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Explanations for anomalies in semi strong from of efficient market hypithesis
The tradition notion of efficient market described in the academic literature is quite strong and probably is unrealistic because of following factors: short selling, short covering, fresh buying and profit booking. After all, science is just a human idea about phenomena which can change over time. In real markets, traders can cause markets to be inefficient. According to verifiability newlinetheory of meaning, most of statements are meaningless such as prices reflect earning .in order to make a statement meaningful that statements have to be tested with all ideas related to it. Researcher is testing EMH under various conditions to make meaningful. In this study, researcher is testing so called semi strong under market condition and firm size which is based upon market capitalization. National stock exchange provides classification of companies based newlineupon market capitalization. This is an event study to study stock return to earning newlineannouncements in recession and post recession periods. In other words, testing so called semi strong under market conditions and firm size of market capitalization such as large cap, mid cap and small cap. Researcher uses AARs, CAARS and T-test to study the impact of earning announcements on stock returns. Result of this study shows its onerous to accept semi strong so Fama received the Nobel prize in economics for what? -
Explaining the intention to uptake COVID-19 vaccination using the behavioral and social drivers of vaccination (BeSD) model
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed a tool to measure behavioral and social drivers (BeSD) of vaccination uptake intentions of people across all countries. This study tests BeSD model to predict people's intentions to uptake COVID-19 vaccination in rural India. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was developed for the purpose based on the components of the BeSD model, i.e., confidence, motivation, and behavioral intention. A convenient sampling technique was used to collect samples, amounting to a total of 625, from rural Bengaluru, in the Karnataka state of India. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to examine the proposed model. All respondents for the survey were in the age category of 1868 years with a mean age of 35 years. Findings: The results showed that 85% of COVID-19 vaccine uptake intentions can directly or indirectly be attributed to the government's vaccine communication strategy, perceived threats about the vaccine, and their trust in the healthcare sector. The dimensions of the vaccine acceptance scale (motivation factors) act as a mediator between these factors and COVID-19 vaccination uptake (the behavioral factor). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the BeSD framework is an efficient model for predicting the COVID-19 vaccination uptake in India. 2022 The Authors -
Explaining Autism Diagnosis Model Through Local Interpretability Techniques - A Post-hoc Approach
In this era of machine learning and deep learning algorithms dominating the Artificial Intelligence (AI) world, the trustworthiness of these black box models is still questionable. Life-caring sectors like healthcare and banking make use of these black box models as assistance in critical decision-making processes, but the degree of reliability of these decisions is still uncertain. This is because these black box models will not reveal the causation of the predicted outcome. However, creating an interpretable model that can explain the internal workings of these black box models can provide some reliable insights and trustable justifications for the predicted outcome. This study aimed to create an interpretable model for autism diagnosis which can give some trustable explanations for its predicted outcome. Using local interpretability methods such as LIME, SHAP, and Anchors the predicted outcome for each instance is explained well with some standard visual representations. As a result, this study developed an interpretable autism diagnosis model with an accuracy rate of 91.37% and with good local model explanations. 2023 IEEE. -
Explainable IoT Forensics: Investigation on Digital Evidence
This research examines the relevance of digital forensics in the field of Internet of Things and describes how different forensics tools and software are used to investigate cybercrimes. It emphasizes the importance of IoT Forensics and how it's used to tackle cybercrimes. It also discusses on the challenges faced by IoT forensics and gives an insight into the recent advancements in the field. It gives a walkthrough about how digital forensics investigation is done in 'data stolen' or 'data deleted' scenario. An outline of research potential and problems in IoT forensics is given in this chapter. The main details of IoT forensics are described. In all stages of a forensic investigation, issues linked to IoT are highlighted along with the potential that IoT presents for forensics. An illustration of an IoT forensics case is given with appropriate analytics. A brief research overview is provided, with information on the important research directions and a review of relevant articles. Future research proposals are included in the chapter's conclusion. 2023 IEEE. -
Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Frameworks for Ensuring the Trustworthiness
The growing computer power and ubiquity of big data are allowing Artificial Intelligence (AI) to gain widespread adoption and applicability in a wide range of sectors. The absence of an explanation for the conclusions made by today's AI algorithms is a significant disadvantage in crucial decision-making systems. For example, existing black-box AI systems are vulnerable to bias and adversarial assaults, which can taint the learning and inference processes. Explainable AI (XAI) is a recent trend in AI algorithms that gives explanations for their AI conclusions. Many contemporary AI systems have been shown to be vulnerable to undetectable assaults, biased against underrepresented groups, and deficient in user privacy protection. These flaws damage the user experience and undermine people's faith in all AI systems. This study proposes a systematic way to tie the social science notions of trust to the technology employed in AI-based services and products. 2024 IEEE. -
Explainable AI Method for Cyber bullying Detection
People of all ages and genders are using social media platforms to engage themselves in all sorts of activities. People create profiles on online social networks in order to communicate with one another in this virtual environment. Hundreds or thousands of friends and followers are split across many profiles. Along with the virtual communication in this social media life, cyber-crimes also creep in many distinguished forms to grab user's information and emotionally degrade them with harassment and arrogant behavior. A set of machine learning methods are proposed and used to detect such a bullying behavior. Along with the detection of such an act, the model should also provide the logical reasoning of the evidence extracted. The explain ability of the models classification will give us a view of the way towards portraying a suspect as a bullier. This paper illustrates a machine learning model that works on a twitter data set to suggest the tweets as category bullying or non-bullying. LIME a tool to predict the interpretability of the model is used to depict the performance of model and provides explainability. 2022 IEEE. -
Experimenting with scalability of floodlight controller in software defined networks
Software Defined Network is the booming area of research in the domain of networking. With growing number of devices connecting to the global village of internet, it becomes inevitable to adapt to any new technology before testing its scalability in presence of dynamic circumstances. While a lot of research is going on to provide solution to overcome the limitations of the traditional network, it gives a call to research community to test the applicability and caliber to withstand the fault tolerance of the provided solution in the form of SDN Controllers. Out of existing multiple controllers providing the SDN functionalities to the network, one of the stellar controllers is Floodlight Controller. This paper is a contribution towards performance evaluation of scalability of the Floodlight Controller by implementing multiple scenarios experimented on the simulation tool of Mininet, Floodlight Controller and iPerf. Floodlight Controller is tested in the simulation environment by observing throughput and latency parameters of the controller and checked its performance in dynamic networking conditions over Mesh topology by exponentially increasing the number of nodes. 2017 IEEE. -
Experimenting with scalability of Beacon controller in software defined network
In traditional network, a developer cannot develop software programs to control the behavior of the network switches due to closed vendor specific configuration scripts. In order to bring out innovations and to make the switches programmable a new network architecture must be developed. This led to a new concept of Software Defined Networking(SDN). In Software defined networking architecture, the control plane is detached from the data plane of a switch. The controller is implemented using the control plane which takes the heavy lift of all the requests of the network. Few of the controllers used in SDN are Floodlight, Ryu, Beacon, Open Daylight etc. In this paper, authors are evaluating the performance of Beacon controller using scalability parameter on network emulation tool Mininet and IPERF. The experiments are performed on multiple scenarios of topology size range from 50 to 1000 nodes and further analyzing the controller performance. BEIESP. -
Experimenting with resilience and scalability of wifi mininet on small to large SDN networks
