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Hunter Prey Optimization for Optimal Allocation of Photovoltaic Units in Radial Distribution System for Real Power Loss and Voltage Stability Optimization
Renewable Energy (RE) based Distribution Generation (DG), is a widely accepted eco-friendly alternative to conventional energy production. On the basic note, a DG is used to provide a part of or all of a customers real power demand and/or as a standby supply, and of all various existing types of DG technologies, Photovoltaic (PV) type distribution generation is considered for the study. The location of distributed generation is defined as the installation and operation of electric power generation modules connected directly to the distribution network or the network on the customer side of the meter, hence signifying the optimal location and size of the DGs used. This paper proposes a new algorithm of Hunter-Prey Optimization (HPO) to determine the optimal allocation of PV integration in the radial distribution systems (RDS). HPO is a new population-based algorithm inspired by the hunting behavior of a carnivore. The optimal sizing and siting of the PVs are determined by the proposed algorithm of HPO and are tested in MATLABR2021b on standard IEEE-33 and 69 test bus systems. On the basic of comparative study with literature, HPO is performed efficiently for solving multi-variable complex optimization problem. Also, the performance of RDSs is significantly improved with optimal PV allocations. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Dynamic Performance Analysis of D-STATCOMs for Mitigating Charging Station Impacts in Photovoltaic Distribution Systems Using Enhanced HunterPrey Optimization
This study investigates the dynamic operational performance and optimal allocation of Distribution Static Compensators (D-STATCOMs) in PVEV integrated distribution systems to mitigate the impacts of voltage fluctuations, increased power losses, and reactive power imbalances. An Enhanced HunterPrey Optimization (EHPO) algorithm is proposed in the study, incorporating chaotic initialization, adaptive parameter control, and Cauchy's mutation exploration strategy to improve global search capability and convergence reliability. The proposed method is validated on the IEEE 33, 69, and 118-bus distribution test systems under varying PV generation and EV charging demand scenarios. Results show that the EHPO-based D-STATCOM placement significantly reduces active power losses and enhances voltage stability. The findings highlight the effectiveness of combining advanced metaheuristic optimization with custom power devices to ensure the resilient, reliable, and sustainable operation of future EVPVdominated distribution networks. 2026, TUBITAK. All rights reserved. -
Performance Analysis of Distribution Network Under EV Penetration with Different Types of Load Models
Electric Vehicles (EVs), the booming technology in the transport sector, are the eco-friendly solution for existing environmental issues like global warming. In this scenario, analyzing the variation in power flow and voltage profile at certain nodal junctions in a distribution system when an Electric Vehicle has been connected as a load is considered in this paper. The voltage stability analysis on a distribution system with an Electric Vehicle as a load and the other types of loads has been studied. The results provide that the parameters of total active power loss, total reactive power, minimum Voltage at the node, and the voltage stability index vary indefinitely. The load flow analysis is performed using the Backward/Forward Sweep (BFS) method on the IEEE-85 test system taking various loads such as constant power, residential, commercial, industrial, and composite types with Electric Vehicles load. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Beyond apologies: A systematic review of forgiveness in different relationship contexts
Forgiveness is a vital psychological process that contributes significantly to an individuals emotional well-being, fostering personal growth, reducing stress, and alleviating negative emotions. Beyond the individual, forgiveness also positively influences communities by promoting harmony, reducing conflict, and strengthening social bonds, thereby enhancing collective mental health and relational stability. This paper aims to examine how forgiveness has been explored within various interpersonal contexts, including marriage, peer interactions, familial bonds, workplace relationships, and among dating couples. A comprehensive search across ten databases yielded 37 articles that met the inclusion criteria. These studies utilized four primary methodologies: quantitative approaches (surveys, interventions, experiments), qualitative approaches (case studies and interviews), longitudinal designs and mixed method designs. Findings indicate that fostering forgiveness significantly enhances relational health and interpersonal dynamics, alongside improvements in physical, mental and spiritual well-being. The systematic review highlights how forgiveness processes and interventions vary by relationship context, shaped by unique relational dynamics and cultural factors. However, more experimental and intervention based research is necessary to establish evidence based forgiveness practices, tailored to specific relationship dynamics. The promotion and study of forgiveness should be furthered to reinforce its multifaceted benefits across diverse interpersonal relationships. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
A Pre-trained YOLO-v5 model and an Image Subtraction Approach for Printed Circuit Board Defect Detection
