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Some new results on proper colouring of edge-set graphs
In this paper, we present a foundation study for proper colouring of edge-set graphs. The authors consider that a detailed study of the colouring of edge-set graphs corresponding to the family of paths is best suitable for such foundation study. The main result is deriving the chromatic number of the edge-set graph of a path, Pn+1, n ? 1. It is also shown that edge-set graphs for paths are perfect graphs. 2020 the author(s). -
Canopy removal on satellite images using classification and contrast enhancement
The increasing the usage of satellite remote sensing for a civilian purpose has proved to be the most cost-effective mapping environmental changes with regard to natural resources, particularly in developing countries. Forests as one part of the wildlife of human societies in economic growth and permanency of natural resources in the countries of the world. But because of various details such as the growth of population, progressively varying forest to the other unfitting applications such as agriculture, providing energy and fuel, millions of hectares from the natural means are destroyed every year, and the remainder of the surface changes quantitatively and qualitatively. For better management of the forests, the evolution of forest area and rate of forest concentration should be examined. It is achievable that, there isnt any change in the field of the forest during the time, but the density of forest canopy is changed. Estimation of forest canopy cover has recently become an essential part of the forest. Therefore, the research study is to develop Forest Canopy Remover, which is used to get an accurate result of Forest and deforested area from the satellite earth images. It is used to calculate forest density using vegetation. Then, the changes in area and forest density during a particular period can be distinguished. 2020 IJSTR. -
Perception of information and communication technology tools among small and medium enterprises in Bengaluru
The Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector is a critically important sector. Despite its large contribution to the economy of the country, SMEs are not in a good position in terms of finance, technology and markets at present. The major problem faced by SME?s in India is the adoption of technology. The basic aim of this study is to evaluate the Information and Communication Tools (ICT) adoption by SME?s in India. For the study, a survey consisting of a self-administered questionnaire was conducted. The study utilized correlation and regression analysis. The findings prove that the institutional pressures have no significant influence on the advantages of ICT adoption, Challenges of ICT adoption and Awareness of different government schemes. Benefits of ICT adoption has moderate influence on Challenges of ICT adoption. The study showcases the factors that motivate entrepreneurs, firm owners to adopt ICT, and the challenges that an SME will face for ICT adoption. 2020, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc.. All rights reserved. -
Polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis and characterization from optimized medium utilizing distillery effluent using Bacillus endophyticus MTCC 9021: a statistical approach
Use of expensive raw material and inefficient extraction method has limited the production of biopolymers at pilot scale compared to commercial plastics. Hence, this research work spotlights on production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) using Bacillus endophyticus MTCC 9021 in different dilutions of untreated distillery effluent (1025%) among which 10% dilutions exhibited maximum PHA production. Statistical optimization through Response surface methodology yielded a maximum PHA of 6.45 0.07 g/L. The obtained PHA was analysed by FTIR and NMR which confirms the polymer to be polyhydroxybutyrate. The extracted PHA was reduced to nanoscale to develop PHA nanosheet which exposed higher oil absorption and retention ability than normal PHA sheet. Further the rapid degradation of PHA nanosheet with synthetic plastics in garden soil emphasises their unique application in wide sectors. 2020, 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Acute Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of Enydra fluctuans Lour in Zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton)
The present study was focused on the concentration-dependent changes in oral acute toxicity of leaf extracts of E. fluctuans in zebrafish. The study was also aimed at the details of histopathological changes in the gill, liver, brain, and intestine of zebrafish exposed to the leaf extracts of the plant E. fluctuans. Enydra fluctuans Lour is an edible semiaquatic herbaceous plant used widely for the alleviation of the different diseases. Since there were no toxicity studies conducted on this plant, the present study was an attempt to look into the elements of toxicity of the plants. Two types of experiments are conducted in the present study. First, the acute oral toxicity study was conducted as per the OECD guidelines 203. Second, histopathological changes were observed in the fishes exposed to the lethal concentrations of plant extract. The oral acute toxicity studies conducted on Zebrafish have revealed that the leave extracts of E. fluctuans were toxic to the tested fish at the concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight. The histopathological studies conducted on the intestine of treated fishes showed that treatment has induced rupturing of the villi structure and fusion of villi the membrane and detachment of the villi structure from the basal membrane of the intestine. The histology of the liver also showed severe vacuolization in the cells while it is not affected in control. The studies on gills showed the detachment of the basal epithelial membrane in the gills compared to control which might have led to death of the fish. The histopathological observations of brain tissues treated with test samples also revealed the marked impingement in the brain parenchyma while the control is normal without impingement of the brain. 2020 Jobi Xavier and Kshetrimayum Kripasana. -
Connected k-forcing sets of graphs and splitting graphs
