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Biocompatibility and toxicity of nanomaterials in the designing of tools for the diagnosis of infectious diseases
Nanomaterials have revolutionized the landscape of infectious disease diagnostics by offering unparalleled advantages in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity. However, their integration into diagnostic tools necessitates a profound understanding of their biocompatibility and toxicity profiles to ensure both diagnostic accuracy and patient life. The successful translation of these nanomaterials into practical diagnostic tools hinges on a thorough understanding of their biocompatibility and toxicity. Biocompatibility, a fundamental characteristic of nanomaterials refers to their ability to coexist with biological systems without causing harm or triggering immune responses. This chapter unfolds the pivotal role of biocompatibility assessment, examining the compatibility of nanomaterials with biological systems. In vitro and in vivo evaluation methods, and adherence to regulatory standards, are emphasized as essential components of biocompatibility analysis. Simultaneously, the exploration of nanotoxicity and its hazardous effect highlights the significance of establishing safe exposure limits. Toxicity is a pressing concern when dealing with nanomaterials. The chapter explores the factors that contribute to nanomaterials toxicity, including size-dependent effects, surface modifications, and the route of exposure. It also delves into the mechanisms by which nanomaterials can exert toxicity, such as reactive oxygen species, reaction with surface expanded group, and penetration into the cell. To mitigate the potential risk associated with nanomaterials, the chapter discusses strategies for improving biocompatibility. Finally, it gives a glance into the various tools prepared highlighting the successful integration of biocompatible nanotoxicity of nanomaterials into infectious disease diagnostics. Ultimately, this chapter emphasizes the need for comprehensive biocompatibility and toxicity evaluation as integral components of designing effective and safe diagnostic tools thereby contributing to the advancement of healthcare through cutting-edge nanotechnology. 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved. -
Biocidal Activity of Barium and Iron-Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites, Synthesized by Psidium guajava-Mediated Precipitation Method
The emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms and the need for effective anticancer agents necessitate the development of novel nanomaterials with enhanced biomedical performance. This study aims to synthesize barium and iron dual-doped titanium dioxide (TiBaFeO NC) using a green precipitation method with Psidium guajava leaf extract, targeting improved antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by various analytical techniques. XRD confirmed the crystalline anatase phase of TiO2 and TiBaFeO NC, with average crystallite sizes of 40 and 37nm, respectively, suitable for biomedical applications. UV-Vis analysis showed a decrease in bandgap from 3.79eV for TiO2 to 3.67eV for TiBaFeO NC, indicating enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation potential. PL spectra exhibited green emissions at 520nm for TiO2 and 523nm for TiBaFeO NC, reflecting a higher oxygen vacancy defect density in the doped nanocomposite. Biological evaluations demonstrated that TiBaFeO NC exhibited superior antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium), Gram-negative bacteria (Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris), and fungi (Candida albicans). Furthermore, TiBaFeO NC showed enhanced anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) with an IC50 of 9.8g/mL, outperforming TiO2. These results suggest that TiBaFeO NC is a promising nanocomposite for advanced biomedical applications, combining enhanced antimicrobial and anticancer properties through defect-mediated ROS generation. 2026 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. -
Biocidal activities of nickel oxide nanoparticles modified by copper and manganese, synthesized by green process
In recent years, the development of dual dopant-based nanoparticles (NPs) has gained significant attention as they possess exceptional physico-chemical and biomedical properties, making them potential candidates for antimicrobial and anticancer uses. In this research, we successfully synthesized nickel oxide (NiO) and copper, manganese-doped NiO (CuMn:NiO) NPs using a green synthesis method. The synthesis process involved Trigonella foenum-graecum (T.f.graecum) leaves extract as a nucleating agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by various physico-chemical studies. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the median size was determined as 36 nm for NiO and 32 nm for CuMn:NiO NPs. The antibacterial study revealed that CuMn:NiO NPs exhibited a higher zone of inhibition in contrast to both Gram-positive (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium) and Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae) compared with NiO NPs and commercial amoxicillin. The antifungal studies conducted against Candida albicans demonstrated that CuMn:NiO NPs exhibited enhanced efficacy in comparison to NiO NPs. In vitro testing against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) demonstrated the anticancer potential of NiO and CuMn:NiO NPs, supported by IC50 concentrations of 11 and 9?g/mL, respectively. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of NiO and CuMn:NiO NPs exhibited a green emission at 508 and 518 nm, respectively, which indicated the generation of active free radicals by the NPs. These findings suggest that CuMn:NiO NPs hold promise in the healthcare industry. 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Biochemical and Rapid Paper Sensory Detection of Heavy Metals in Milk Based on Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles
