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SDG-4 Quality Education in South Korea: SDG-4 Perspective
This chapter focuses on some of the best quality measures in education adopted by South Korea. It describes the educational initiatives and reforms brought into the South Korean education system to enhance the quality of education at all levels. This includes initiatives incorporated from 2015 to 2023 in early childhood, primary, secondary, and higher education. The chapter brings forth the current status and statistics enhancing the quality of education as envisaged by the UNs Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-4 target indicators 4.1 to 4.7, including educational innovations, new policy frameworks, policy implementation, and the establishment of newer educational institutes that enhance the quality of education. The chapter reports the current status of gender equity in the enrollment ratio, employment ratio, dropout ratio, population ratio, education attainment, literacy ratio, and teacher ratio. The chapter uncovers the latest initiatives that bring quality to education in assessment and evaluation, new pro-grammes, interdisciplinary research, centers of excellence, entrepreneurial education, inclusive education, and education of the vulnerable population. The chapter further reports projects initiated to enhance the quality of education, including peace education, happiness curriculum studies, resilience education, educational infrastructure, learning environment, scholarships, recognition, information and communication technology, artificial intelligence, and teacher education. Copyright 2026 by Chunghee Chung, Gyewan Moon, Guydeuk Yeon and Sanskriti Rawat Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited -
SDG-4 Education and Sustainable Development: Mapping Initiatives in India
This chapter, in keeping with the larger theme of the volume, will present a critical overview of the steps taken by the Indian Government toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), in particular Goal 4: Inclusive and equitable quality education and to promote lifelong opportunities for all. The initiatives are mapped across primary, secondary, higher, and technical education from 2015 to 2024. The chapter looks at policy initiatives, budgetary allocation to education in the Five-Year Plan (20152020), infrastructure development, and inclusivity. The Indian state has always been conscious of its responsibility toward education. Through this chapter, the authors can help situate the position of the Indian education system vis-vis global indicators like SDGs. Moreover, the chapter will attempt to demonstrate the marked changes in the education system in India in the 21st century. The chapter argues that Indian educational initiatives since independence have prioritized quality, inclusive, and lifelong learning, aligning with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established in 2015. Hence, India had always addressed these concerns systematically, and now, identifying with UN SDGs has a global benchmarking. The chapter begins with a brief introduction of the developmental goals set by the United Nations and discusses its transition from millennium development goals (MDGs) to SDGs. This is followed by an overview of educational landmarks in the short history of Indias independence. The last section looks at policy initiatives and legislation across primary, secondary, and higher education, focusing largely on the two decades of the 21st century. Copyright 2026 by G S Prakasha and Malavika Menon Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited -
SDG-4 Research Insights on SDG-4 Among Asia Pacific Countries
Educating all is a global movement for years; however, providing education with quality, equity and justice is a matter of concern. Despite United Nations (UN) determination to achieve all 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030, achieving the SDG-4 has its own challenges. Thus, the present chapter of the volume aims to capture insights from research that has occurred pertaining to SDG-4 since 2015. The study explored research journal databases mostly indexed in Scopus or Web of Science. It did not include findings from any predatory journals. The study revealed significant research works that are conducted to support quality education among Asia Pacific (APAC) countries, viz., India, Japan, Australia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, South Korea and a few other. Some of the milestones mentioned are nutritious food, health and hygiene, environmental education, inclusivity, climate education, STEM education and robotics. The current chapter suggests that future researchers conduct systematic studies and qualitative research to capture the nuances of SDG-4 implementation across the world. Copyright 2026 by G S Prakasha and Anthony Kenneth Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited -
Introduction to Quality of Education: SDG-4 Perspective
The chapter discusses the understanding of SDG-4 as per the United Nations perspective, along with the rationale for Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It discusses the targets and indicators under SDG-4, the quality of education. The chapter emphasizes the critical role of education in achieving all 17 SDGs. The chapter justifies that the SDG-4 focus on the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region through the discussion of diversity, economy, population, demographics, educational disparities, and innovation. The chapter discusses the education in the APAC region by providing an overview of the current status, trends, challenges, equity, quality, success stories, and regional innovations. The chapter highlights the progress toward SDG-4 in the APAC region in terms of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE), secondary, higher education, technical and vocational education, and teacher education. The chapter presents the objectives, scope, operational definitions, best practices, and chapter summaries. It further presents the overview of the volume along with its unique contribution to the policy and knowledge domain. Copyright 2026 by John Joseph Puthenkalam and Joseph Chacko Chennattuserry Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited -
