of the complicated radiology problems. However, these models require a massive amount of quality data for training. The accuracy of the deep learning model is based on the amount of training data and the quality of the trained data being fed. So, preprocessing the data from different capturing devices is inevitable. This study aimed to highlight some of the image quality metrics that can be used to quantify the efficiency of the chosen preprocessing pipeline. By quantifying the result of each preprocess step, the user can choose an optimal set of preprocesses that can greatly improve the image quality, leading to a high and accurate diagnosis through a deep learning model. Thus, this study detailed how the full reference image quality metrics can be used to validate the performance of sMRI preprocess tasks. 2024 IEEE. -
Full Swing Logic Based Full Adder for Low Power Applications
During the design of Application-Specific Integrated Circuits, a whole adder logic circuit plays a significant role. The full adder is a fundamental part of the majority of VLSI and DSP applications. Power consumption in full adders is one of the key factors; hence it is necessary to build full adders with low power consumption. Full adders are developed in this work employing full swing AND, OR, and XOR gates and compared with pass transistor logic (PTL) based AND, OR, and XOR gates, and complementary metal oxide semiconductor logic (CMOS) based AND gate, OR gate, and XOR gate. The Mentor Graphics Tool is used to construct and simulate every planned circuit. After receiving simulation data, we compared the power consumption, delay and PDP of several complete adder-based logic designs. In the proposed full swing XOR, the power dissipation and delay is decreased by 10.5% and 9.8% respectively and hence the full swing full adder PDP is decreased by 0.6%. As compared to alternative full adder designs based on logic, full swing by using gates like AND gate, by using the OR gate, and with the help XOR gate, full adder design consumes less power and hence suitable for low power applications. 2024, ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. -
Fullerenes in the circumstellar medium of Herbig Ae/Be stars: insights from the Spitzer mid-infrared spectral catalog
This study presents the largest mid-infrared spectral catalogue of Herbig Ae/Be stars to date, containing the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectra of 126 stars. Based on the catalogue analysis, two prominent infrared vibrational modes of C60 bands at 17.4 and 18.9 ?m are detected in the spectra of nine sources, while 7.0 ?m feature is identified in the spectra of HD 319896. The spectral index analysis and the comparison of the known sources with C60 features indicated that there exist two different types of emission classes among the sample of stars. The infrared spectra of six Herbig Ae/Be stars in this study resemble that of reflection nebulae, and their association with previously known reflection nebulae is confirmed. In the case of three Herbig Ae/Be stars, we report the tentative evidence of C60 emission features originating from the circumstellar disc or nearby diffused emission region. The detection fraction of C60 in the total HAeBe star sample is ?7 per cent, whereas the detection fraction is 30 per cent for HAeBe stars associated with nebulosity. In the catalog, C60 is exclusively present in the circumstellar regions of B type Herbig Ae/Be stars, with no evidence of its presence detected in stars with later spectral types. The present study has increased the number of young stellar objects and reflection nebulae detected with C60 multifold, which can help in understanding the excitation and formation pathway of the species. 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Fully automatic commercial line vehicle assembly line system /
Patent Number: 202241007000, Applicant: Dr. M. Srinivasnaik.
An assembly line control system, and more specifically, an automotive assembly line storage and lot control system, is shown off in this paper. A communications network is put on top of a manufacturing line. The assembly line has a lot of readers and processing stations that help workers figure out and confirm the identities of the cars that pass by. They also check the cars' build instructions, status, position, condition, defect and repair history, and more. It's in a computer database, and it's easy to find. -
Fully automatic commercial line vehicle assembly line system /
Patent Number: 202241007000, Applicant: Dr. M. Srinivasnaik.