Almost every electronic product used regularly contains printed circuit boards, which in addition to being used for business purposes are also used for security applications. Manual visual inspection of anomalies and faults in circuit boards during manufacture and usage is extremely challenging. Due to a shortage of training data and the uncertainty of new abnormalities, identifying undiscovered flaws continues to be complicated. The YOLO-v5 technique on a customized PCB dataset is used in the study to incorporate computer vision to detect six potential PCB defects. The algorithm is designed to be feasible, deliver precise findings, and operate at a considerable pace to be effective. A technique of image subtraction is also implemented to detect flaws in printed circuit boards. The structural similarity index, a perception-based method, gauges how similar non-defective and defective PCB images are to one another. 2023 IEEE. -
Extraction of Web News from Web Pages Using a Ternary Tree Approach
The spread of information available in the World Wide Web, it appears that the pursuit of quality data is effortless and simple but it has been a significant matter of concern. Various extractors, wrappers systems with advanced techniques have been studied that retrieves the desired data from a collection of web pages. In this paper we propose a method for extracting the news content from multiple news web sites considering the occurrence of similar pattern in their representation such as date, place and the content of the news that overcomes the cost and space constraint observed in previous studies which work on single web document at a time. The method is an unsupervised web extraction technique which builds a pattern representing the structure of the pages using the extraction rules learned from the web pages by creating a ternary tree which expands when a series of common tags are found in the web pages. The pattern can then be used to extract news from other new web pages. The analysis and the results on real time web sites validate the effectiveness of our approach. 2015 IEEE. -
Engineering applications of artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved rapidly over the past few decades, permeating various aspects of our lives and transforming industries. This chapter explores the emerging applications of AI across diverse fields, including healthcare, finance, transportation, education, and entertainment. In healthcare, AI is revolutionizing diagnostics, drug discovery, personalized medicine, and patient care. In finance, AI-powered algorithms are enhancing trading strategies, risk assessment, fraud detection, and customer service. The transportation sector is witnessing advancements in autonomous vehicles, traffic management, and logistics optimization through AI technologies. AI is also reshaping education with adaptive learning platforms, personalized tutoring, and educational analytics. Moreover, in the entertainment industry, AI is driving content creation, recommendation systems, and virtual experiences. Despite the remarkable progress, challenges such as ethical concerns, bias mitigation, data privacy, and regulatory frameworks need to be addressed for the responsible deployment of AI. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
In Vitro Production of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Cell Culture
Secondary metabolites (SMs) are bioactive compounds widely used in various industries as pharmaceutical agents and food additives and serve as precursor substances for the synthesis of commercially important products. These natural bioactive metabolites are quickly replacing chemicals as efficient coloring, flavoring, texturizing, and preservative agents. Productions of these SMs are hampered due to physiological and technological parameters. Although SMs do not have any significant role in the growth and development of the organisms where they are found, they have commercial importance. Humankind has harnessed its application in every walk of their life. In the medical field, SMs are used as antibiotics, antifungal, antiviral, metabolic inhibitors, anticancer agents, and many more. The biological and pharmacological benefits of medicinal plants are attributed to SM produced by subsidiary pathways that are highly specific to target molecules. Most pharmaceuticals are either directly or indirectly derived from plant sources. Production of SMs from field plants suffers from various limitations like seasonal production, choosing specific plant organs for specific metabolites, low yield, cost of purification, and seasonal variations. Biotechnological approaches such as plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures are the best alternative methods for commercial production. The current chapter focuses on establishment of plant cell culture system for the production of SMs, strategies to improve biomass yield and metabolite content, and biosynthetic pathways. The chapter also emphasizes elicitation strategies, application of CRISPR Cas9 in metabolite synthesis, large-scale production, and commercial aspects of SMs. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
In Vitro Production of Tocopherols