The notion of k-forcing number of a graph was introduced by Amos et al. For a given graph G and a given subset I of the vertices of the graph G, the vertices in I are known as initially colored black vertices and the vertices in V (G) ? I are known as not initially colored black vertices or white vertices. The set I is a k-forcing set of a graph G if all vertices in G eventually colored black after applying the following color changing rule: If a black colored vertex is adjacent to at most k-white vertices, then the white vertices change to be colored black. The cardinality of a smallest k-forcing set is known as the k-forcing number Zk (G) of the graph G. If the sub graph induced by the vertices in I are connected, then I is called the connected k-forcing set. The minimum cardinality of such a set is called the connected k-forcing number of G and is denoted by Zck (G). This manuscript is intended to study the connected k-forcing number of graphs and the splitting graphs. 2020 the author(s). -
Optimized handwritten character recognition using artificial neural network
Handwritten character recognition (HCR) plays important role in the modern world and is one of the focused area of research in the field of image processing and pattern recognition. Handwritten character recognition refers to the process of conversion of hand-written character into printed/word file character which can immensely improve the interface between man and machine in numerous application. It is difficult to process with great variations in writing styles, different size and orientation angle of the character that are existing. Also segmentation of cursive handwritten text is difficult as the edges cant be detected easily. There are numerous approaches to recognize handwritten data. The images are acquired using a digital camera or scanner and stored in standard format like JPG, PNG etc. The second stages include pre-processing techniques like Binarization, Skeletonization, thinning, resizing the image and segmentation. In our work we mainly concentrated on extracting statistical features of alphabets like mean, variance, standard deviation, Skewness and kurtosis, which differentiates a character from another. We used feed forward algorithm to train Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The features of input character after pre-processing are fed into ANN. A database of 650 samples is created to test input samples for recognition of character by neural net-work. The Experimental results that we have achieved show 88.46 % accuracy rate with minimum time taken for training. IJSTR 2020. -
Determinants of bank profitability in India: Applications of count data models
This paper employs count data models, namely Poisson and negative binomial regression to investigate whether macroeconomic factors increase or decrease the count of number of 18 Indian public sector banks in losses. The analysis is based on quarterly data from Q3 2009 to Q4 2019. This paper also considers one and two lagged macroeconomic factors. The results provide a new perspective for understanding the determinants of bank profitability. The contemporary, one and two lagged gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate and inflation increase the count of number of banks in losses. Further, the count of number of banks in losses surges with increase in contemporary and one lagged index of industrial production (IIP). However, one and two lagged exchange rates are significant to shrink the count of number of banks in losses. This study enables banks and policy makers to deliberate on the macroeconomic determinants considered for this study. 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
An enhanced biometric attendance monitoring system using queuing petri nets in private cloud computing with playfair cipher
Every educational institutions needs to analyse and monitor participation. Educationists believe that there should be a fair number of students available in the majority of their classes. In colleges participation is used a measure of consistency. To deal with this kind of a challenging situation, biometric based participation monitoring framework is being proposed. This proposed method with the assistance of face recognition will help in maintaining every detail about the present students in a classroom save the same in the class database. The camera captures the image of students and compares them with the existing visual data available in the database. In case, the software is not able to find a match for the captured data in the student database, the particular student is marked as absent. Queuing Petri nets help in fulfilling customised demands of various institutions along with providing better performance in terms of hold up time. With the application of this technology, classroom participation is recorded and saved every hour. The database is accessed and maintained using cloud services and necessary security measured are incorporated as provided by major private cloud service providers with playfair cipher technique. 2020, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Securing cloud data against cyber-attacks using hybrid aes with MHT algorithm
Cloud computing is dealing with large amount of data during data communication. This data processing is named as big data. The big data is growth of the demand in accessing the storage, computation and communication. This big data has the major defects. A raising issue in emerging big data is cost minimization. The architecture of big data ranges over multiple machines and cluster which have sub system. The major challenge of this big data is preprocessing and analysing the data patterns. This research article is dealing with different data pre-processing and secure data storage. There are many research challenges during this data process. The possible gap and drawbacks in the technology are identified through this survey and the efficient big data service is provided through MHT and AES algorithm. The main aim of this proposed method is to provide better data security during larger data process. The proposed hybrid MHT with AES algorithm is to minimize the encryption and decryption time apart from that it reduces the attacker ratio. All these parameters automatically increase the Quality of Service. Copyright Research Institute for Intelligent Computer Systems, 2020. All rights reserved. -
Indoor location tracking using time of arrival estimation method