Milk is an emulsion of proteins and fats in water that contributes to a nutritious diet and enhances our immune system. However, contamination of heavy metals in milk due to an increase in industrialization and urbanization can be a serious threat to human health. This study focused on the rapid detection of heavy metals particularly lead and mercury in milk using biochemical assays as well as paper-based colorimetric sensor based on green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from leaf extract of Hemigraphis colorata. Biochemical assays such as the lead chromate test and sodium hydroxide test were employed to detect lead and mercury in milk samples. The biogenic AgNPs were characterized by UVVis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction. The unique properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) like surface plasma resonance (SPR), large surface area and visible colour change upon aggregation when metal ions interact, enable them to detect heavy metals. This is a portable and affordable method of detection that ensures safer milk consumption and sustainable environmental practices. 2025 Asian Publication Corporation. All rights reserved. -
Biochar a Futuristic Approach for Heavy Metal Remediation from Wastewater
Heavy-metal-induced contamination has been one of the major pollutants, and currently being one of the most serious concerns for its ill effects on the environment, and toxicity towards humans and plants. Being persistent in the milieu for decades, these heavy metals can also seep into underground waters polluting the soil and aquifers. Contaminated water causes the physiochemical and biochemical changes affecting the plant growth and yield. Additionally, it also has a major concern with the human health effects. Hence, it is very important to find ways to remove these heavy metals efficiently from water. In recent years, different ways of remediating heavy metals from waste water have been undertaken. Biochar, a carbon-rich source is derived from the decomposition of organic wastes that has been competent adsorbent for the heavy metal from water thus, helping as an effective treatment option. An adsorbent for heavy metals, biochar has porous structure, pH value, surface function and high cation exchange. Several methods have been used to synthesise biochar with a significant physiochemical property and have been used for various chemical applications. Being an exceptional heavy metal adsorbent, biochar is also ecofriendly, least expensive and effective treatment that has a greater potential in the near future as a best option for wastewater treatment. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Bioactive Phytochemicals from DatePalm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seed Oil Processing By-products
Humans cultivate plants for their daily commodities, like food and medicines. Innumerable varieties of crops and plant-derived products like cotton, fruits, vegetables, grains, pulses, and oils have been developed. A variety of seed oils have been used by humankind in dietary supplements and regarded as feedstock for the production of biofuels. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one such plant used in the production of oil. Date palm is a commercial fruit that is primarily cultivated in South Mediterranean countries. Date palm fruit and its processed products such as jams, jellies, and syrup are globally consumed. However, tons of seed waste is generated after processing and raises environmental problems due to poor seed waste disposal practices. Scientific reports suggest that date palm seed oil is a rich in minerals, fatty acids, and various phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, sterols, and tocopherols. These bioactive molecules possess significant pharmacological activities like antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotectivity. This chapter summarizes the phytochemicals present in the date palm seed oil, discusses the fatty acid composition in various date palm cultivars worldwide, and highlights the pharmacological activities exhibited by the date seed oil. The chapter also discusses the effective utilization of date seed oil in the food and pharmaceutical industry and the seed oil by-products in biofuel production. Pharmaceuticals and biofuel production presents an excellent opportunity for the valorization of date palm cultivation and economic returns. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Bioactive nanoparticles derived from marine brown seaweeds and their biological applications: a review