Tocopherols are an essential dietary nutrient for mammals and photosynthetic products produced by green plants. Tocopherols commonly referred to as vitamin E exist in four forms (?-, ?-, ?-, and ?-tocopherol). Synthetic ?-tocopherol is a mixture of eight racemic forms and is less effective than natural tocopherol, thus the demand for plant-derived tocopherols is high. Tocopherols are lipophilic antioxidant and extensively used as therapeutic agents such as anti-inflammatory, anti-infection, anticancer, immune-stimulant, and nephro-protectant. They are also used as food additives and nutraceuticals. Plant cell and tissue culture is one of the promising techniques for mass production of tocopherols to meet the commercial demand. Optimizing physical and chemical factors for in vitro culture system has resulted in better accumulation of the product. Moreover, using bioreactors, precursor feeding, elicitation, biotransformation, and metabolic engineering approaches have resulted in enhanced yield of tocopherols from in vitro cultures. The present chapter deals with various important aspects of tocopherol in vitro production such as biosynthesis of tocopherol with special emphasis on key enzymes involved in the pathway whose modulation in expression can increase the yield of the product. Topics discussed include production of tocopherol from callus, cell and organ culture, metabolic engineering for mass production, different methods employed for extraction and quantification of tocopherols, and their biological activities and commercial applications. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Bio-Decolorization and Degradation of Reactive Blue 222 by a Novel Isolate Kucoria marina CU2005
In this study, a novel bacterial strain, Kucoria marina CU2005, was isolated and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing from an industrial wastewater sludge sample capable of degrading Reactive Blue 222 (RB222) dye. Batch mode bio stimulation studies were performed with minimal salt media to optimize key physiological parameters for effective decolorization of RB222. When cultured at 35 C and pH 7 under static conditions, this bacterium decolorized 82 percent of the dye after 24 hours. Decolorization was monitored using UV-vis spectrophotometry. Isolates ability to decolorize the complex dye was attributed to its degradation potential rather than a passive surface adsorption. FTIR, HPLC, GC-MS studies were used to confirm microbial dye metabolism. The results indicated breakdown of dye upon decolorization as some peaks were shifted and generation of aromatic amine for monosubstituted benzene ring as intermediates of dye degradation in decolorized solutions. This study has shown the potential of Kucoria marina CU2005 to decolorize RB222 dye at a better pace and efficiency than previously reported bacterial strains. Thus, we propose that our isolated strain can be utilized as a potential dye decolorizer in environmental biotechnology as effluent treatment for decolorization of RB 222. 2023, Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy. All rights reserved. -
Sustainable biodegradation of textile dye reactive blue 222 by the novel strain Enterobacter CU2004, isolated from the industrial waste: A design of experiment based optimization study and characterisation of metabolites
Reactive Blue 222 (RB222) is widely used in textile industries and hence a common recalcitrant pollutant in the industrial effluent. Bioremediation of this dye is of significance as its one of the complex dyes with high molecular weight. In the present study, we isolated a novel bacterial strain Enterobacter CU2004 from the industrial waste and characterize using16S rRNA gene sequencing. Its potential to dye degradation was evaluated in a simple minimal salt media with the parameters namely dye concentration (1001000 ppm), pH (49), temperature (1555C), Carbon source (Lactose, Sucrose, Glucose, Starch, and Fructose), and Nitrogen source (Casein, Yeast extract, Peptone, Tryptone, Ammonium sulphate, and Urea) in a 24 h culture. Finally, data obtained were extended to design of experiment based optimization for the degradation efficacy of Enterobacter CU2004 and to validated design space was established. The novelty is in optimizing the design space parameters for highest percentage of degradation ?90% by the bacterial isolate Enterobacter CU2004 were finalized as 3037C temperature, 133249 ppm dye concentration, Lactose as Carbon source, Yeast extract as Nitrogen source, and the pH as 8. Microbial dye degradation was confirmed by FTIR, HPLC and GCMS studies. Further studies revealed the dye intermediates and the potential of Enterobacter CU2004 toward the degradation of complex, high molecular weight industrial dye RB222. 2024 Vasantha Veerappa Lakshmaiah, et al. -
NUTRACEUTICALS IN PREGNANCY
Pregnancy is a phase in womens lives wherein they experience some physiological and bodily changes. In this period dietary supplements are crucial to meet the nutritional demand of the fetus and also to overcome certain gestational complications such as hypertension, diabetes, and anemia. Generally, the intake of micronutrients in the diet is low for women especially in developing countries while it becomes important during pregnancy as they enable uterus and placental growth, manage gestational obesity, and also avoid miscarriage. Research and clinical studies are in power in identifying various safe, plant bioactive substances, and efficient delivery systems to reduce morbidity and mortality rates of maternal, fetal, and neonatal. In recent years the growing awareness of nutraceuticals to fight against chronic diseases such as cancer, and heart disease has gained trust globally and is replacing pharmaceuticals. Knowledge of the macro- and micronutrients is necessary to modify the diet and supplement with nutraceuticals for the well-being of the mother and the fetus. The current chapter highlights the major health complications associated with pregnancy and the essential nutrients required during pregnancy and fetal growth with substantial clinical evidence. 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. -
NUTRACEUTICALS IN PREGNANCY