An assembly line control system, and more specifically, an automotive assembly line storage and lot control system, is shown off in this paper. A communications network is put on top of a manufacturing line. The assembly line has a lot of readers and processing stations that help workers figure out and confirm the identities of the cars that pass by. They also check the cars' build instructions, status, position, condition, defect and repair history, and more. It's in a computer database, and it's easy to find. -
Fully homomorphic encryption with matrix based digital signature standard
In this work, a novel mechanism is considered for Asymmetric mode encrypting data. A generator matrix is used to generate a field with a large prime number. The generator matrix, prime number and ternary vector are used as global variables. Those global variables are used to calculate public key and sub keys. Using the Global Variables and Private key, a Digital signature algorithm is proposed which supports the feature like Authenticity of users. The mechanism can also be used in Homomorphic Encryption where computations to be carried out on cipher text and generate an encrypted result which, when decrypted, matches the result of operations performed on the plaintext. 2017 Taru Publications. -
Functional carbon nanoparticles modified poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanocomposites with enhanced dielectric and antibacterial properties
The importance of nanocomposites with tailored properties is growing due to their applications in various fields. In the present study, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and functionalized carbon nanoparticles (f-CNPs) are synthesized by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization and pyrolysis methods, respectively. The f-CNPs-PEDOT nanocomposites are prepared by varying the concentration of PEDOT (i.e., 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 wt%), and the thermal stability, dielectric properties and antibacterial activities of f-CNPs-PEDOT nanocomposites were evaluated. The dielectric studies indicated that the addition of PEDOT has enhanced the dielectric properties due to interfacial polarization effect, whereas decreased the thermal stability due to degradation of PEDOT in the nanocomposite, however, it is higher than the pure PEDOT. The antimicrobial potential of synthesized f-CNPs-PEDOT nanocomposites was studied against two different bacterial strains, namely Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. The findings of this research have potential to open new opportunities for employing f-CNPs-PEDOT nanocomposites in physical sciences and antimicrobial applications. 2024 The Authors -
Functional characterization of Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) interferon regulatory factor 9 involved in antiviral response
IRF9 is a crucial component in the JAK-STAT pathway. IRF9 interacts with STAT1 and STAT2 to form IFN-I-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) in response to type I IFN stimulation, which promotes ISG transcription. However, the mechanism by which IFN signaling regulates Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) IRF9 is still elusive. Here, we explored the nd tissue-specific mRNA distribution of the MgIRF9 gene, as well as its antiviral function in E. malabaricus. MgIRF9 encodes a protein of 438 amino acids with an open reading frame of 1317 base pairs. MgIRF9 mRNA was detected in all tissues of a healthy M. grouper, with the highest concentrations in the muscle, gills, and brain. It was significantly up-regulated by nervous necrosis virus infection and poly (I:C) stimulation. The gel mobility shift test demonstrated a high-affinity association between MgIRF9 and the promoter of zfIFN in vitro. In GK cells, grouper recombinant IFN-treated samples showed a significant response in ISGs and exhibited antiviral function. Subsequently, overexpression of MgIRF9 resulted in a considerable increase in IFN and ISGs mRNA expression (ADAR1, ADAR1-Like, and ADAR2). Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that MgIRF9 and STAT2 can interact in vivo. According to the findings, M. grouper IRF9 may play a role in how IFN signaling induces ISG gene expression in grouper species. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Functional Foods: Exploring the Health Benefits of Bioactive Compounds from Plant and Animal Sources
"Let food be the medicine"(Hippocrates) is a historic quote that became the basis of food science and nutraceuticals. Due to their possible therapeutic advantages, extracts from food have attracted much interest in the medical community. These extracts are abundant in bioactive compounds, which are natural molecules that may be found in various foods and have been demonstrated to affect health positively. Food components have lots of bioactive components, including primary and secondary metabolites and nutritional components, for example, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids. This study's primary focus is on the make-up and purpose of these bioactive components found in food extracts. This review aims to give readers a thorough grasp of the bioactive substances found in food extracts and their possible physiological uses. These bioactive substances' functional traits, such as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, and neuroprotective actions, are also studied. Further research is required to create new functional foods, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements with specific health advantages that can benefit from understanding these molecules' structure and function. 2023 Versha Dixit et al. -