Background & Objective: Location-based services enable collection of location-oriented information which finds use in various fields. Methods: With its utility found in so many applications, various localization techniques are adopted to improve these services. One such property of a signal which is used for these estimations is known as Time of Arrival property. The Time of Arrival property of a signal is the time difference for a signal to go from the transmitter to the receiver. The most common application is to navigate through places, finding or tracking your personal belongings, targeted advertisements by knowing the nearby popular places and various other services like augmented reality gaming among others. Results & Conclusion: Through this paper, we demonstrate a method to track the location of a mobile sensor node using Trilateration algorithm with the help of Time of Arrival (ToA) property of signals. The time of arrival of packets at each node is recorded and data collected from the simulation of a wireless sensor network for this experiment is spread across various distributions to find the op-timum statistical inference. 2020 BenthamScience Publishers. -
Review on developments in nand flash page replacement algorithms
The non volatility, low power consumption and high density of NAND flash memories, made them an inevitable part of electronic industry. Due to the high wear out nature exhibited by flash systems, the algorithms used for page replacement in traditional memory systems are not suitable for flash page replacement. Along with the objective to maintain high hit rate, flash page replacement algorithms should aim at decreasing the page write count and maintain wear levelling. This paper presents major algorithms proposed for flash memory page replacement. The major contribution of this work is a relative study on various strategies, performance matrices and evaluation tools used for flash page replacement algorithm. The study shall help the researchers to identify the pros and cons of various flash page replacement algorithms, to identify the major gaps in between and to identify some commendable tools that can be used for flash page replacement algorithm evaluation. The gaps identified need to be addressed seriously in the near future. 2020, Engg Journals Publications. All rights reserved. -
Effective storage of goods in a warehouse using farm optimisation algorithm
Effective organisation of a warehouse's incoming goods section is important for its productivity as ensuring efficient shelving systems. When the incoming goods section is not properly configured, this almost automatically causes major interruptions throughout the subsequent storage phase. For effective storage of goods in warehouse farm optimisation algorithm (FOA) is proposed. The efficacy of the proposed approach was demonstrated using BR datasets and it is compared with different optimisation algorithms. From this experiment, it is noted that the suggested FOA fulfils the objective of efficient arrangement of goods in the warehouse. The order in which the goods are placed into the warehouse is also noted to be ideal than other competitive optimisation algorithms. 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Characterization of the Forgotten Topological Index and the HyperZagreb Index for the Unicyclic Graphs
Let G be a molecular graph with V (G) and E(G) be the vertex set and edge set, respectively. Various investigations show that many degree and distance based topological indices are used to exhibit strong intrinsic connection between the molec- ular structures and the physico-chemical properties of the chemical compounds. In this paper, we focus on two degree-based topological indices, namely, the forgotten topological index and the hyper-Zagreb Index expressed as F(G) = P u2V (G) d(u)3 and HM(G) = P uv2E(G)(d(u) + d(v))2, respectively, where d(u) and d(v) are the degrees of the vertices u and v, respectively, in the graph G. We show that the unicyclic graphs can take any even positive integer except 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 26, 28, 30, 34, 36, 38, 42, 46, 50, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 86 and 94 for the forgotten index. A comparable result for the hyper-Zagreb index is also presented. 2020 University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved. -
Quarantined effects and strategies of college students COVID-19
Purpose: The world is battling with one of the biggest health crisis caused by novel COVID-19. This paper aims to understand the effect of quarantine on the psychological health of college students and the coping strategies adopted by them. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopted the interview method and focused on two crucial open-ended questions: how quarantine has impacted and what are the strategies adopted to overcome the same. The response was recorded through email and phone from a sample of 30 students. Findings: Most of the students stated that they are going through issues like anxiety, depression, infection fear, ambiguity due to this pandemic and the lockdown related to it. However, they engage themselves with various activities that help them to combat this situation. Practical implications: Education institutions can focus on conducting online fest and other events to engage students more productively. They can also focus on developing a wellness application to support these students. They can provide solutions and tips to balance mental health and wellness during these times. Originality/value: Everyone knows about COVID-19 and the measures taken related to it, but not much about the impact of it on mental health. This paper discusses the negative impact of quarantine on students and coping strategies adopted by them. The strategies mentioned in the study can guide quarantined people, student community, parents, counsellors and academic facilitators to handle the situation in a better way. 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
'Amphibious historiography': Reading samanth subramanian's following fish: Travels around the indian coast (2010) through the actor-network theory
