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An Analytical Review on Data Privacy and Anonymity in 'Internet of Things (IoT) Enabled Services'
Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology, spreading all over the world so the number of devices is increasing day by day. So, the volume and data complexity has increased drastically in the past three years. The resultant system might contain a significant number of heterogeneous devices, posing integration and scalability issues that must be addressed. In such a situation, security and privacy are commonly regarded as a significant concern. On the other hand, user privacy, defined as the capacity to provide data protection and anonymity, must be protected, which is especially important when personal and/or sensitive information is involved. This paper presents the comprehensive survey, characteristics, and application of IoT and the immense number of challenges raced and faced during the implementation of IoT frameworks. 2021 IEEE. -
RehabPal: Automated Physical Therapy Assistance
This innovative research project transforms automated physical therapy support by combining 2D and 3D pose assessment approaches with tailored feedback systems. Utilizing Mediapipe technology, the apparatus attentively observes patients movements in a two-dimensional space and gives realtime data regarding their gait, exercise compliance, and range of motion. Accurate data on joint angles and body segment alignment are provided by the system's sophisticated 3D posture estimation algorithms, which enhance tracking precision. The system incorporates customized feedback systems that include individual patients goals, progress, and conditions and delivery and reward schemes. By increasing user engagement and adherence, the integration of gamification elements has the potential to revolutionize automated physical therapy support. This comprehensive approach aims to enhance patients quality of life while simultaneously enhancing long-term rehabilitation outcomes by providing more conveniently accessible, affordably priced, and specially designed therapies. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Synthesis methods of nanostructured carbon materials
One of the most crucial factors in the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials is the choice of synthesis method. Since the synthesis process is heavily reliant on the particle size and molecular structure, it has a significant impact on the final properties of the nanoparticles. The top-down and bottom-up approaches are the two primary approaches. In contrast to the top-down method, which breaks down larger carbon sources like graphite or bulk carbon materials into nanoscale structures, the bottom-up method uses a variety of chemical reactions, including dehydration, carbonization, polymerization, and other irreversible chemical reactions, to create nanoparticles. In this chapter, the various top-down and bottom-up synthesis routes are covered, along with their effects on the physico-chemical characteristics of carbon nanomaterials. 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Cross Correlation Between Plasmaspheric Hiss Waves and Enhanced Radiation Levels at Aviation Altitudes
Enhanced radiation in the Earth's atmosphere can pose serious hazards to pilots, aircraft passengers, and commercial space travelers. Recent results have shown, statistically, that there is a strong correlation between dose rates observed by Automated Radiation Measurements for Aerospace Safety (ARMAS) instruments at aviation altitudes (>9km) and plasmaspheric hiss wave power measured by NASA's Van Allen Probes within the inner magnetosphere. Plasmaspheric hiss waves play a very important role in removing energetic electrons from the Earth's radiation belts by precipitating them into the upper atmosphere. These relativistic electrons generally drift eastwards along closed magnetic drift shells. In this study, we use magnetic conjunction events between ARMAS and the Van Allen Probes to analyze the causality between plasmaspheric hiss waves and enhanced radiation observed at aviation altitude. We specifically study how the size of the conjunction window and a shift in L and MLT of the conjunction window affect the correlation between dose rates and plasmaspheric hiss wave power. This is to determine if the observed enhanced radiation at aviation altitude is indeed caused by the plasmaspheric hiss waves in the inner magnetosphere. The results show that the enhanced radiation levels are only correlated with plasmaspheric hiss waves within conjunction windows of ?1 (Formula presented.) L (Formula presented.) 1 and 0 (Formula presented.) MLT (Formula presented.) 2. The correlation between dose rate and hiss wave power increases slightly if ARMAS is shifted approximately 1hr in MLT to the east of the Van Allen Probes, consistent with the drift trajectory of the electrons precipitating into the atmosphere. 2025. The Author(s). -
Cross Correlation Between Plasmaspheric Hiss Waves and Enhanced Radiation Levels at Aviation Altitudes