Functional response, host stage preference and development of Rhynocoris fuscipes (Fab.) (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) for two cotton pests
Considering the indispensable role of reduviid predators in ecofriendly pest management programme, the relationship between a predatory reduviid, Rhynocoris fuscipes, and three prey species viz., red cotton bug Dysdercus koenigii Fab. (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae), cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and rice flour moth Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were scrutinized and studied to determine the influence of host species on biology, host stage preference and biological control efficiency under laboratory conditions. Rhynocoris fuscipes completed nymphal stage in 41 days when feeding on C. cephalonica, 45 on D. koenigii, and 50 days on P. solenopsis. Adult longevity, fecundity and egg viability were higher in C. cephalonica fed category and the lowest on P. solenopsis. Life table parameters were in favor of C. cephalonica. Third instars of D. koenigii were favored by third and fourth instars of the predator. Fifth instars and adults of the predator had chosen fourth and fifth instars of D. koenigii, respectively. All instars of predator preyed on adults of P. solenopsis. It is observed that the reduviid responded to increased D. koenigii and P. solenopsis density with type II functional response. Positive interactions distinctly imply that there is a salutary effect on the pest as well. 2021, Crop Protection Research Centre. All rights reserved. -
Functionalities and Approaches of Multi-cloud Environment
Cloud computing is a paradigm that envisions fast access to any resources from anywhere at any time with the most significant advantages of enabling an intuitive environment that offers plethora of services to mankind. The exponential increase in technological advances has been an advantage for the growth of cloud computing. The advancement in technology has enabled the shift in organizations from using a single cloud toward multi-cloud strategy. Multi-cloud uses multiple services from various cloud vendors which has been advantageous in several ways. Multi-cloud strategy has been designed to enable a hybrid mode for the organizations with ample security and savings in cost. This chapter gives an overview of multi-cloud computing and the security issues with respect to cloud computing. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
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Fungal endophytic species Fusarium annulatum and Fusarium solani : Identification, molecular characterization, and study of plant growth promotion properties
Research on endophytic fungi has gained significant interest due to their potential to enhance plant growth directly by producing phytohormones, solubilizing macronutrients, fixing nitrogen, or indirectly inhibiting phytopathogens growth by producing ammonia, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, or extracellular enzymes, thereby acting as biocontrol agents. The present study aimed to isolate fungal endophytes from Alternanthera philoxeroides and evaluate their plant growth promotion and antimicrobial activity. In total, nine fungal endophytic strains were isolated from different parts of A. philoxeroides such as leaves, roots, and stems. The results demonstrate that the strains MEFAphS1 and MEFAphR3 exhibited positive plant growth promotion properties, including phosphate solubilization, and IAA (Indoleacetic acid) production, and ammonia production. The IAA production was highest for MEFAphS1, with a concentration of 46.6351.04 g/mL, while MEFAphR3 displayed the highest ammonia production (0.9030.01 g/ mL). The phosphate solubilization index (PSI) is the maximum for MEFAphS1 (1.50.10). MEFAphS1 also exhibited antibacterial activity against Vibrio vulnificus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and V. parahaemolyticus, with the most substantial inhibition zone observed against V. vulnificus (281 mm). In contrast, MEFAphR3 showed an inhibition zone of 81.53 mm against V. parahaemolyticus. Molecular identification revealed the identity of the isolates MEFAphS1 and MEFAphR3 as Fusarium solani and F. annulatum. These results thus confirm the possible applications of the fungal endophytes as plant biofertilizers and bio-enhancers to increase crop productivity. Copyright: The Author(s). -
Fungal Mushrooms: A Natural Compound With Therapeutic Applications