Exploring the Impact of Personalized Customer Experiences in Modern Business Strategies
In todays dynamic business landscape, individual customer experiences (CEs) play a crucial role in shaping the strategies and operations of modern organizations. Companies increasingly prioritize customer interactions, using insights from these experiences to refine their services, enhance engagement, and drive long-term success. This chapter explores how personal CEs shape the strategies and operations of modern organizations. It focuses on integrating customer-centric tools and strategies that enhance customer relationships, product and service models, and operational frameworks. The chapter employs a qualitative analysis of contemporary business practices, examining the role of CE in various industries. It incorporates insights from recent research and case studies to highlight the evolution of branding, advertising, and customer engagement strategies in response to technological advancements and changing consumer behaviors. The findings indicate that great CE is crucial for customer retention and competitive advantage.organizations that effectively leverage technology and advanced customer knowledge are better positioned to create meaningful customer relationships. The chapter also identifies gaps in traditional customer relationship management (CRM) systems, emphasizing the need for a more holistic, customer-centric approach to marketing and operations. Businesses must prioritize enhancing CEs through tailored strategies and operational models. 2026 Aarti Saini and Vikas Garg. -
Credibility, Engagement, and Purchase: How Virtual Influencers Drive Gen Zs Consumer Behavior
This study focuses on how virtual influencers (VIs) impact the buying behavior of Indian Generation Zs (Gen Z). Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 519 Gen Z consumers across major metropolitan cities. The result of study revealed that the VIs credibility impacts how well they are able to engage with their followers. The results indicated that online engagement influenced brand credibility and brand familiarity. The results also showed that online engagement did not affect brand trust and purchase intent. Artificial intelligence (AI) is enabling VIs to become a more cost-effective and sustainable tool for brands. 2026 Aarti Saini and Vikas Garg. -
Humanizing Industry 5.0: Creating Human-centric Experiences
Industry 5.0 (I5.0) saw a paradigm shift from a human-centric automation approach that focused on well-being, sustainability, and resilience. The transformation further elevates the process of personalization in various industries. We focus on the progression of personalization from a traditional rule-based system to advanced technologies. The technological revolution in I5.0 has transformed how we view personalization. The integration of technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and digital twin technology is allowing businesses to create highly tailored products. This includes personalized recommendations, targeted marketing campaigns, and immersive experiences in the metaverse. The chapter further analyzes various techniques and models in personalization, like collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, and hybrid approaches. Technological advancements also bring many challenges. Concerns like data privacy, hesitancy to share personal information, and irrelevant personalization can impact the content of personalization. The ethical implications of AI personalization, like potential biases and discriminatory outcomes, require careful attention. It is important to balance the benefits of personalization with individuals privacy rights and equitable access to personalized services. 2026 Aarti Saini and Vikas Garg. -
Artificial intelligence-powered travel apps with mixed reality immersion
Conventional and traditional industry standards have seen a drastic shift in recent years with the technological revolution. The introduction of big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and virtual and augmented reality has created a sophisticated and futuristic environment for businesses to strive for. AI-enabled tourism applications refer to the digital tools and software used in the tourism sector that use AI technology to improve and customize a variety of aspects of the travel experience. Though it has applications in tourism that go beyond conventional approaches, AI is still vital to many industries. This chapter examines how AI provides travelers with intelligent and personalized solutions, enabling them to have immersive travel experiences. This investigation includes virtual travel agents, intelligent itinerary planners, AR navigation, and other cutting-edge AI-powered services that cater to individual preferences and needs. The study acknowledges the dynamic landscape of AI-enabled travel apps as well as the evolving expectations of modern travelers. It addresses the opportunities and challenges brought about by the integration of AI in the tourism sector, highlighting the potential for enhanced user experiences and better travel planning. The chapter also discusses how immersive experiences can be created with technology, shedding light on how AI could encourage travelers to develop closer relationships with their travel destinations. It examines how AI impacts decision-making processes, the customization of travel recommendations, and user satisfaction overall within the context of travel experiences. 2025 Sandhya H. and Bindi Varghese. All rights reserved. -
Greening the click-environmental initiatives in global e-commerce marketing