The biosynthesis of novel nanoparticles with varied morphologies, which has good implications for their biological capabilities, has attracted increasing attention in the field of nanotechnology. Bioactive compounds present in the extract of fungi, bacteria, plants and algae are responsible for nanoparticle synthesis. In comparison to other biological resources, brown seaweeds can also be useful to convert metal ions to metal nanoparticles because of the presence of richer bioactive chemicals. Carbohydrates, proteins, polysaccharides, vitamins, enzymes, pigments, and secondary metabolites in brown seaweeds act as natural reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents in the nanoparticles synthesis. There are around 2000 species of seaweed that dominate marine resources, but only a few have been reported for nanoparticle synthesis. The presence of bioactive chemicals in the biosynthesized metal nanoparticles confers biological activity. The biosynthesized metal and non-metal nanoparticles from brown seaweeds possess different biological activities because of their different physiochemical properties. Compared with terrestrial resources, marine resources are not much explored for nanoparticle synthesis. To confirm their morphology, characterization methods are used, such as absorption spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy. This review attempts to include the vital role of brown seaweed in the synthesis of metal and non-metal nanoparticles, as well as the method of synthesis and biological applications such as anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and other functions. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.). The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Bioactive Compounds in Edible Flowers
Many societies have found various utilities of edible flowers. They give a more ornamental look, enhances the taste, and also enhances its nutritional value. Numerous studies conducted recently have shown that edible flowers are also rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fibre, vitamins, minerals. These flowers also contain a variety of phytochemicals, including phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and other compounds that have been shown to increase biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic, anticancer, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective qualities. Edible flowers have now found their way into a number of industries, including as cosmeceuticals, functional foods, and nutraceuticals. The book provides information on the nutritional value, phytochemical makeup, and bioactivity of both wild and cultivated flowers. It also describes edible flowers in depth to make them better-known to consumers and the food business. Each chapter discusses the possible toxicological effects of floral components. 2026 Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy. -
Bioactive compounds from Cordyceps and their therapeutic potential
The Clavicipitaceae familys largest and most diverse genus is Cordyceps. They are most abundant and diverse in humid temperate and tropical forests and have a wide distribution in: Europe, North America, and East and Southeast Asian countries, particularly: Bhutan, China, Japan, Nepal, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Tibet, and the Himalayan region of India, and Sikkim. It is a well-known parasitic fungus that feeds on insects and other arthropods belonging to 10 different orders. Over 200 bioactive metabolites, that include: nucleotides and nucleosides, polysaccharides, proteins, polypeptides, amino acids, sterols, and fatty acids, among others have been extracted from Cordyceps spp. demonstrating the phytochemical richness of this genus. These components have been associated with a variety of pharmacological effects, including: anti-microbial, anti-apoptotic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. In this paper, the bioactivity of various classes of metabolites produced by Cordyceps spp., and their therapeutic properties have been reviewed in an attempt to update the existing literature. Furthermore, one of its nucleoside and a key bioactive compound, cordycepin has been critically elaborated with regard to its biosynthesis pathway and the recently proposed protector-protmechanism as well as various biological and pharmacological effects, such as: suppression of purine and nucleic acid biosynthesis, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation with their mechanism of action. This review provides current knowledge on the bioactive potential of Cordyceps spp. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.). Schott)
Plants are said to be the finest source of food and phytochemicals. Along with aerial plant components, subterranean tuberous, stems, and roots were often consumed for their phytochemical and nutritional worth. Colocasia esculenta (L.). Schott is an essential plant that is utilized for its nutritional and phytochemical properties. It is commonly called taro, which is very rich in plant secondary metabolites and their respective pharmacological properties. Taro is consumed by people worldwide and serves as a staple food in Asian and African countries, leading to its abundant production. Extensive studies has explored the nutritional composition of taro, which has been identified as a promising source of dietary fiber. Moreover, taro exhibits a wealth of minerals and phytochemicals, including phenols, flavonoids, and various derivatives, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and anticancer effects. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of taro, encompassing its nutritional profile, phytochemistry, and numerous pharmacological properties. Additionally, it addresses the important aspects of biosafety in relation to taro consumption and highlights potential prospects for sustainable production of this remarkable tuber crop. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.). Schott)