Today everything is getting digitized where people want to be wireless by all aspects. There is a high demand of WiFi in every sector. Highest influence on network planning of newly developed network infrastructure is of SDN to meet the futuristic needs of upcoming technology. As a result, newly developed networks have become more adaptive to dynamic circumstances along with enhanced flexibility. Being globally connected, it is inevitable to obtain adequate services from data centers through Wi-Fi support on SDN Networks, which is still a dream. Thus, the target of the experiment performed and presented by the authors of this paper is to implement WiFi support on SDN. Further, authors have also demonstrated the scalability and resilience of SDN based WiFi Network on Mininet by testing performance parameters in various dynamic scenarios. This paper will have a high impact on the end users as SDN technology can be implemented as last mile technology using WiFi SDN. BEIESP. -
Experimenting with ONOS scalability on software defined network
In traditional network, a developer cannot change the configuration of a router with software programs to control the behavior of the network switches due to closed vendor specific configuration scripts. In order to make the routers/switches programmable, a new architecture of network has to be developed and this gave rise to Software defined networks. It is the new architecture for Computer Networks in which, the old traditional architecture is slowly depreciated. It is very difficult to adapt new technology especially to decide upon which controller has to be considered and what may be its scalability to compete the dynamic circumstances of networks. Many researches are working on possible solutions and look upon SDN to overcome the traditional network limitations. There are many SDN controllers existing amongst them, some are OpenDaylight, Floodlight, Onos, Ryu, Beacon etc. From the existing multiple controllers serving the SDN services to the network, Onos is one of the Controller. ONOS can be deployed on Docker container and it is accessed using its IP as a host. In this paper, authors are contributing for the evaluation of the Performance to check the Scalability of ONOS controller by taking many scenarios which are experimented on the simulation tool of Mininet, Onos Controller, Docker and iPerf. ONOS Controller?s simulated environments are observed for its throughput evaluated in dynamic conditions of a network over Mesh topology by gradually increasing the number of hosts until its supported by the system with optimum resource utilization. 2018, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc.. All rights reserved. -
Experimental Verification of Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement of Fractal Contoured Metamaterial Inspired Antenna
The performance of any antenna cannot be completely assessed purely on the basis of simulation results. All simulations are made by assuming an ideal environment where the fabrication tolerances and practical losses are not accounted for. Therefore, evidencing the performance experimentally becomes a crucial step. In this work, the experimental validation of a fractal contoured square microstrip antenna with four ring metamaterial structure, hereon referred to as optimized metamaterial inspired square fractal antenna has been presented. It is an extension to previously designed antenna and aims to experimentally verify the enhanced gain and bandwidth of this antenna. The design and simulation of the proposed antenna was accomplished by using Ansys HFSS v18.2. The end-to-end antenna spread area is 23 mm x 23 mm on a 46 mm x 28 mm x 1.6 mm FR4 substrate with ?r of 4.4. The simulated design was fabricated using Nvis 72 Prototyping Machine and measured in an anechoic chamber facility using vector network analyzer. The antenna resonates with the deepest S11 of-39.5 dB in a broad bandwidth of 2.53 GHz from 2.265 GHz to 4.79 GHz with experimental verification. The proposed antenna provides an enhanced gain of 8.81 dB at the most popularly used frequency of 2.5 GHz. The simulation and experimental results of resonance, gain and radiation pattern are found to agree maximally. The fractional bandwidth offered by this proposed antenna is 72.28%. The experimental validation confirms enhanced gain-bandwidth performance in a wide resonance band. Hence, this antenna is well recommended for wireless, energy harvesting rectenna and sub-6 GHz (2.5 GHz to 4.20 GHz) 5G applications. 2022, Advanced Electromagnetics. All rights reserved. -
Experimental study of solar dryer used for drying chilly and ginger