Convenience and accessibility are the features that drive today's consumers flocking to the retail market. This has given rise to widespread environmental impacts implying that the green concept includes sustainable strategic protocols committed to ethical consumerism and corporate social responsibility. The key operative word is sustainability in all aspects of business from design to delivery. An effective component of strategy is innovation, coupled with transparency. Education of the customers on environmental issues ensures their loyalty and enhances brand image. A Nielson report testifies that consumers are attracted more to products from companies behaving like good corporate citizens providing them with competitive advantages and leading to cost savings. Moreover, positive engagement in legal requirements keeps it ahead of risks associated with environmental laws. Two considerations on strategies are projected upfront. One is Green Branding, meaning thereby a strong and positive association with environmental responsibility in the minds of the buyers, boosting brand loyalty. The other, being Eco-labeling, is a visible proof of environmental benefits. Eco-labels are certifications awarded from recognized organizations. 2025 Thomas K.V., Punam Rattan and Raji Ramakrishnan Nair. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited. All rights reserved. -
Transforming Customer Relations: Emotional AI and Behavioural Insights as Strategic Enablers in the Automotive Industry
This research examines how emotional AI deepens customer relations within the American automotive industry and how behavioural insights (BLI) mediate this process. Underlying framework: In the automotive industry, prioritising customer needs is crucial. Using emotional AI that analyses emotions and behavioural patterns can contribute to customer loyalty and satisfaction. The research employs a quantitative survey research approach. The sample pool comprised 237 customer experience managers representing various automotive companies in Texas. Emotional AI, business intelligence (BI), and consumer research are assessed using survey questionnaires, and the responses are recorded electronically. Descriptive regression and correlation analysis methods are employed to understand the connections between emotional AI, BLI, and customer relations. Evidence: The survey results indicated a positive relationship between the developed emotional AI and BLI, highlighting aspects of customer relations, including satisfaction and trust levels. The researchs findings suggest that emotional AI and BI could be a strategic intervention for enhancing customer loyalty. 2026 Haitham M. Alzoubi and Shanmugan Joghee and 2026 The authors. -
Achieving Organisational Achievement via the Use of Al in Machine Management
Among the most effective ways of increasing the outcomes of the company, there is the application of Artificial Intelligence ( Al) in machine management. This study article focuses on the role of Al in improving the work of machines and decision-making as well as increasing the effectiveness of organisations. The focus of the study is to enhance the machine management efficiency in order to reduce the downtime, decrease the costs of operation and increase the productivity through the application of Al technologies such as automated systems, predictive maintenance and real-time data analysis. This study finds that the indicators of operational efficiency, product quality and labour safety are determined by a case study of various industries. This study has proposed that the integration of Al into machine management goes beyond being a technical adjustment; it is a shift in the culture and approach of organisations, human resource management (HRM) practices and operations. The real-time insights and predictive analysis of the market that is provided by Al can help in meeting the needs of the market that are ever-evolving while at the same time being efficient and innovative. This makes enterprises to have an edge over the competitors. The findings of the study are therefore a clear indication that in the ever evolving business environment, there is the need to embrace the use of Al to foster growth and development of organisations. 2025 Shiney Chib, Falguni Pawar, Shantanu S. Bose, Thirulogasundaram V.P., Prasanna H.N. and Lakshmi S.R. All rights reserved. -
The Role of Al in Customer Relationship Management for Tailored Financial Services
Much as the financial services industry is characterised by dynamism, Artificial Intelligence (Al) is gradually transforming the Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Among the AI-related advances is the advancement of bespoke financial services that increases involvement and experience of the customers. This chapter seeks to address the following research question: how has the incorporation of Al tools influenced the CRM strategies adopted by the industry? Newer, implementing Al in CRM systems, banks can go through terabytes of customers' information looking for more about each other's preferences, tendencies and needs. This information may therefore allow for financial services, proactive customer care and consumption point marketing based on segments of the population. Information on financial organisations' successful implementation of Al-based CRM systems is provided in the chapter; in addition, challenges and ethical issues regarding the use of these technologies are also described. The findings show how the use of Al can enhance CRM in the financial services sector resulting in satisfied and loyal customers alongside more organisation productivity. As for the maximisation of CRM results, the report also suggests that financial institutions must use Al appropriately while addressing the problems associated with the latter. 2025 Lakshmi S.R., Rajimol K.P., Y.K. Sunitha, Ajatashatru Samal, Priya R.P. and Srija H.R. All rights reserved. -
Strategising Algorithm: The Prospects and Perils of Artificial Intelligence (Al) in Criminal Justice Reformation