Plants are said to be the finest source of food and phytochemicals. Along with aerial plant components, subterranean tuberous, stems, and roots were often consumed for their phytochemical and nutritional worth. Colocasia esculenta(L.). Schott is an essential plant that is utilized for its nutritional and phytochemical properties. It is commonly called taro, which is very rich in plant secondary metabolites and their respective pharmacological properties. Taro is consumed by people worldwide and serves as a staple food in Asian and African countries, leading to its abundant production. Extensive studies has explored the nutritional composition of taro, which has been identified as a promising source of dietary fiber. Moreover, taro exhibits a wealth of minerals and phytochemicals, including phenols, flavonoids, and various derivatives, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of taro, encompassing its nutritional profile, phytochemistry, and numerous pharmacological properties. Additionally, it addresses the important aspects of biosafety in relation to taro consumption and highlights potential prospects for sustainable production of this remarkable tuber crop. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Mangrove-Associated Bacteria
Mangroves are used by folklore in indigenous medicine for the treatment of diseases. They contain an array of pharmacologically significant bioactive compounds. The endophytes of the mangroves have the capability of producing biologically active compounds which may be similar to their host plant. They are also able to produce novel and unique bioactive compounds which can be used in therapeutics. Bacillus and Streptomyces are the major genera of bacterial endophytes found in the mangroves. The major groups of bioactive compounds produced by the bacterial endophytes of mangroves include terpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, etc. The bioactive compounds produced by the endophytes possesses biological activities, such as antibacterial, cytotoxic, antioxidant activity, etc. These compounds have profound applications in the discovery of drugs. The present chapter focuses on the bacterial endophytes found in the mangroves, the bioactive molecules produced by them, and the pharmacological activities associated with these endophytes. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Mangrove-Associated Bacteria
Mangroves are used by folklore in indigenous medicine for the treatment of diseases. They contain an array of pharmacologically significant bioactive compounds. The endophytes of the mangroves have the capability of producing biologically active compounds which may be similar to their host plant. They are also able to produce novel and unique bioactive compounds which can be used in therapeutics. Bacillus and Streptomyces are the major genera of bacterial endophytes found in the mangroves. The major groups of bioactive compounds produced by the bacterial endophytes of mangroves include terpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, etc. The bioactive compounds produced by the endophytes possesses biological activities such as antibacterial, cytotoxic, antioxidant activity, etc. These compounds have profound applications in the discovery of drugs. The present chapter focuses on the bacterial endophytes found in the mangroves, the bioactive molecules produced by them, and the pharmacological activities associated with these endophytes. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nelumbonaceae A. Rich.) is a beautiful aquatic flowering plant with a subterranean rhizome. With a vast array of culinary applications and a storehouse of bioactive compounds in its plant parts, N. nucifera functions as both an underground food crop and a valuable medicinal plant. With a more than 7,000-year history of cultivation, this plant is one of the few aquatic plants used as a vegetable. N. nucifera possesses copious amounts of alkaloids and flavonoids as phytochemicals, along with various other derivatives. The rhizome is consumed as a vegetable since it has more carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins, and it also possesses phytocompounds that exhibit immunomodulatory, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. Many countries in Asia use N. nucifera starch as a major culinary ingredient. To date, many phytochemicals isolated from this plant are used in many medicinal systems, including traditional, Ayurvedic, herbal, and oriental medicine. The extracts of various organs of this plant are used to treat numerous types of cancers, cardiac diseases, liver ailments, diabetes, and nervous disorders. The flower extracts are effective against fever, adipsia, cholera, and diarrhea. Eaten raw or puffed, lotus seeds are high in protein and contain minerals like calcium, phosphorus, iron, and potassium. The seeds are used as antibiotics to cure skin diseases like leprosy. Chinese medicine uses lotus seeds to treat renal and cardiac problems. Accordingly, N. nucifera is employed in food, medicine, culture, and religion. Furthermore, N. nucifera is an excellent environmental adapter and has the capacity to modify its resistance to environmental stress in order to adapt to a variety of abiotic stresses including flooding, extremely high temperatures, salt, low light, and heavy metals. It can therefore be grown in a variety of environments. Although this aquatic crop is restricted to an extensive geographical region and has a huge variety of cultivars, many parts of the world are still uninformed about this crop. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the medicinal and nutritional benefits of this tuberous crop in order to investigate it as a potential replacement for present-day food crops as well as a source of medicine. In order to effectively utilize this aquatic underground crop, this chapter aims to embody the nutritional advantages, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the phytocompounds from the various parts of N. nucifera. It also emphasizes lotus breeding to date, applications as food, cultural aspects, and future production of potential N. nucifera underground crops of the highest quality. 2023, Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. All rights reserved. -
Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.Lotus (Nelumbonaceae A. Rich.) is a beautiful aquatic flowering plant with a subterranean rhizome. With a vast array of culinary applications and a storehouse of bioactive compounds in its plant parts, N. nucifera functions as both an underground food crop and a valuable medicinal plant. With a more than 7,000-year history of cultivation, this plant is one of the few aquatic plants used as a vegetable. N. nucifera possesses copious amounts of alkaloids and flavonoids as phytochemicals, along with various other derivatives. The rhizome is consumed as a vegetable since it has more carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins, and it also possesses phytocompounds that exhibit immunomodulatory, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. Many countries in Asia use N. nucifera starch as a major culinary ingredient. To date, many phytochemicals isolated from this plant are used in many medicinal systems, including traditional, Ayurvedic, herbal, and oriental medicine. The extracts of various organs of this plant are used to treat numerous types of cancers, cardiac diseases, liver ailments, diabetes, and nervous disorders. The flower extracts are effective against fever, adipsia, cholera, and diarrhea. Eaten raw or puffed, lotus seeds are high in protein and contain minerals like calcium, phosphorus, iron, and potassium. The seeds are used as antibiotics to cure skin diseases like leprosy. Chinese medicine uses lotus seeds to treat renal and cardiac problems. Accordingly, N. nucifera is employed in food, medicine, culture, and religion. Furthermore, N. nucifera is an excellent environmental adapter and has the capacity to modify its resistance to environmental stress in order to adapt to a variety of abiotic stresses including flooding, extremely high temperatures, salt, low light, and heavy metals. It can therefore be grown in a variety of environments. Although this aquatic crop is restricted to an extensive geographical region and has a huge variety of cultivars, many parts of the world are still uninformed about this crop. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the medicinal and nutritional benefits of this tuberous crop in order to investigate it as a potential replacement for present-day food crops as well as a source of medicine. In order to effectively utilize this aquatic underground crop, this chapter aims to embody the nutritional advantages, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the phytocompounds from the various parts of N. nucifera. It also emphasizes lotus breeding to date, applications as food, cultural aspects, and future production of potential N. nucifera underground crops of the highest quality. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Ensete Species
Ensete, commonly known as the false banana, is a plant of the subtropical and tropical regions of Asia and Africa. Ensete has received global attention in the past decade. The various parts of the plant, such as the fruits, fruit peel, corm, pseudostem, seed, leaves, flowers, sap, and roots, have been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. Starch and other minor/trace components found in Ensete plants have been used as tablet binders, disintegrants, pharmaceutical gelling agents, and sustained release agents in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Ensete has been used as a staple and co-staple food by Ethiopians and has many ethnomedicinal uses. The present chapter validates the historic use of various parts of Ensete in treating ailments by providing detailed information on the phytochemicals present in the plant and discussing various biological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, cytotoxic, antiurolithiatic, antiestrogenic, nephroprotective, and hepatoprotective properties. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
The most significant tropical tuberous crop, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), is grown extensively around the world. It has a lot of minerals that have been linked to health benefits, is high in calories, and contains vitamin C, an antioxidant that supports the creation of collagen and boosts immunity. It is known to be the biggest generator of carbohydrates among stable crops, with its roots serving as the main source of starch and dietary energy. Currently, cassava flour is being used in gluten-free or gluten-reduced foods as a novel food application. The cassava plant extract is a rich source of major phytochemicals consisting of flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinone, phlobatannins, saponins, and anthrocyanosides along with other antinutritive factors that contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities like antibacterial activity, in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and analgesic and antipyretic activities. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the botanical features, production statistics, nutritional composition and benefits, phytochemicals present and their biological activities present in different parts of cassava plants, toxicity, food applications, and various strategies of breeding for crop improvement. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.)