Fungi are extremely diverse in terms of morphology, ecology, metabolism, and phylogeny. Approximately, 130 medicinal activities like antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, radical scavenging, cardioprotective and antiviral actions are assumed to be produced by the various varieties of medicinal mushrooms. The polysaccharides, present in mushrooms like ?-glucans, micronutrients, antioxidants like glycoproteins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and ergosterols can help establish natural resistance against infections and toxins. Clinical trials have been performed on mushrooms like Agaricus blazei Murrill Kyowa for their anticancer effect, A. blazei Murrill for its antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects, and some other mushrooms had also been evaluated for their neurological effects. The human evaluation dose studies had been also performed and the toxicity dose was evaluated from the literature for number of mushrooms. All the mushrooms were found to be safe at a dose of 2000mg/kg but some with mild side effects. The safety and therapeutic effectiveness of the fungal mushrooms had shifted the interest of biotechnologists toward fungal nanobiotechnology as the drug delivery system due to the vast advantages of nanotechnology systems. In complement to the vital nutritional significance of medicinal mushrooms, numerous species have been identified as sources of bioactive chemicals. Moreover, there are unanswered queries regarding its safety, efficacy, critical issues that affect the future mushroom medicine development, that could jeopardize its usage in the twenty-first century. Copyright 2022 Chugh, Mittal, MP, Arora, Bhattacharya, Chopra, Cavalu and Gautam. -
Fungal-based synthesis to generate nanoparticles for nanobioremediation
Nanotechnology has gained immense popularity with its innumerable biological agents, which are replacing toxic chemicals with an advanced technique for reducing and stabilizing nanoparticles (NPs). Fungal nanotechnology has represented exceptional technique in this area, owing to its nontoxicity, eco-friendly nature for fungal NPs, and nanostructure synthesis by reducing enzymes using either intracellular or extracellular techniques. Further, ease lies in the scale up-and downstream process owing to the increased surface area of the mycelial cells. Fungi and yeast are highly potential secretors of extracellular enzyme, grow fast, and are simple to maintain. Biogenic fungal NPs have been applied in the field of industry, agriculture, medicine, and other sectors too, and are used as bioremediators, drug delivery, biosensors, MRI, medical imaging, cancer therapy, etc. Mycoremediation can serve as a facilitator in bioremediating the toxins by immobilizing or inducing the synthesis of enzymes. Fungal NPs have shown an effective and efficient clean-up of the environment from the chemical pollutants and heavy metals, reducing total time consumption and total cost reduction. Fungal species of A. flavus and T. harzianum have shown promising crude oil degrading abilities with silver NPs at a very low concentration. Other fungal species used as resources for metal NPs that have been useful as bioremediators include Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Verticillium. The Author(s), 2023. All rights reserved. -
Fungi-Templated Silver Nanoparticle Composite: Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Applications
The self-assembly of nanoparticles on living bio-templates is a promising synthetic methodology adopted for synthesizing nano/microstructures with high efficiency. Therefore, the method of bio-templating offers various advantages in controlling the geometries of nano/microstructures, thereby increasing the efficiency of the synthesized material towards various functional applications. Herein, we utilized a filamentous fungus (Sclerotium rolfsii) as a soft bio-template to generate silver nanoparticle (AgNP) microtubules adhering to the fungal hyphae. The resulting composite combines the unique properties of silver nanoparticles with the biological activity of the fungi. The 3D fungal hyphaesilver nanoparticle (FH-AgNP) composite was characterized using SEM, elemental analysis, and the X-ray diffraction technique. Additionally, to highlight the functional application of the synthesized composite, dye degradation studies of methylene blue under visible light was effectuated, and a percentage degradation of 67.86% was obtained within 60 min, which highlights the potent catalytic activity of FH-AgNPs in dye degradation. Further, the antibacterial study of the composite was carried out against the bacterium Escherichia coli, and it was found that 200 ?g of the composite exhibited maximum antibacterial properties against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Overall, fungi-templated silver nanoparticle composites are a promising area of research due to their combination of biological activity and unique physical and chemical properties. 2023 by the authors. -
Furaldehyde-based magnetic supported palladium nanoparticles as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reaction
A novel palladium functionalised magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe3O4@SiO2-FA-Pd) was prepared using silica-coated iron oxide and furaldehyde Schiff base as a supported material. FT-IR, VSM, TEM, FESEM, XPS, EDAX and TGA were used to analyse the morphological structure and chemical composition of Fe3O4@SiO2-FA-Pd NPs. Thus, the prepared Fe3O4@SiO2-FA-Pd NPs as a magnetic nanocatalyst were used in the Mizoroki-Heck reaction of arylbromide and terminal alkenes, exhibiting effective catalysis with good yields. The magnetic nanocatalyst can be reused up to 6 times without significantly losing catalytic activity and is easily separable from the reaction mixture. This new catalytic system has significant and potentially useful applications in the pharmaceutical industry. 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.