Enhanced radiation in the Earth's atmosphere can pose serious hazards to pilots, aircraft passengers, and commercial space travelers. Recent results have shown, statistically, that there is a strong correlation between dose rates observed by Automated Radiation Measurements for Aerospace Safety (ARMAS) instruments at aviation altitudes (>9km) and plasmaspheric hiss wave power measured by NASA's Van Allen Probes within the inner magnetosphere. Plasmaspheric hiss waves play a very important role in removing energetic electrons from the Earth's radiation belts by precipitating them into the upper atmosphere. These relativistic electrons generally drift eastwards along closed magnetic drift shells. In this study, we use magnetic conjunction events between ARMAS and the Van Allen Probes to analyze the causality between plasmaspheric hiss waves and enhanced radiation observed at aviation altitude. We specifically study how the size of the conjunction window and a shift in L and MLT of the conjunction window affect the correlation between dose rates and plasmaspheric hiss wave power. This is to determine if the observed enhanced radiation at aviation altitude is indeed caused by the plasmaspheric hiss waves in the inner magnetosphere. The results show that the enhanced radiation levels are only correlated with plasmaspheric hiss waves within conjunction windows of ?1 (Formula presented.) L (Formula presented.) 1 and 0 (Formula presented.) MLT (Formula presented.) 2. The correlation between dose rate and hiss wave power increases slightly if ARMAS is shifted approximately 1hr in MLT to the east of the Van Allen Probes, consistent with the drift trajectory of the electrons precipitating into the atmosphere. 2025. The Author(s). -
The Impact of Influencer Marketing on Consumer Buying Behavior
Influencer marketing has emerged as a transformative force in the digital landscape, significantly shaping consumer buying behaviour. This abstract explores the multifaceted impact of influencer marketing on consumer purchasing decisions, emphasizing its role in fostering trust, enhancing brand awareness, and driving sales. Influencers, who are perceived as relatable and authentic figures, cultivate a sense of trust among their followers, making their endorsements more credible than traditional advertising methods. Research indicates that 61% of consumers are more likely to trust recommendations from influencers compared to brand- produced content. This trust not only influences immediate purchase decisions but also contributes to long- term brand loyalty. Moreover, influencer marketing effectively utilizes social proof, where consumers are motivated to purchase products endorsed by influencers they admire, often driven by a Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). The targeted nature of influencer campaigns allows brands to reach niche audiences, thereby increasing engagement and conversion rates 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Experimenting with scalability of floodlight controller in software defined networks
Software Defined Network is the booming area of research in the domain of networking. With growing number of devices connecting to the global village of internet, it becomes inevitable to adapt to any new technology before testing its scalability in presence of dynamic circumstances. While a lot of research is going on to provide solution to overcome the limitations of the traditional network, it gives a call to research community to test the applicability and caliber to withstand the fault tolerance of the provided solution in the form of SDN Controllers. Out of existing multiple controllers providing the SDN functionalities to the network, one of the stellar controllers is Floodlight Controller. This paper is a contribution towards performance evaluation of scalability of the Floodlight Controller by implementing multiple scenarios experimented on the simulation tool of Mininet, Floodlight Controller and iPerf. Floodlight Controller is tested in the simulation environment by observing throughput and latency parameters of the controller and checked its performance in dynamic networking conditions over Mesh topology by exponentially increasing the number of nodes. 2017 IEEE. -
Scalability of software defined network on floodlight controller using OFNet
Software Defined Network is the thriving area of research in the realm of networking. With growing number of devices connecting to the global village of internet, it becomes inevitable to adapt to any new technology before testing its scalability in presence of dynamic circumstances. While a lot of research is going on to provide solution to overcome the limitations of the traditional network, it gives a call to research community to test the competence and applicability to hold up the fault tolerance of the solution offered in the form of SDN Controllers. Out of the accessible multiple controllers with enabled the SDN functionalities to the network infrastructure, one of the best choice in controllers is Floodlight Controller. This research article is a contribution towards performance evaluation of scalability of the Floodlight Controller by implementing dual scenarios implemented, experimented and analyzed on the emulation tool of OFNet. Floodlight Controller is tested in the emulation environment by observing eight different parameters of the controller and checked its performance in scalable networking conditions over linear topology by gradually increasing the number of nodes. 2017 IEEE. -
Ryu controller's scalability experiment on software defined networks