Arrowroot is one of the most widely studied herbal species belonging to the family Marantaceae, which originated from South America and is mainly found in tropical areas. Species belonging to the Maranta genus attaining worldwide attention due to the bioactive compounds are present in their rhizomes. The nutritional values of the Maranta arundinacea plant parts were explored in traditional medicine and culinary practices. Maranta arundinacea flour is a good source of fiber, starch, and carbohydrate and is extensively utilized as a major ingredient in food products. It is also used as an alternative to wheat as the flour is gluten-free. Dietary fibers present in the Maranta arundinacea are beneficially used in the treatment of digestive disorders such as celiac disease and immune disorders. Its known to stimulate the production of IgM by immune cells. Maranta arundinacea is commonly used for weight management as it is protein-rich and has fewer calories. The rhizome contains substantial amounts of sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc. The processed starch from the Maranta arundinacea rhizomes is broadly used in nutritional food products as well as in pharmacological applications. The bioactive compounds present in the Maranta arundinacea rhizome make it the subject of novel pharmaceutical studies. The current chapter tries to emphasize the general morphology, nutritional benefits and processing, bioactive compounds, and biological activities of the Maranta arundinacea. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Bio-waste derived multifunctional carbon dots for white light generation, forensic and antibacterial applications
The synthesis of multi-colour emitting solid-state fluorescent (SSF) carbon dots (CDs) is a challenging task due to the phenomenon of aggregation-induced self-quenching. However, this study presents an efficacious method to synthesize CDs from the sap stain of the cupressus lusitanica tree (cl-CDs) via a simple one-step microwave treatment. The resulting SSF CDs exhibited a particle size of approximately 3 nm, high stability, and remarkable efficacy in light conversion when coated on a UV light emitting diode (UV LED). The ensuing coating generated white light with CIE colour coordinates of (0.33, 0.34) and a high luminescence efficiency of approximately 671 L/W. The fluorescence capabilities exhibited by the cl-CDs in response to 254 nm and 365 nm UV light excitation make them an ideal choice for developing fluorescent inks to prevent counterfeiting. Moreover, the study investigated the notable fluorescence properties of cl-CDs as a luminescent fingerprint powder for the recognition of latent fingerprints on various surfaces. Additionally, the antibacterial potential of cl-CDs was evaluated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, where the cl-CDs were utilized as an antibacterial dusting powder for fluorescent imaging of latent fingerprints on different substrates. Therefore, we believe that our present work offers a plethora of exciting possibilities for the multifunctional application of SSF green CDs with significant implications in white light generation, counterfeiting prevention, forensic applications, and healthcare. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Bio-Inspired Energy Storage Electrode: Utilizing Co3O4 Hollow Spheres Derived from Sugarcane Bagasse Extract Synthesis Via Hydrothermal Route
Recent research has explored the utilization of sugarcane bagasse, a bio-industrial waste, to fabricate energy storage devices due to ecofriendly nature, low cost with industrial scale production. In this investigation, cobalt oxide hollow spheres (Co3O4 HSs) were synthesized from waste sugarcane bagasse extract with the carbon spheres (CSs) act as template. The main component of sucrose (C12H22O11) linked with cellulose fibers and other oxygenic functional groups were used to prepare CSs. Previously, a metal precursor (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) was mixed with sugarcane bagasse extract and subjected to a hydrothermal process, resulting in uniform-sized metal CSs. The uniform sized Co3O4 HSs were formed by calcined metal CSs. The calcination temperature plays a crucial role to eliminating implanted carbon material on inter surface area of the metal oxide, shaping the Co3O4 HSs. Structural, vibrational, morphology and elemental analyses were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. Electrochemical tests show improved ion transport and low resistance, leading to high capacitance in asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) devices. Subsequently, for asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) devices, using with Co3O4 HSs has function of cathode and activated carbon (AC) as anode, the devices demonstrated impressive results of 33.1 Fg? 1 at 1 Ag? 1, 86.8% retention after 4,000 cycles, as well as the energy density and power density of 5.9W h kg? 1 at 1500W kg? 1. The Co3O4 HSs||AC device exhibits promising energy storage properties for future applications. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.