Open air solar drying is one of the most popular methods for drying food products holds many drawbacks resulting in contamination of food products. This project is to transform the traditional method to an innovative, clean and cost-effective method to dry chilly and ginger, two being the top export commodity of India. Here a solar dryer is made which comprised of flat plate air heater, a chamber for drying and an air blower which induces forced convection. This system enhances the drying process even at low-intensity sunlight by assimilating heat storage materials. The equipment was tested in the meteorologicalcondition of the faculty of engineering, Christ (Deemed to be University) (latitude of 12.86N, a longitude of 77.43E) Bangalore, Karnataka. The process has reduced the moisture content from around 72.69% to 28.24% in the case of chilly and from 68.88% to 14.31% in the case of ginger within a period of 10 hours for a mass flow rate of 0.051kg/s. Average drier efficiency was estimated to be about 22%. The specific moisture extraction rate was estimated to be about 0.76 kg/kWh. This process resulted in a better moisture extraction rate, eliminating the defects caused by open sun drying. This process resulted in a better moisture extraction rate, eliminating the defects caused by open sun drying. 2019 Author(s). -
Experimental study of response parameters during machining of Inconel 718 with cryogenically treated ceramic round tool using cutting fluid
Highly advanced superalloys are being rapidly spreading throughout the globe. It's in need of the hour to produce similar materials which are being used in several industries similar as petrochemical, biomechanical, aerospace and marine industries. Inconel 718 is one similar superalloy which is being used due to its better characteristic features like high attrition resistance, high temperature burden conditions, thermal fatigue resistance, and cryogenic temperatures. Owing to the hardness conditions, tools indicate the low tool life and high wear characteristics. Ceramic insert is one such tool that is being used to machine Inconel 718 which is cryogenically treated to improve tool life. The use of emulsified cutting fluid reduces tool wear and improve durability of the tool, thereby improving the efficiency of the machining of Inconel 718. In this paper, experimental investigation has been carried to find the use of emulsified cutting fluid that improves the machinability of Inconel 718 based on parameters such as surface roughness and tool wear under the effect of cutting parameters which are cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Experimental scrutinization on production of biogas from vegetable and animal waste
Anaerobic fermentation is a highly promising technology for converting biomass waste into methane, which may directly be used as an energy source. The objective of this research was to investigate production rate of biogas from camel dung, chicken dropping and vegetable waste. Attempts have been made in this study to optimize various parameters in order to determine the most favorable conditions for maximum biogas production from three different types of wastes such as camel dung (CAD), chicken droppings (CHD) and vegetable waste (VW). The amount of biogas produced from the wastes is compared as: VW >CHD>CAD. The results showed that biogas produced from VW is 720 ml in 32 days as compared to CHD and CAD which are 600 ml in 36 days and 80 ml in 40 days respectively. The effect of the pH and temperature on the amount of biogas produced was also studied. The experiments were conducted in temperatures ranging from 36 C to 44 C. 2023 Author(s). -
Experimental Investigations on Turbine-Generator Shaft Under Subsynchronous Resonance
Energy exchange takes place between turbine and generator in the power system during subsynchronous resonance (SSR) which leads to torsional interaction between the shafts. Resonance in the power system is caused by the series capacitors connected to the transmission line. This paper aims to present an electromechanical approach to analyse and interpret subsynchronous resonance using the Finite element method. Subsynchronous resonance is introduced in two test rigs consisting of turbine, generator, shaft, and coupler with capacitors. Experiments and simulations (torque analysis and frequency response analysis) are conducted in test rigs and ANSYS workbench 16.0. Moreover, a spring damper is modelled to improve the stability of the shaft. From the results, it is clear that mechanical stress is increased when capacitors are connected to the test rig. A spring damper is installed at the point where the deformation is high. The damper reduced the stress and the vibration. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Experimental Investigations on the Thermal Diffusion Characteristics and Photoluminescence in Multiphase Micro Fluids Containing ZnO Micro Tubes and Fluorescein Dye
Abstract: Scattering of light by disordered structures is normally detrimental to their applicability in many optoelectronic devices. However, some micro and nanostructures are useful in enhancing several optical and thermal properties like emission, heat diffusion etc. For this purpose, we have optimized the low temperature hydrothermal growth method for the ZnO micro tubes which leads to the growth of ZnO as mono dispersed micro tubes. Further, these samples were used to enhance the fluorescence efficiency of disordered media consisting of micro tubes of ZnO and fluorescein dye and to optimize the thermal diffusion of the mixture which will help us optimize the composition of these microscopic inclusions in designing a random lasing medium. Dual beam thermal lens method was used for this purpose. 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. -