Software defined networks is the future of Computer networks which claims that traditional networks are getting replaced by SDN. Considering the number of nodes everyday connecting to the global village of internet, it becomes inevitable to adapt to any new technology before testing its scalability in presence of dynamic circumstances. While a lot of research is going on to provide solution as SDN to overcome the limitations of the traditional network, it gives a call to research community to test the applicability and caliber to withstand the fault tolerance of the provided solution in the form of SDN Controllers. Out of the existing multiple controllers providing the SDN functionalities to the network, one of the basic controllers is Ryu Controller. This paper is a contribution towards performance evaluation of scalability of the Ryu Controller by implementing multiple scenarios experimented on the simulation tool of Mininet, Ryu Controller and iPerf. Ryu Controller is tested in the simulation environment by observing throughput of the controller and checked its performance in dynamic networking conditions over Mesh topology by exponentially increasing the number of nodes until it supported tested on high end devices. 2018 IEEE. -
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School alienation in online schooling scale (SAOSS): development of a measure to assess school alienation among students
This study reports on developing and validating the School Alienation in Online Schooling Scale (SAOSS). School alienation in online schooling is conceptualized as opposed to school belonging and the main reason for minimal participation, reduced educational benefits, and school dropout in school aged-children, especially during the online learning forced due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. This study includes three phases. The first study included item generation and analysis. After the initial analysis, 13 items from the tool were retained. In the second study, exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Two factors emerged from principal component analysis (PCA). In the third study, we investigated the confirmatory factor analysis of SAOSS with a sample of urban students in Iran (grades 79, n = 317). The SAOSS has important implications for researchers, school counselors and psychologists, policymakers, and stakeholders. Implication for theory, practice and future research is discussed. 2024 International School Psychology Association. -
Student Subjective Wellbeing amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic in Iran: Role of Loneliness, Resilience and Parental Involvement
The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns potentially severely impact adolescents mental well-being. This research aims to study students subjective well-being during the covid-19 pandemic in Iran and investigate the role of loneliness, resilience, and parental involvement. For this study, 629 students (female = 345) were recruited by purposive sampling. Students were assessed on the Students Subjective Well-Being, Loneliness Scale, Resilience Scale, and Parental Involvement. The results confirm our hypothesis that the relationship between parental involvement and students subjective well-being is mediated by loneliness. Furthermore, the results indicated a partial mediation of resilience in the relationship between parental involvement and students subjective well-being. This study theoretically contributes to a better understanding of the factors determining the impact of traumatic events such as a pandemic on adolescents mental health. The implications of this study indicate interventions that can be carried out to minimize the negative psychological consequences of the pandemic. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. -
A Novel Technique for Magnetic Particle Separation Using Current-Carrying Slotted Plate
In this paper, a novel method for separating and trapping different magnetic particles is presented. Changes in the current-carrying structure yield disturbing the generated magnetic field. Here, slots were innovatively crafted on the current-carrying plate positioned beneath the microchannel, resulting in a non-uniform magnetic field distribution. This breakthrough enables the separation of different particle types using a constant and low electric current for the very first time, leading to a significant advancement in the field. More importantly, this proposed technique offers several advantages, including the generation of low levels of current and heat, ease of construction, and the ability to control the magnetic field produced by the electric current. In this study, the capability to effectively separate various particle types using a constant electric current was demonstrated with a remarkable separation efficiency of about 100%. By applying a 100[mA] electric current to the plate that carries electric current, the separation of two particle types M-450 and M-280 was achieved at a velocity of 2[?m/s]. 2024 IEEE. -
One Time Password-Based Two Channel Authentication MechanismUsing Blockchain
Using Fog Nodes, also known as IOT devices are increasing everyday with more and more home automation, industry automation, automobile automation, etc. Security threats for these devices are also increasing. One of the threats is impersonating one fog node, stealing data and taking control of the network which is also known as the Sybil attack. To provide security, most fog devices use one step or two step authentication and sometimes use encryption. With static passwords, there is a chance of compromise by password sharing and leaking. Some weak encryption algorithms used are also compromised. Data about fog nodes in the network is stored in a weak database and is tampered. OTP-based Two Channel Authentication Mechanism (OTPTAM) to authenticate the fog nodes with metadata stored in Blockchain Database and communicate using channels encrypted with Elliptical Ciphers can solve the majority of these problems. Metadata of the nodes like Bluetooth MAC address, network mac address, telephone number are all stored in the blockchain and the OTP is exchanged via these channels to ensure the authenticity of the fog nodes. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Deep Learning for Early Detection of Tomato Leaf Diseases: A ResNet-18 Approach for Sustainable Agriculture