This paper explores Samanth Subramanian's travel writing collection Following Fish: Travels around the Indian Coast (2010) for its strength in establishing the significance of the human-non-human connection in the Indian coastline. Although a decade old, the work stands out even today for its strength in framing 'travel' from a non-terracentric point of view, as most travel writings have been often positioned. Subramanian's travel writing is an important departure from territorial historiographies via travel. His work traces the author's movement across India's coastal regions - the frontiers, as it were, of territoriality, literally following fish. Foregrounding a non-human subject as the travel writing's object of investigation, the paper deploys actor-network theory to analyze Subramanian's reconfiguration of the cultural imaginaries of India's coastlines via mobility thus reassembling the social of India's coastlines. His work, therefore, is argued to be an assemblage of the human and non-human actants creating a new water-based examination of socialities. Fish is the central node of his navigation of India's coastline assemblage, where he examines fish as food, as medicine, as commerce and as culture. By positing India's coastal regions as waterscapes to track movement of people, objects, and every day practices vis-vis fish, and moving in-land with the fish in some instances, Subramanian's work does not merely function as a commentary on the coastlines, but also emphasizes the need to interrogate mobility and travel across waterscapes. AesthetixMS 2020. This Open Access article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For citation use the DOI. For commercial re-use, please contact editor@rupkatha.com. -
Hindu nationalism and media violence in news discourses in India
The mainstream media and communication discourses in India in the present times engender media violence embedded in the dominant productions of Hinduism together with aspirations for neoliberal development. The media violence engenders indigenous forms of racism and colonialism. This article attempts to examine the nature of these productions through critical theories of postcoloniality and decolonial approaches put into conversation with theories of journalism. Through the examination of the instances of selective silencing of journalistic voices, and erasures embedded within the journalistic practices, this article argues for critical theories of press freedom. The productions of racial superiority and internal colonialism in India only begin to make sense when read together with the interplays of religion, class, caste, and global reach of the privileged sections of Indian society, namely the civil society. Against the backdrop of the historical role of the press in India in freedom struggle against colonial rule, the history of press censorship after independence, the civil society voices that are amplified in the neoliberal restructuring of news media, and the Dalit movements that expose the Brahminical dominance in the imaginary of the Indian culture, the meanings of race and coloniality in India unfold. 2020 National Communication Association. -
Bioconvection in buoyancy induced flow of Williamson nanofluid over a Riga Plate-DTM-Padapproach
The buoyancy induced flow of Williamson nanofluid containing Gyrotactic microorganisms along a vertical Riga plate has been investigated. This research aims at analysing the heat and mass transfer characteristics of Williamson Nanofluid in the presence of Gyrotactic microorganisms that helps in avoiding the agglomeration of nanoparticles during the nanofluid flow. The Gyrotactic microorganisms act as active mixers that help in stabilising the nanoparticles in the suspension. Also, the movement of these cells gives rise to a macro phenomenon called bioconvection that helps in preventing the agglomeration of nanoparticles. Furthermore, the magnetic field generated due to the flow of nanofluid is considered in addition to Thermophoresis and Brownian Motion to make the results more appropriate. Buongiornos Model has been incorporated to frame the system of equations that govern the fluid flow. Later, lie group analysis is performed to transform these equations into ordinary differential equations that are further solved using the differential transform method with Padapproximant. It is observed that the Lorentz force generated by the Riga plate in parallel to the flow helps in increasing the velocity of the nanofluid. It is also noticed that bioconvection reduces the flow speed and enhances the heat transfer rate. 2020 by American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved. -
Two distance forcing number of a graph
Motivated from the graph parameters namely zero forcing number, k-forcing number and the connected k-forcing number, in this article, we introduce a new parameter known as the 2-distance forcing number. Assume that each vertex of a graph G = (V (G), E(G)) is colored as either white or black. Consider the set Z2d of black colored vertices of the graph G. The color change rule changes the color of a white vertex v to black if the white vertex v is the only 2-distance white neighbor of a black vertex u. The set Z2d is called a two distance forcing set of G if all vertices of the graph G will be turned black after limited applications of the color change rule. The 2-distance forcing number of G, denoted by Z2d (G), is the minimum of | Z2d | over all 2-distance forcing sets Z2d ? V (G). This manuscript is intended to study the 2-distance forcing number of some graphs. We find the exact value of the 2-distance forcing number of graphs such as the pineapple graph, gear graph, jelly fish graph, helm graph, sunflower graph, comet graph and the n-pan graph. 2020 the author(s). -
Investigation of dielectric properties of indigenous blended ester oil for electric system applications
The insulation condition of a transformer decides the longevity of the equipment. The unpredicted failure of power transformer will lead to major disaster in the distribution network and it affects both environment and public safety. Nowadays synthetic oil and natural esters are alternatives to transformer oil because of the biodegradable nature. In this paper, investigations were carried out to study the performance of the blended ester. The different properties investigated were viscosity, breakdown voltage, flash point, dielectric dissipation factor and moisture content. Comparisons of the properties were made between mineral oil, vegetable oil without additives and with additives. Further Investigation was carried out to study the impact of antioxidants and degasification. The results indicated that the addition of antioxidants and degasification of the vegetable oil improve significantly its voltage withstanding capacity. The Indigenous oil is code named as DM; Indigenous oil with DBPC is codenamed as DM1, Indigenous oil with BHA is codenamed as DM2. The results have been tabulated and found to be satisfactory. 2020 ASTES Publishers. All rights reserved.