Experimental Investigations on Static, Dynamic, and Morphological Characteristics of Bamboo Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Composites
The use of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites has increased over a period of time, majorly due to the ecosustainability and biodegradability of the composites. Among several grades of natural fibers, bamboo fibers offer numerous environmental and cost benefits and possess excellent mechanical characteristics. The superior properties of the bamboo fibers have triggered the research interests in the domain of bamboo fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Among the polymers, polyesters are long chain molecules made up of atoms arranged in various ways with other elements to form the basic building blocks of a polymeric chain. Polyester is being increasingly employed in today's industrial products due to its inherent advantages. As a result, based on the potential properties of bamboo fibers as reinforcing materials and polyester resin as matrix material, the biocomposites are synthesized by hand lay-up technique and the specimens cut as per the standard dimensions and subjected to mechanical investigations, vibration, and morphological characterization as per the ASTM test methods. The increase in fiber weight content has enhanced flexural, tensile, and impact characteristics and improved the damping characteristics of the composite specimens. The microstructural evaluations have revealed the uniform distribution of the bamboo fibers in the resin, and the morphological studies of the fractured specimens have revealed that the fracture is majorly due to the matrix cracks rather than the fiber debonding, which is a major attribute ascertaining the strong coherent strengthening mechanism brought about by the inclusion of bamboo fiber in the polyester resin. 2022 N. Santhosh et al. -
Experimental Investigations on Erosion-Corrosion Characteristics of HVOF-Sprayed WC-10% Ni Coatings Deposited on Aluminum Alloy
The current work investigates the erosion-corrosion behaviour of thermally sprayed tungsten carbide-10% nickel (WC-10% Ni) coatings placed on the AA6061 aluminum alloy. The AA6061 aluminum alloy was coated with tungsten carbide -10% nickel coatings utilising a high-velocityoxy-fuel (HVOF) spray method. The microstructure and hardness of thermally sprayed coatings were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a Vickers hardness tester. The slurry erosion-corrosion wear tests were carried out by varying the parameters of the slurry erosion process, such as testing time, slurry content, slurry speed, and impinging particle size, on the erosion testing equipment. The data demonstrated that when slurry concentration, slurry speed, and impinging particle size increased, so did the slurry erosion-corrosion wear loss. The wear processes of uncoated and thermally sprayed tungsten carbide -10% nickel have been examined using SEM and a 3-D confocal microscope. Copyright 2023 G. S. Pradeep Kumar et al. -
Experimental investigation on the effect of varying percentage of E-waste particulate filler in GFRP composite laminates
The advent of newer technology increases the electrical and electronic devices into the market in a rapid phase, thereby causing the previous generation gadgets to become obsolete, in spite of the gadgets being in good working condition. This is one of the main causes for the increase of E-waste. In the past two years itself the e-waste has gone up by 8% with respect to weight globally. An attempt is made to utilize the e-waste in a productive manner as a filler material and study its characteristics when subjected to different mechanical tests. This paper describes the fabrication and mechanical characteristics of new polymer composites consisting of E-glass fiber reinforcement along with filler material. Study of composites play a very important role in material science, metallurgy, chemistry, solid mechanics and engineering applications. The specimens were fabricated with the help of hand layup technique followed by vacuum bagging process. Mechanical tests viz., tensile test, Flexural test, and Shore D test has been performed. Samples were made of three different compositions of E-waste filler particulate, 5%, 10% and 15%. These tests have been conducted to find out the impact of varying percentage of filler material on the composite laminates. With the increase in the percentage of e-waste filler, there is a reduction in the tensile strength of the laminate, while the flexural strength of the laminates increased with increase in the filler material. The laminate with 5% filler material exhibited higher hardness than the other two samples. 2019 Elsevier Ltd.