The paper explores the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), specifically ResNet-18, in revolutionizing the identification of diseases in tomato crops. Facing threats from pathogens like Phytophthora infestans, timely disease detection is crucial for mitigating economic losses and ensuring food security. Traditionally, manual inspection and labour-intensive tests posed limitations, prompting a shift to CNNs for more efficient solutions. The study uses a well-organized dataset, employing data preprocessing techniques and ResNet-18 architecture. The model achieves remarkable results, with a 91% F1 score, indicating its proficiency in distinguishing healthy and unhealthy tomato leaves. Metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and a high AUC score on the ROC curve underscore the model's exceptional performance. The significance of this work lies in its practical applications for early disease detection in agriculture. The ResNet-18 model, with its high precision and specificity, presents a powerful tool for crop management, contributing to sustainable agriculture and global food security. (2024), (Science and Information Organization). All Rights Reserved. -
Multi-metal phytoremediation using Salvinia molesta: the role of EDDS and SDS in enhancing metal removal efficiency
Significant environmental damage to aquatic ecosystems is caused by heavy metals, and the situation necessitates strategies against the contaminants. The present study was intended to explore Salvinia molestas potential for the phytoremediation of contaminating water to remove three metals: chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd), with an emphasis on the influence of chemical amendments, ethylene diamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), applied independently. Plants were treated for a period of 60 days with single and combined metal solutions supplemented with EDDS (0.050.2%) and SDS (0.52%), and responses were measured through morphological factors and biochemical indicators, including bioaccumulation factor (BAF) with translocation factor (TF) used cautiously due to the floating habit of S. molesta. It was observed that S. molesta was capable of substantial heavy metal accumulation, with the highest accumulation recorded under EDDS amended and SDS amended treatments at elevated metal concentrations. EDDS treatments primarily enhanced metal bioavailability and uptake while maintaining plant growth and physiological stability under moderate metal stress, whereas SDS treatments, particularly at higher concentrations, resulted in increased metal accumulation accompanied by reductions in biomass, chlorophyll content and protein levels, indicating stress driven accumulation linked to altered membrane permeability. The application of EDDS or SDS resulted in higher metal uptake compared to untreated controls, with BAF values reaching 3.8 for Cr, 4.2 for Ni, and 3.5 for Cd; however, maximum accumulation under SDS treatments did not consistently correspond to biologically sustainable phytoremediation performance. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments and control in metal bioavailability following amendment application, highlighting a dose-dependent tradeoff between metal uptake efficiency and plant health. This study represents the first integrated evaluation of EDDS and SDS under multi-metal (CrNiCd) conditions in S. molesta, addressing a major gap in chemical-assisted phytoremediation research. Future work should be aimed at determining the optimum concentrations of these chemical amendments to facilitate the scale-up of phytoremediation projects. 2026 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Secure Communication in Fog Nodes through Quantum Key Distribution
In this intensifying era of big-data, data processing is predominant. Data processing takes place closer to devices in the fog computing, strong security measures are necessary. The Hybrid Encapsulation Mechanism (HEM), Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH), and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) are furnished in this study as a safe method for authentic data sharing between fog nodes. HEM, a special encapsulation technique that makes use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), is used to encrypt the data, and ECDH is used to generate the shared and private keys. A conventional route is then used to convey the data, which may offer a compromise between efficiency and security. But, fog nodes can communicate and exchange shared keys more easily over a quantum channel, which is an efficient quantum key exchange mechanism (QKD). ECC efficiently and rapidly generates encryption keys to safeguard data and these keys are impenetrable by even the most powerful computers due to their proven security. Along with safeguarding private information, this promotes collaboration and trust across fog nodes. The efficiency of the proposed method is calculated considering the execution time, computation cost, key size, and key strength. We discovered that our proposed approach outperforms existing ones when compared to them. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.