Pregnancy is a phase in womens lives wherein they experience some physiological and bodily changes. In this period dietary supplements are crucial to meet the nutritional demand of the fetus and also to overcome certain gestational complications such as hypertension, diabetes, and anemia. Generally, the intake of micronutrients in the diet is low for women especially in developing countries while it becomes important during pregnancy as they enable uterus and placental growth, manage gestational obesity, and also avoid miscarriage. Research and clinical studies are in power in identifying various safe, plant bioactive substances, and efficient delivery systems to reduce morbidity and mortality rates of maternal, fetal, and neonatal. In recent years the growing awareness of nutraceuticals to fight against chronic diseases such as cancer, and heart disease has gained trust globally and is replacing pharmaceuticals. Knowledge of the macro- and micronutrients is necessary to modify the diet and supplement with nutraceuticals for the well-being of the mother and the fetus. The current chapter highlights the major health complications associated with pregnancy and the essential nutrients required during pregnancy and fetal growth with substantial clinical evidence. 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. -
Extended-spectrum ?-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Respiratory Tract Infections
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) have been critically associated with health care problems globally. Subsequently, increased antibiotic resistance rates have limited treatment options that are further exaggerated due to lack of newer novel drugs and therapies. Current study highlights, antibiotic resistance profiling along with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers of RTI pathogens from Bengaluru. During June 2020-May 2021, 1016 clinical samples collected, prevalence rate of 22.4% was exhibited, with highest in male (74.5%). Following age group, 30-35 years displayed highest (24.1%) though, lowest was in 45-50 years (1.3%). The standard microbiological characterization revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii as predominant bacterial pathogens associated with RTIs. While, Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) exhibited highest resistance rates for different antibiotics in the following pathogens, as K. pneumoniae for ampicillin (74.8%), P. aeruginosa for doripenem (66.6%), A baumannii to piperacillin/tazobactam (76.9%), E. coli for penicillin and ?-lactamase inhibitors ranging between 56-92%, E. cloacae to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid besides cefuroxime (100%). However, prevalence of Gram-positive strains were lowest and exhibited highest resistance to penicillin, and fluoroquinolone (83.3%). ESBL producers were predominantly K. pneumoniae, followed by E. coli, and E. cloacae with 21.9%, 6.5% and 1.3%, respectively. Notably, all the Gram-negative strains showed 100% sensitivity towards colistin with remarkable sensitivity was observed in oxazolidinone, glycopeptides by S. aureus and Coagulase-neagtive Staphylococcus aureus (CoNS). The study emphasizes increased antimicrobial resistance antimicrobial and ESBL resistance, suggesting AST as a systematic approach for apprising treatment guidelines in current scenario. The present study denotes polypeptide colistin as choice of drugs for treating RTI pathogens, however its not recommended in all cases. The Author(s) 2025. -
Phenotypic detection of ?-lactamases producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from the respiratory tract infections
Introduction: With limited treatment options and emerging antimicrobial resistance amongst bacterial pathogens in hospital settings, the alarming condition needs to be addressed. Aim and Objective: The study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility (AST) patterns, and extended spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBL) and Metallo ?-lactamases (MBL) production in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from respiratory tract infections (RTI). Materials and Methods: Current study, 1624 samples (sputum, tracheal secretions, suction tip) were collected during June 2020 to September 2022, phenotypically characterized by antibiotic sensitivity test (AST), Extended Spectrum Beta lactamases and Metallo Beta lactamases detection. Results: Of 12.3% (200 isolates), recorded prevalence rate of K. pneumoniae was 10.3% while, A. baumannii showed 1.9%. Following AST, K. pneumoniae displayed highest resistance against Ampicillin (95%), followed by Amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (91%), lowest recorded susceptibility for Tigecycline (39.2%). While, A. baumannii expressed susceptibility to Carbapenem group and Ciprofloxacin (84.3%), lowest Tigecycline (50%). Overall study exhibited Colistin retaining its activity with 100% sensitivity. ESBL production in K. pneumoniae was 31% and 0% in A. baumannii. While, MBL producers was 11%, K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii recorded at 9.5% and 25% respectively. Conclusion: The increasing rates of ESBL producers is concerning, and the current study highlights use of Colistin as the best available antimicrobial for treating such RTI pathogens. Therefore, continuous monitoring of antibiotic-resistant profiles will help to guide effective antimicrobial therapy and management. 2025 The Author(s), Published by Innovative Publications. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ -
Stress and Decision-Making among Civil Aviation Pilots in India: Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility
Objective: The study aims to investigate the difference between stress, decision-making, and cognitive flexibility based on demographic factors and the mediating role of cognitive flexibility on the association of stress and decision-making among civil aviation pilots. Methods: Data was collected from 372 commercial pilots from India through an online survey. The survey comprises standardized tools, including perceived stress, decision-making, and cognitive flexibility. Results: No significant gender difference was found in stress, decision-making, and cognitive flexibility. Age and work experience influenced stress levels, with mid-career pilots reporting the highest stress. Stress has a negative impact on pilots' decision-making ability. Cognitive flexibility partially mediates this relationship. Conclusion: Integrating cognitive flexibility training and stress management interventions into pilot training programs could significantly improve decision-making under pressure for safer aviation practices. 2025 Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. -
Elusive Justice to Dalits in the 'Land of Social Justice'
The recent inhuman incident of mixing human faeces in the overhead tank supplying water to Dalit colony in Vengaivayal village in Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu refl ects the perpetuating violence against the Dalits. Locating this brutal violence within the larger framework of violence against Dalits in Tamil Nadu, the lackadaisical attitude of Dravidian parties when dealing with the issues related to Dalits is brought to the fore.. 2023 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
2D Metal-based Electrocatalysts: Properties and Applications
Metallic nanostructures with thickness ranging from a single atom up to 100 nanometers fall under the category of 2D metals. The modified electronic band structure due to quantum confinement effects leads to intriguing electrical and electronic properties. Moreover, the properties can be further altered by variations in their shape, thickness, and lateral size. The exceptionally high surface area to volume ratio of 2D metals and stretchability are beneficial in electrocatalysis. The exposed atoms on the outer surface of 2D metals with low coordination numbers, possess unique properties, forming numerous active sites on the surface. As a result, 2D metals demonstrate a high ability towards the activation of small molecules, including O2, H2, CO2, HCOOH, CH3OH, C2H5OH, etc. This exceptional oxidation reactivity enables 2D metals to be excellent electrocatalysts for hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and oxidation of small molecules (formic acid, methanol, and ethanol) for fuel-cell applications. As the localized surface plasmon resonance (SPRs) is sensitive to the size/shape of plasmonic 2D metals, the optical absorption enabled by SPRs offers additional advantages for photo-electrocatalytic processes. The stability of highly active catalytic 2D metals presents a challenge due to the propensity of metal surfaces with high reactivity to undergo oxidation. Recent developments in the synthesis, properties, and applications of 2D metal nanostructures for electrocatalytic processes are discussed. The challenges and opportunities in the electrocatalytic application of 2D metal nanostructures have been summarized. 2025 Ram K. Gupta. -
On Leech labelings of graphs and some related concepts
Let G=(V,E) be a graph and let f:E?{1,2,3,} be an edge labeling of G. The path weight of a path P in G is the sum of the labels of the edges of P and is denoted by w(P). The path number of G, tp(G) is the total number of paths in a graph G. If the set of all path weights S in G with respect to the labeling f is {1,2,3,,tp(G)}, then f is called a Leech labeling of G. A graph which admits a Leech labeling is called a Leech graph. Leech index is a parameter which evaluates how close a graph is towards being Leech. In this paper, the path number of the wheel graph Wn is obtained. We also determine a bound for the Leech index of Wn and a subclass of unicyclic graphs. A python program that gives all possible Leech labelings of a cycle Cn for n?3, if it exists, is also provided. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Homomorphic DNA Security in IoT Edge Data
The Internet of Things (IoT) based intelligent medical system possesses sensitive and private patient data. Most data relates to the patient's medical records and highly sensitive information. For this reason, safety and confidentiality of information are crucial. The preservation of patient privacy when sharing medical data is the primary concern of this study. Due to their excellent performance, biological notations based on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are becoming increasingly admired for guaranteeing encryption and image protection. This paper proposes lightweight homomorphic with DNA-based medical image encryption (HDNA_MIE) for heterogeneous IoT in edge computing. The proposed approach contains two steps: In the first step, the secure DNA keys are generated using lightweight operations such as shifting and Josephus ring-based permutation (JRP). In the second step, the lightweight homomorphic cryptographic algorithm with DNA sequence-based encryption algorithm is suggested for secure encryption. The suggested strategy is evaluated using computational time and statistical analysis with several measures to determine its efficacy. The experimental findings of the proposed strategy exhibited a high level of security and a noticeable enhancement in the Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR), Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) and encryption processing time. The experiment outcomes demonstrate that our technique may be applied to highly confidential image encryption. 2024, Iquz Galaxy Publisher. All rights reserved.