The criminal justice system relies significantly on human decision-making, with the parole system primarily responsible for addressing convicted criminals' rehabilitation. A paradigm change in prisoner rehabilitation and reintegration is underway with the introduction of artificial intelligence ( Al) into correctional institutions. A specific approach to alleviate the effects of human error is by utilising artificial intelligence to enhance human decision-making. Algorithms are being utilised in several jurisdictions to offer judges guidance on the appropriate type and level of punishment that should be imposed on convicted criminals. While human judgement has long played a crucial part in criminal justice systems, technological advancements are progressively augmenting the ability to make decisions. This paper examines the necessity of establishing broad restrictions on the application of algorithms in sentencing determinations. Critique plays a vital role in criminal sentencing; however, the implementation of algorithms in advisory capacities may compromise this significance. To uphold condemnatory sentencing, it is essential to recognise a principle of 'meaningful public control', which necessitates ethical accountability from representatives of the wider political community. This principle does not prohibit the use of algorithms; still it does impose restrictions on their implementation. The review posits that Al has the potential to improve fairness and efficiency in pretrial and jail systems within the criminal justice framework through the application of risk assessment software. The research envisages Al's potential to enhance the rehabilitative, compassionate, and effective aspects of the penal system, thereby facilitating societal reintegration and decreasing rates of recidivism. 2025 Sofia Khatun and Sivananda Kumar K. All rights reserved. -
Integrating artificial intelligence in Islamic financial management: Opportunities and challenges in maintaining Shariah compliance
The objective of this study is to examine the potential incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology into financial management practices that are based on Islamic principles, with a particular emphasis on ensuring Shariah compliance. The literature analysis methodological approach is employed to identify the opportunities and challenges associated with the adoption of AI in the Islamic Finance (IF) environment. The results indicate that the implementation of AI can enhance the efficacy, transparency, and precision of IF operations. However, there are numerous challenges associated with Shariah compliance and ethics. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of establishing a regulatory framework that is consistent with Shariah principles in order to ensure the successful implementation of AI in Islamic financial institutions (IFI). The need for collaboration between finance experts and academics to ensure that the technology is implemented in accordance with Shariah principles, as well as the expansion of training for IF (Islamic Finance) practitioners regarding the implications of AI, are among the recommendations. Future research should examine the influence of more specific AI implementation strategies on Islamic conformance and operational efficacy in the context of IF. 2025 Early Ridho Kismawadi, Mohammad Irfan and Isnaini Harahap. All rights reserved. -
INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: ENSURING EQUALITY AND SOCIETAL RESPONSIBILITY
Internationalization of higher education is an important initiative toward creating a society that promotes equity and reflects its social responsiveness. Given the education sector is changing globally, it is important for institutions to carefully manage the challenges that come with it and ensure that their international initiatives are beneficial for local and global communities. This chapter explores the interconnectedness between the internationalization of higher education, reducing inequality, and social responsibility and the role of internationalization of higher education institutions in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 10. Substantial evidence on the current issue was provided by a thematic analysis of interviews undertaken with experts in the field and development of a strategic framework. A number of suggestions have been provided to ensure equity remains at the center of higher education's effort in pursuit of reducing inequalities. 2025 The authors. -
Servant Teachers and Online Learning in Higher Education: A Narrative Enquiry into Experiences of Teachers During COVID-19 Outbreak
This research examines the lived experiences of servant teachers of higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic focusing on the use of technology and challenges within online teaching frameworks. It aims to fill the gaps in literature regarding the individual practitioner-servant leadership in digital education settings. Ethical considerations were rigorously maintained. This research adapted qualitative research approaches guided by the SL-7 scale to identify servant teachers and semi-structured interviews to capture their lived experiences. Data analysis employed interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) through Osborn and Smith's (2006) four stages of IPA. The analysis yielded seven core themes: engagement, technology, experiences, impact, well-being, performance, and policies. The study illuminates how pedagogical approaches need to be student-centered but were technologically constrained from a servant teacher's perspective, thus shedding light on the dynamics of servant leadership on supportive and nurturing pedagogies in education during emergencies. The research contributes to the discourse on leadership in digital education by emphasizing the value of servant leadership traits in enhancing student satisfaction, retention, and overall academic well-being. 2026 by Divya Dosaya, Anupama Sadasivan, Sonia David, Athira M. and Palak Pipalia. -
Educators in the Post-COVID Digital Era: An Enquiry Through the Transformational Leadership Lens
Amidst the changing conditions brought about by the pandemic, educators face diverse challenges and opportunities in integrating digital technologies into their teaching/learning practices. Transformational leadership among educators, characterized by vision, inspiration, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation, emerges as a crucial factor in guiding educators through this turbulent transition. This study explores the role of transformational leadership in facilitating educators' adaptation to the post-COVID digital era. Through a qualitative inquiry, employing semi-structured interviews, this research examines how transformational leadership styles inspire and support educators in embracing digital tools and pedagogies. By using reflexive thematic analysis, the study explores the interplay between transformational leadership and the usage of information and communication technology. The analysis will seek to uncover insights into the mechanisms driving educators' acceptance and adoption of digital technologies in the post-COVID educational landscape. The findings offer implications for educational leaders, policymakers, and practitioners aiming to foster effective technology integration strategies and enhance teaching and learning outcomes in the digital era. 2026 by Anupama Sadasivan, Divya Dosaya and Athira M. -
Natural processing language: Business strategy in marketing intelligence
Customer Perception (CP) plays a crucial role for linking business strategy to success, with companies using multichannel data like social media and surveys to gather valuable unstructured information. Accurate analysis of this data uncovers purchasing trends, product flaws, and customer interests, thus guiding product improvements and marketing strategies. This chapter highlights the importance of prioritizing pricing and product usefulness over aesthetic appeal in catalogues by understanding consumer behaviour, and leveraging multichannel marketing for global reach and cost-effectiveness. This chapter explores how Deep Learning and NLP technologies enhance data analysis, customer feedback capture, and marketing strategies along with emphasizing ethical considerations. It aims to provide insights into developing competitive, intelligent marketing strategies (IMS) focussing on CRM, ultimately guiding companies to navigate the evolving marketing landscape effectively. 2025 Kankhita Mukherjee, Sriram Ananthan, Raghunandan G. and Thirupathi Manickam. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited. All rights reserved. -
Role of artificial intelligence in customer engagement and experience
Businesses in the ultramodern period of today concentrate on drawing in customers and changing to meet their wants. The digital revolution has altered customer engagement strategies for businesses, which has an effect on their lifespan. Businesses look for creative methods to improve customer experience in order to remain competitive. During the Industrial Revolution 4.0., artificial intelligence (AI) significantly changed customer management, and it continues to do so today, and will surely continue in future as well. This chapter analyzes the conceptual framework of customer engagement, industries strategies and ethical considerations, data safety and security, mitigating the bias of AI, customer interactions and customer journey, and how artificial intelligence rebuilds, enhances, and optimizes customer management in various industries. Featuring an emphasis on both present and future uses, this chapter investigates how AI might improve corporate offerings, services, and consumer interaction. This chapter delves at how perception analytics, chatbots, and personalized experiences may use AI to improve consumer engagement. It analyzes ethical issues including data privacy, transparency, and prejudice in AI-driven customer management, with an emphasis on fairness and trust. It also examines AI's role in anticipating what customers want and enhancing interactions. This study examines the use of AI to customer management, including obstacles and methods to improve company expansion through the use of pertinent data. This chapter presents an empirical case study on AI's challenges, opportunities, and future potential in customer management and business engagement. 2025 Shakti Swarupa Nayak, Himanshi R Giri, Thirupathi Manickam and Sriram Ananthan. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited. All rights reserved. -
Enhancing customer satisfaction through artificial neural networks (ANNS): Principles, architectures, and practical applications
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a powerful paradigm in AI, inspired by the complex structure of the human brain. Their design mirrors biological neural networks that govern the human nervous system, allowing ANNs to excel in tasks from pattern recognition to decision-making. This chapter explores the foundational principles of ANNs, highlighting the interplay between neuroscience and computer science, where digital systems replicate or sometimes surpass human cognitive abilities. The study examines ANNs in various customer-focussed applications, where businesses can leverage ANNs to increase customer satisfaction by predicting and influencing consumer behaviour. This chapter provides an overview of the core principles, architectures, and broad applications of ANNs. It seeks to offer historical insights, understanding the evolution of ANNs and their mathematical foundations. The research explores the building blocks of neural networks, including neurons, layers, and activation functions, and their importance in pattern recognition and information processing. Special emphasis is given to popular architectures like feedforward, recurrent, and convolutional neural networks. ANNs' versatility is demonstrated through surveys of their applications in finance, robotics, and healthcare. This chapter addresses real-world challenges and potential solutions in these domains. This chapter serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in understanding ANNs, how they work, their development, and future advancements in the field. It discusses ANNs' impacts in finance, healthcare, and robotics, alongside ethical considerations. This original contribution provides fresh insights into ANNs, making it valuable for those exploring this emerging topic. 2025 Diva Kaur Grewal, Vanishree Senthilkumaran and Hridhya P. K.. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.